1、专业英语八级模拟试卷 746 及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture
2、. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 Money in America Money is used to buy goods or services and【 1】 _ debts. 【 1】_ In America, money supply
3、consists of【 2】 _ (paper 【 2】_ money), coins, and demand deposits 【 3】 _. 【 3】_ In a modern credit economy, money must possess two most important attributes: acceptability and【 4】 _. It also 【 4】_ has two legal attributes: legal tender and【 5】 _ 【 5】_ Money performs four main functions: a. standard
4、of value; b.【 6】 _; 【 6】_ c. store of value; d. standard of deferred payment. There are three partially conflicting theories of value for explaining the 【 7】 _ in the value of American money, 【 7】 _ namely the commodity, quantity and income theories. Coins are credit money or【 8】 _ money whereas 【 8
5、】_ paper money consists of Federal Reserve notes. Demand deposits are supplied depending on a banks total【 9】 _ 【 9】_ reserves. The Federal Reserve, or Fed, as a central bank,【 10】 _ and 【 10】_ controls the nations money supply and credit. 1 【 1】 2 【 2】 3 【 3】 4 【 4】 5 【 5】 6 【 6】 7 【 7】 8 【 8】 9 【
6、9】 10 【 10】 SECTION B INTERVIEW Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questi
7、ons. Now listen to the interview. 11 Paul Ray said they discovered that a clear cultural change was happening in many areas except_. （ A） peoples lives （ B） environmental issues （ C） consumption patterns （ D） media advertisements 12 According to Ray, the official culture is featured by _. （ A） small
8、 government （ B） dynamic media （ C） materialism （ D） the massive support from most Americans 13 Why do cultural creatives regard themselves alone in the society? （ A） They are seldom mentioned by mass media. （ B） They dont express themselves. （ C） They have to sacrifice many things which are parts o
9、f their old lives. （ D） All of the above. 14 Why are there so many women among Cultural Creatives, according to Ray? （ A） Because they are not burdened so much as men. （ B） Because they are more sensitive and feel more. （ C） Because they will push for change and for a better world because of their h
10、usbands. （ D） Because they have more intelligence and skills. 15 Ray said he had been an activist, involved in_. （ A） anti-discrimination movement （ B） environmental movement （ C） non-violence movement （ D） human rights movement SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST Directions: In this section you will hear ever
11、ything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. At the end of each news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. 16 How many school districts and the National Education Association criticize the law? （ A） three （ B） six （ C） nine （ D） four 17 What was
12、 Utahs response? （ A） It voted to approved the law （ B） It voted to submit to the federal education reform law when conflict happened （ C） It voted to quit its own education reform plan （ D） It voted to place top importance on its own school performance system 18 In 17th-century New England, almost
13、everyone believed in witches. Struggling to survive in a vast and sometimes unforgiving land, Americas earliest European settlers understood themselves to be surrounded by an inscrutable universe filled with invisible spirits, both benevolent and evil, that affected their lives. They often attribute
14、d a sudden illness, a household disaster or a financial setback to a witchs curse. The belief in witchcraft was, at bottom, an attempt to make sense of the unknown. While witchcraft was often feared, it was punished only infrequently. In the first 70 years of the New England settlement, about 100 pe
15、ople were formally charged with being witches; fewer than two dozen were convicted and fewer still were executed. Then came 1692. In January of that year, two young girls living in the household of the Reverend Samuel Parris of Salem Village began experiencing strange fits. The doctor identified wit
16、chcraft as the cause. After weeks of questioning, the girls named Tituba, Parriss female Indian slave, and two local women as the witches who were tormenting them. Judging by previous incidents, one would have expected the episode to end there. But it didnt. Other young Salem women began to suffer f
17、its as well. Before the crisis ended, 19 people formally accused others of afflicting them, 54 residents of Essex County confessed to being witches and nearly 150 people were charged with consorting with the devil. What led to this? Traditionally, historians have argued that the witchcraft crisis re
