1、专业英语八级模拟试卷 643及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture.
2、 When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 Besides “American“ characteristics-individualism, self-reliance, informality, punctuality and directness,
3、 there are also some “national traits“ could also be identified. I. Some of the national traits: 1) Being friendly. There are all kinds of friendships for Americans, such as【 1】 .【 1】 _ 2) Having many questions. Some of Americans questions are【 2】 . 【 2】_ 3) Internationally naive. Many Americans are
4、 not very knowledgeable about international geography or world【 3】 【 3】 _ 4) Be nervous about silence. Talking about【 4】 is always a good way to break 【 4】 _ silence in a conversation. 5) Open and eager to【 5】 【 5】 _ II. Cultural rules that make Americans more comfortable with you: 1) Queuing up. 2)
5、 Blow their noses into a tissue. Its considered to be rude to spit, clear phlegm or【 6】 【 6】 _ 3) Avoid to slurp, chew noisily or open your mouth while chewing. 4) Never asking questions about a persons age, financial affairs, cost of clothing or personal belongings,【 7】 or sex life. 【 7】 _ 5) Its n
6、ot common for men to hold hands or link【 8】 in public with other men. 【 8】 _ III. Some tips on personal safety: 1) Do not walk alone at night. 2) When you leave your room, apartment, or automobile, make sure that all doors are locked and all windows are【 9】 【 9】_ 3) Do not carry too much cash or wea
7、r jewelry of great value. 4) Never accept a ride from a stranger. 5) Be careful of purses and wallets, especially in crowded【 10】 【 10】_ 6) Avoid resisting the robbers unnecessarily. 1 【 1】 2 【 2】 3 【 3】 4 【 4】 5 【 5】 6 【 6】 7 【 7】 8 【 8】 9 【 9】 10 【 10】 SECTION B INTERVIEW Directions: In this secti
8、on you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the interview. 11 What do we learn abo
9、ut NCLB? （ A） It proves to be a perfect educational program. （ B） It doesnt focus on test scores in reading and math. （ C） It has negative effects on subjects not tested. （ D） It has results in constantly tested subjects as expected. 12 What do Dr. Ravitchs basic principles of education center on? （
10、 A） All children should have access to an education of high quality. （ B） Accountability and choice are very effective means. （ C） More public services should be privatized at a faster speed. （ D） Physical education isnt an essential part of high-quality education. 13 What is the limitation of stand
11、ardized tests nowadays? （ A） There are only essays and demonstrations of knowledge. （ B） There are too few multiple-choice questions. （ C） They narrow ways of measuring what students have learned. （ D） They make it difficult to unify a standard for evaluation. 14 Dr. Ravitch will support the followi
12、ng policies EXCEPT （ A） having principals who have been excellent teachers. （ B） insisting on high qualifications for new teachers. （ C） committing to building a better and stronger profession. （ D） that students get a solid education only in tested subjects. 15 Which of the following is NOT the rea
13、son for high dropout rate nationally? （ A） Some students have to earn money to support the family. （ B） Some students fail repeatedly in school. （ C） Some girls become pregnant. （ D） Some students get unfair treatment in school. SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST Directions: In this section you will hear ever
14、ything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. At the end of each news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. 16 Which of the following is INCORRECT about the explosion? （ A） It happened at a bus depot. （ B） It killed more than 70 people and injure
15、d 26. （ C） It attacked a bus for the Ugandan capital Kampala. （ D） The bag exploded during the security check. 17 Who might be responsible for the explosion? （ A） Kampala terrorists. （ B） Nairobi terrorists. （ C） Somali insurgents. （ D） Not mentioned. 17 Some business books are like a CD recorded by
16、 a one-hit-wonder pop star. On the CD, the stars original hit is padded with dross hurriedly bundled together to cash in on the stars ephemeral fame. Consumers, at the end of the day, regret not having bought just the original hit song. Work force Crisis grew out of an article by the same authors th
17、at appeared in the Harvard Business Review in March 200,1. Called Its Time to Retire Retirement, it achieved fame of a sort when it won the McKinsey Prize, an award granted annually to the “most significant“ article to have appeared in the publication during the previous year. It gained even more fa
18、me by association, being joint winner that year with what turned out to be Peter Druckers last article What Makes an Effective Executive for the publication. Now here is the CD extension of that original hit. It takes the basic thesis of the article that the long-standing corporate practice of inves
