1、专业英语八级模拟试卷 642及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture.
2、 When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 American Group Dynamics Today, in Western research institutes and university department, much work is don
3、e as a team project and American group dynamics is a topic we should be familiar with. . The View of Professional and【 1】 Relationships 【 1】 _ 1. Separate the two relationships - no need to【 2】 with your co-workers 【 2】 _ - no need to socialize with your co-workers after office hours 2. Neglect the
4、conflicting personalities or【 3】 .【 3】 _ - put aside your negative attitude towards a coworker and accomplish the task related to the project . Equality and Participation 1. Everyone is treated as【 4】 . 【 4】 _ -express his/her opinion freely 2. A leaders role - not dominate a group - not the importa
5、nt person - make sure everyone【 5】 【 5】 _ - act more like【 6】 than a boss 【 6】 _ - make sure the discussion stays on topic 3. Group members talk to each other . Compromises【 7】 【 7】 _ 1. Give or【 8】 your ideas to the group 【 8】 _ 2. Take or accept the ideas of other members . Rules for Team Meetings
6、 1. An agenda - a list of items to be discussed;【 9】 of discussion【 9】 _ 2. A【 10】 for decision making 【 10】 _ - everyone participates - everyone takes ownership 1 【 1】 2 【 2】 3 【 3】 4 【 4】 5 【 5】 6 【 6】 7 【 7】 8 【 8】 9 【 9】 10 【 10】 SECTION B INTERVIEW Directions: In this section you will hear ever
7、ything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the interview. 11 The average life expectancy of ancient Eg
8、yptians is about _. （ A） 32 （ B） 37 （ C） 50 （ D） 60 12 Which of the following is NOT a medical problem ancient Egyptians used to have? （ A） Dental decay. （ B） Tooth erosion. （ C） Malignant tumors. （ D） Insomnia. 13 The following are very common among ancient Egyptians EXCEPT_. （ A） abscess （ B） inte
9、stinal parasites （ C） anaemia （ D） drug addiction 14 The mummy Rameses is different from other Egyptian mummies in that_. （ A） it cannot be destroyed （ B） its heart was not removed （ C） most internal organs were removed （ D） it was made with a different technique 15 Which of the following is NOT TRU
10、E of Rameses? （ A） It was on display in Cairo in 1871. （ B） It was taken to Paris for research. （ C） It was seriously damaged in an upheaval. （ D） It was covered in new bandages. SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer
11、 the questions that follow. At the end of each news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. 16 Elizabeth has been held captive since （ A） 1972. （ B） 1983. （ C） 1984 （ D） 1978 16 Western tattooists work with a special electrical instrument, something like a dentists drill. It hold
12、s a number of very fine needles, which, for the purpose of reproducing the approved drawing, ac dipped, in black ink. When the current is switched on, and the instrument passed rapidly over the outline, the action of the needles drives the ink into the skin. The tattooist is constantly wiping away e
13、xcess ink as he works. This is where skill is so important, for the speed of the instrument means that he must work rapidly over lines which ac almost permanently covered over. The basic drawing then has to be colored in, using the same method but with non-poisonous paint now replacing the ink. The
14、average tattoo contains four or five colors, each injected with a separate instrument. How many needles ac used each time will depend on the area m be covered, but it is possible to use as many as ten or twelve, giving up to 3,000 injections a minute. Filling in is a lengthier process than outlining
15、, and, since most people find half an hour under the needles quite enough, a major tattoo can take a number of visits to complete. Every visit will leave the skin sore and stinging, and to prevent infection the area is finally treated with an antiseptic cream and covered with a dressing. After a few
16、 days it finally heals over, leaving the new tattoo clearly visible under the skin. And there it stays, for, as those who get tattooed and then thind better of it soon discover, getting rid of the tattoo is a far more difficult business than getting it. The tattooist is powerless to undo what he has
17、 done and can only refer unhappy customers to their doctors who, no matter how sympathetic; are able to offer little encouragement. Removing a tattoo, if it can be done at all, has to be by one of two methods, neither of them pleasant or even completely satisfactory, The first is by surgery and skin
18、 replacment, an operation which leaves permanent marks. The other possibility is to re-tat-too over the offending design with a special acidbased substance which absorbs the colors as it goes. This is a painful and lengthy process which, though less expensive than private surgery, is still quite cos
19、tly. “Tattooing is a thorn in the side of the medical profession“, is the view of one Harley Street skin specialist. He receives a constant stream of enquiries about removal, but in most cases the expense and discomfort of having it done make people decide to go on living with their unwanted designs
20、. “Patients have to want it very much go to through with it,“ he says. “Those who do are usually the ones who find that they are refused jobs, or cannot get advancement because their hands are decorated.“ This is such a common event that responsible tattooists refuse to work on areas which cannot no
21、rmally be covered up.“ The trouble is that most people don t think about it until it s too late.“ says one tattooist who had his own hands tattooed some years ago, and freely admits to regretting it“ I realize now that it looks in bad taste.“ 17 The fine needles are used_. （ A） to make the first rou
22、gh outline （ B） to finish the rough outline （ C） to make the approved drawing （ D） to ink in the rough outline 18 Before a large-scale tattoo is finished, the customer may_. （ A） have had half an hour under the needles （ B） have had as many as ten or twelve needles used on him （ C） have had to go se
23、veral times to the tattooist （ D） have had been give up to 3000 injections 19 After seeing a doctor, a person may decide to keep his tattoo because _. （ A） he likes living with it. （ B） it is too difficult to do otherwise. （ C） his skin is not suitable for a removal operation. （ D） it may be importa
24、nt in his job. 20 Why are some tattooists called“ responsible“ ? （ A） They want to prevent their customers from suffering later. （ B） They refuse to tattoo areas that cannot normally be covered up. （ C） They are clean and careful in their work. （ D） They carefully consider their customers needs. 一、
25、PART III GENERAL KNOWLEDGE (10 MIN) Directions: There are ten multiple-choice questions in this section. Choose the best answer to each question. 21 The United States grows nearly_of the worlds grain. （ A） one third （ B） one fourth （ C） two thirds （ D） a half 22 Romance, which uses narrative verse o