18、sulted from factionalism in Salem Village, deliberate faking, or possibly the ingestion of hallucinogens by the afflicted. I believe another force was at work. The events in Salem were precipitated by a conflict with the Indians on the northeastern frontier, the most significant surge of violence in
19、 the region in nearly 40 years. In two little-known wars, fought largely in Maine from 1675 to 1678 and from 1688 to 1699, English settlers suffered devastating losses at the hands of Wabanaki Indians and their French allies. The key afflicted accusers in the Salem crisis were frontier refugees whos
20、e families had been wiped out in the wars. These tormented young women said they saw the devil in the shape of an Indian. In testimony, they accused the witchesreputed ringleaderthe Reverend George Burroughs, formerly pastor of Salem Villageof bewitching the soldiers dispatched to fight the Wabanaki
21、s. While Tituba, one of the first people accused of witchcraft, has traditionally been portrayed as a black or mulatto woman from Barbados, all the evidence points to her being an American Indian. To the Puritan settlers, who believed themselves to be Gods chosen people, witchcraft explained why the
22、y were losing the war so badly. Their Indian enemies had the devil on their side. In late summer, some prominent New Englanders began to criticize the witch prosecutions. In response to the dissent, Governor Sir William Phips of Massachusetts dissolved in October the special court he had established
23、 to handle the trials. But before he stopped the legal process, 14 women and 5 men had been hanged. Another man was crushed to death by stones for refusing to enter a plea. The war with the Indians continued for six more years, though sporadically. Slowly, northern New Englanders began to feel more
24、secure. And they soon regretted the events of 1692. Within five years, one judge and 12 jurors formally apologized as the colony declared a day of fasting and prayer to atone for the injustices that had been committed. In 1711, the state compensated the families of the victims. And last year, more t
25、han three centuries after the settlers reacted to an external threat by lashing out irrationally, the convicted were cleared by name in a Massachusetts statute. Its a story worth rememberingand not just on Halloween. 18 Which of the following does NOT describe peoples understanding of universe and w
26、itchcraft? （ A） Existent. （ B） Mysterious. （ C） Scared. （ D） Fiendish. 19 The author adds that the witchcraft crisis of 1692 also arose from （ A） the clash between European settlers and the Indians. （ B） disagreements among European settlers in Salem. （ C） the delusion of the sick in Salem. （ D） the
27、 pretension of the sick in Salem. 20 “.one would have expected the episode to end there“ in the fourth paragraph means that （ A） things might not go from bad to worse. （ B） the doctor tried to cure fits. （ C） more people suffered from fits. （ D） the situation was further aggravated. 21 It can be inf
28、erred from the passage that （ A） Puritan settlers witnessed the witchcraft of American Indians. （ B） frontier refugees couldnt admit their own defeat. （ C） the early European settlers lacked the sense of security. （ D） hundreds of American Indians died of the witchcraft accusation. 22 A suitable tit
29、le for the passage would be （ A） The Significance of Salems Witch Trials. （ B） European Settlers and American Indians. （ C） The Reflection on the Details of Salems Witch Trials. （ D） Campaigning on the Indian Frontier. 一、 PART III GENERAL KNOWLEDGE (10 MIN) Directions: There are ten multiple-choice
30、questions in this section. Choose the best answer to each question. 23 Given the title of “Poet of the People“ , _ was recognized as the greatest poet of Victorian England. （ A） Eliot （ B） Tennyson （ C） Dickens （ D） Mrs. Gaskell 24 George Eliot was the pseudonym of_. （ A） Mary Ann Barton （ B） Mary A
31、nn Eliot （ C） Mary Ann Evans （ D） Mary Ann White 25 After the Glorious Revolution_was established in Britain. （ A） Feudalism and Aristocracy （ B） Constitutional Monarchy （ C） Absolute Anarchy （ D） Laissez Faire 26 The first capital of the young nation of the USA is _. （ A） Boston （ B） Philadelphia （
32、 C） New York （ D） Washington 27 Which is the capital city of Australia? （ A） Canberra. （ B） Melbourne. （ C） Sydney. （ D） Perth. 28 New Deal was the program of social and economic reforms introduced by President _. （ A） L.B.Johnson （ B） Franklin.D.Roosevelt （ C） Eisenhower （ D） Gerald R. Ford 29 Wher
33、e is Westminster Abbey? （ A） Scotland （ B） Wales. （ C） England （ D） Manchester. 30 In semantic studies, _ refers to the inherent meaning of the linguistic form. （ A） sense （ B） synonym （ C） homonym （ D） reference 31 Melvilles_ is an encyclopedia of everything, history, philosophy, religion, etc, in