19、ting heavily in youth and pushing out older workers must change, “or companies will find themselves running off a demographic cliff as baby boomers age“ and puffs it out to the 200-plus pages that hook publishers demand as a minimum. The authors original article was already on shaky ground in statin
20、g that, as baby-boomers retire (people born between 1946 and 1964, the oldest of whom are just now reaching 60), “there wont be nearly enough young people entering the workforce to compensate for the exodus“. An article in the August 2003 issue of Organizational Dynamics, by Peter Cappelli of the Wh
21、arton School at the University of Pennsylvania, had already knocked that idea on the head. Mr. Cappelli took issue with the popular rumour that the retirement of baby boomers will bring about a shortage of labour. At least in America, there are all sorts of ways in which the labour market will compe
22、nsate. Many baby-boomers, for instance, will work longer; and although the next generation is some 16% smaller than the baby boom generation? the generation after that is bigger than both of them. Then there is migration and offshoring to smooth the imbalance even further. Curiously, both sides cite
23、d the US Bureau of Labor Statistics in support of their case: Mr. Cappelli quoting its estimate that the US labour force will rise from 153m in 2000 to 159m in 2010; Mr. Dychtwald and his colleagues saying that the bureau “projects a shortfall of 10m workers in the United States in 2010“. First ther
24、e are statistics; and then there is what you want them to say. The debate has moved on from being about labour shortages to being about the waste of resources involved in allowing workers to retire at what is, given current life expectancy and standards of health, the relatively young age of 60 65.
25、To give Work force Crisis its due, it dwells only briefly at the beginning on statistical pyrotechnics to prove that “a large and prolonged worker shortage could severely reduce our standard of living“. It then eases into a discussion about ways in which companies can redesign work in order to bang
26、on to the workers they want to hang on to, regardless of age, in an era when people hop from employer to employer like never before. But it is more like elevator muzak than the hit first recorded in the Harvard Business Review. 18 The word “ephemeral“ in the first paragraph probably means _. （ A） we
27、ll-known. （ B） longlasting. （ C） short-lived. （ D） international. 19 The book Work force Crisis aims to change a corporate practice because _. （ A） it is bad for the development of a corporation. （ B） many corporate employees are growing old. （ C） it has called forth a lot of criticism. （ D） many co
28、rporate employers have realized its problem. 20 The book reviewers attitude towards the book is one of _. （ A） approval. （ B） ambivalence. （ C） ambiguity. （ D） skepticism. 21 We can learn from the fifth paragraph that _. （ A） US Bureau of Labor Statistics offers inaccurate statistics. （ B） Mr. Dycht
29、wald objects to the authors opinion. （ C） the US labor force will either rise greatly or fall sharply. （ D） statistics can be used to support different opinions. 22 Which of the following contents does the book possibly cover? （ A） Solutions to the shortage of labor. （ B） Discussion on the waster of
30、 resources. （ C） Methods of the arrangement of work. （ D） Possibility of the reduction of living standard. 一、 PART III GENERAL KNOWLEDGE (10 MIN) Directions: There are ten multiple-choice questions in this section. Choose the best answer to each question. 23 The following terms were put forward by F
31、erdinand de Sussure EXCEPT _ （ A） systemic and functional. （ B） signifier and signified. （ C） langue and parole. （ D） synchronic and diachronic. 24 Lawrence Sternes _ was considered as the pioneer works of the stream-of-consciousness novel. （ A） The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy （ B） A Sentim
32、ental Journey （ C） The Adventures of Roderick Random （ D） The Adventures of Peregrine Pickle 25 The classic semantic triangle or triangle of significance mainly illustrates the view of （ A） conceptualism. （ B） contextualism. （ C） structuralism. （ D） behaviorism. 26 Elizabeth Bennet is the leading fe
33、male character in Jane Austens masterpiece_. （ A） Emma （ B） Sense and Sensibility （ C） Pride and Prejudice （ D） Wuthering Heights 27 Which of the following works does NOT show the desire for an escape from society and a return to nature? （ A） Mark Twains The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn （ B） James