26、r prose to tell stories of _ adventures or other heroic deeds, is a popular literary form in the medieval period. （ A） Christian （ B） Greek （ C） knightly （ D） primitive 23 Both of _ are concerned with the study of speech sounds. （ A） Phonology and semantics （ B） Semantics and pragmatics （ C） Pragmat
27、ics and phonetics （ D） Phonology and phonetics 24 The American Civil War broke out in _. （ A） 1860 （ B） 1861 （ C） 1862 （ D） 1863 25 In English all the prefixes are _ morphemes. （ A） inflectional （ B） grammatical （ C） derivational （ D） implicit 26 The term isolation describes_. （ A） American foreign
28、policy during the 1970s and 1980s （ B） a military theory best paraphrased as “divide and conquer“ （ C） an idea of economical balance between nations （ D） a policy of nonintervention in other countries affairs 28 The first known settlers of Britain were _. （ A） the Jutes （ B） the Celts （ C） the Saxon
29、s （ D） the Iberians 29 Words like “Xerox“ and “Kodak“ are formed by_. （ A） back-formation （ B） blending （ C） coinage （ D） acronym 30 Before the Roman invasion, the native inhabitants of Britain were. （ A） the Anglo-Saxons （ B） the Celts （ C） the Irish （ D） the Gauls 二、 PART IV PROOFREADING some 1,20
30、0 feet higher than the South Rim, it is snow covered much of the year except in July and August. But there is no day that you may not visit the South Rim and find the sun warm on your face and the air perfumed with the incense of smoke from an Indian hearth. The Grand Canyon is an unearthly sight. N
31、o wonder an American writer and journalist said, “I came here an atheist, and departed a devout believer.“ 三、 PART VI WRITING (45 MIN) Directions: Write a composition of about 400 words on the following topic. 34 At present, there is heated discussion on the losses caused by road accidents and the s
32、uggested ways to reduce road accidents. Then what are your comments on the issue? You are to write a paper of approximately 400 words on this issue. In the first part of your paper, you should present the losses caused by road accidents and in the second part you should suggest some ways to reduce r
33、oad accidents with appropriate details. In the last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion with a summary. Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks. Write your com
34、position on ANSWER SHEET FOUR. 专业英语八级模拟试卷 642答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-fillin
35、g task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 【听力原文】 Good morning, everyone. Today Im going to talk about group work done
36、 in Western research institutes and university. In fact, much work in Western research institutes and university department is done as a team project. If you want to function well in these settings you need to have an understanding of American group dynamics. I would like to break up my lecture into
37、 4 main categories. The first is the way Americans view professional and private relationships. Americans separate these two re lationships and it is common for them not to fix the two. No one expects you to have a private friendship with the people you work with. This means it is not necessary to d
38、evelop friendly relationships before people can work together. You dont even have to be friends. Once you meet some people in a working relationship you are not expected to socialize with them after hours. This is not discouraged, but no one is encouraging it either. The most important thing is to a
39、ccomplish the work which needs to be done. As long as this is happening, authorities are not concerned with what goes outside the office. They only become concerned when outside personal activities affect your performance at work. It is also possible that you may not like the person you are working
40、with. You are expected to put these feelings aside and accomplish the tasks related to the project. Sometimes scientists have conflicting personalities or ego conflicts. Both parties know from past experience that they would not get along socially, but they know they must work together to complete t
41、he project. Because of this they would still work together effectively. Of course, its much nicer when you do like the person you work with but you cant have this expectation when being assigned to a group project. The most important thing in the office or on a project is that people do their jobs.
42、Everyone in the group has a responsibility and must complete it. This attitude of working together to complete some specific goal carries through with students and professors who may have different social standings. No one has the final word unless he/she has been given that responsibility by the gr
43、oups. Therefore, a full professor and an undergraduate student are expected to work together effectively when placed on the same team. This brings up my second category: equality and participation. Not only are people of different ages expected to work together but everyone in a group is treated as
44、an equal. Everyone has the right to express his/her opinion. This means that whoever is appointed as leader should not dominate the group. The leader is not the most important person. The leaders role is to make sure everyone participates. Leaders are there to ensure that the ideas and opinions of a
45、ll the team members are expressed. They do not dominate the discussion; they merely guide it along and make sure the group does not get stuck on any one point. The leader acts more like a servant rather than a boss. The leader also makes sure the discussion stays on topic. This helps the group accom
46、plish its goals in the limited time it is giver. It can be said that the best leader gets the most out of each person in the group. He or she recognizes the different abilities of the team members and uses the variety of abilities to accomplish the best results. With this attitude of leadership in A
47、merica it is important that people talk to each other, not just to the lead er. You must keep in mind that you are sharing your ideas not with just one person, but with the whole group. When talking to a small group you should have eye contact with the group members. This is very important because i
48、f you look away when they look at you they will think you are suspicious. They might even think you are not being honest if you dont look at them when you speak to them. The third category is making compromises something we call “give and take“. In a group situation you need to be able to compromise
49、 and negotiate. This does not mean you should give up the point you are trying to make. It means you should express your ideas with conviction, but you will also need to listen to their ideas. Consequently, you may have to give up some of what you want so others can have some of what they want. This is why we call it “give and take“. You give or express you