34、addition to a detailed account of the operations of the whaling industry. （ A） The Old Man and the Sea （ B） Moby Dick （ C） White Jacket （ D） Billy Budd 32 In 1689, the Bill of Rights, which ensured that the King would never be able to ignore Parliament, was passed under the reign of （ A） Charles . （
35、 B） William of Orange. （ C） James . （ D） Oliver Cromwell. 二、 PART IV PROOFREADING they are the touchstones for the possibilities to which human thought and imagination may aspire; they carry the most profound messages that can be sent from one human to another. 三、 PART VI WRITING (45 MIN) Directions
36、: Write a composition of about 400 words on the following topic. 36 With the development of science and technology, more and more advanced products are used in modern society. Monitor, as a new gadget, has been installed in some classrooms. Some think it is useful to help students with their study,
37、and others think it caused many problems. What is your opinion? Write a composition of about 400 words on the following topic: Should Monitors Be Installed? 专业英语八级模拟试卷 746 答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. Whil
38、e listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWE
39、R SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 【听力原文】 Money in America Money is anything that is in general use in the purchase of goods and services and in the discharge of debts. Money may also be defined as an evidence of debt owed by society. The money supply in the United States consists o
40、f currency (paper money), coins, and demand deposit (checking accounts). Currency and coins are government-created money, whereas demand deposits are bank-created money. Of these three components of our money supply, demand deposits are by far the most important. Most of our money supply is invisibl
41、e, intangible, and abstract. The two most important inherent attributes that money must possess in a modern credit economy are acceptability and stability. In earlier times in the evolution of money and monetary institutions in the United States, the attributes of divisibility, portability, and visi
42、bility were important. The two legal attributes of “legal tender“ and “standard money“ are not of as much importance today as in the past. The four functions that money often performs are standard of value; medium of exchange; store of value; and standard of deferred payment. In a modern specialized
43、 economy and, most especially, are the most important of these. Although it is agreed that the value of money has fallen in the United States over time, there are three in part conflicting theories of value that have been advanced to explain this phenomenon; the commodity, quantity, and income theor
44、ies. Most economists today espouse either the second or more typically, the third of these. Any money can retain its value as long as its issuance is limited; it need not have a commodity backing. Inflation or rising prices have been explained by demand and/or supply theories in recent years, althou
45、gh historically the former has been thought to provide the more satisfactory explanation. Our presently circulating coins are credit money or token money in that the market value of metal in the coins is worth less than the face (or mint) value of the coins. Greshams Lawi.e. , bad money tends to dri
46、ve out good moneyexplains why coins with a greater market value than mint value cease circulating. Most of the paper money in the United States consists of Federal Reserve notes; the remaining minor types of paper money are called treasury currency. Demand deposits are bankcreated money, the supply
47、of which is limited to any single bank by the amount of its total legal reserves. If it lends more than the amount of its excess reserves it would have an adverse clearing balance. Modern fractional reserve banking grew out of the experiences of early goldsmiths who found that 100 percent reserves w
48、ere not needed with a reserve requirement ratio of say 20 percent, the banking system as a whole could expand its demand deposits in a 5: 1 ratio to its reserves. A monopoly bank could operate as does the entire banking system, since being the only bank it is, in effect, the entire banking system. If some money leaks out of the banking system, its coefficient of credit expansion is reduced from the 5: 1 ratio indicated above. The Federal Reserve, or Fed, is a central bank whose prime function is to monitor and control the nations money supply and credit through monetary policy i