34、 Fenimore Coopers Leatherstocking Tales （ C） Washington Irvings Rip Van Winkle （ D） Nathaniel Hawthornes The Scarlet Letter 28 Which of the following is NOT a compound word? （ A） Landlay. （ B） Greenhouse. （ C） Uplift. （ D） Unacceptable. 29 Buckingham Palace is _s present London home. （ A） parliament
35、 （ B） churchmen （ C） monarch （ D） the prime minister 30 The preface to the second edition of _is in fact a manifesto for English Romanticism. （ A） Kubla Khan （ B） Don Juan （ C） Ode to the West Wind （ D） Lyrical Ballads 31 The most primitive notion concerning meaning is_. （ A） the naming theory （ B）
36、the conceptualist view （ C） conceptualism （ D） behaviorism 32 Theodore Dreiser set forth his _ concept of the American society in his early works. （ A） romantic （ B） historical （ C） naturalistic （ D） realistic 二、 PART IV PROOFREADING colonial expansion and the establishment of a world-wide trading n
37、etwork would have been 【 M3】 _ possible without hemp. Nowadays, ships cables are usually made from wire or synthetic fibres, and scientists are now suggesting that the 【 M4】 _ cultivation of hemp should be revived for the production of paper and pulp. According to its proponents, four times as that
38、much paper can be 【 M5】 _ produced from land, using hemp rather than trees. However, there is a problem: hemp is illegal in many countries of the world. This plant, so useful for fibre, rope, oil, fuel and textiles, is 【 M6】 _ species of cannabis, related to the plant 【 M7】 _ which marijuana is prod
39、uced. In the late 1930s, a movement to ban the drug marijuana began to gather force, resulted in the eventual banning of 【 M8】 _ the cultivation not only of the plant used to producing the drug, but also of the commercial 【 M9】 _ fibre-producing hemp plant despite the fact marijuana cannot be produc
40、ed from the hemp 【 M10】 _ plant, since it contains almost no THC (the active ingredient in the drug). 33 【 M1】 34 【 M2】 35 【 M3】 36 【 M4】 37 【 M5】 38 【 M6】 39 【 M7】 40 【 M8】 41 【 M9】 42 【 M10】 SECTION A CHINESE TO ENGLISH Directions: Translate the following text into English. 43 人的一生好比马拉松赛跑。人人都有最后一圈
41、，这一圈通常属于人生道路漫长的老人。七老八十的人，穿过艰难的世途，穿过芸芸众生，穿过重重障碍，于是到了人生的最后一圈。 这一圈路程有长有短，跑得有快有慢。有的人 稳健有力，从容不迫；有的人歪歪扭扭，步子不正；有的人拖拖沓沓，蹒跚不前。也有跑入歪道的人，或跑不快还要挡道的人，或不按竞赛规则乱跑的人，都是注定要失败的。 谁能跑好这最后一圈，谁就是胜利者。 SECTION B ENGLISH TO CHINESE Directions: Translate the following text into Chinese. 44 I agree to some extent with my imagi
42、nary English reader. American literary historians are perhaps prone to view their own national scene too narrowly, mistaking prominence for uniqueness. They do over-phrase their own literature, or certainly its minor figures. And Americans do swing from aggressive over-phrase of their literature to
43、an equally unfortunate, imitative deference. But then, the English themselves are somewhat insular in their literary appraisals. Moreover, in fields where they are not preeminente. g. in painting and music they too alternate between boasting of native products and copying those of the Continent. How
44、 many English paintings try to look as though they were done in Paris; how many times have we read in articles that they really represent an English “tradition“ after all. To speak of American literature, then, is not to assert that it is completely unlike that of Europe. Broadly speaking, America a
45、nd Europe have kept step. At any given moment the traveler could find examples in both of the same architecture, the same style in dress, the same books on the shelves. Ideas have crossed the Atlantic as freely as men and merchandise, though sometimes more slowly. When I refer to American habit, tho
46、ughts, etc. , I intend some sort of qualification to precede the word, for frequently the difference between America and Europe (especially England) will be one of degree, sometimes only of a small degree. The amount of divergence is a subtle affair, liable to perplex the Englishman when he looks at
47、 America. He is looking at a country which in important senses grew out of his own, which in several ways still resembles his own and which is yet a foreign country. There are odd overlappings and abrupt unfamiliarities; kinship yields to a sudden alienation, as when we hail a person across the stre
48、et, only to discover from his blank response that we have mistaken a stranger for a friend. 三、 PART VI WRITING (45 MIN) Directions: Write a composition of about 400 words on the following topic. 44 Nowadays, some famous universities in China are permitted to enrol part of their students through interviews or some other forms of exams. The chosen students need not take part in the entrance examination, thus just waiting for the opening of the college life. Whether this method of enrolling students sho
