1、专业英语八级模拟试卷 792及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture.
2、 When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 The American Dream: Myth or Reality? Though the term “American Dream“ is widely used today, there exist m
3、any problems we seem unable to provide answers. A more important question arises: Is the American Dream a myth or a reality today? I . Introduction: the occurrence of “American Dream“ origin: first appeared in Horatio Algers novel, Ragged Dick the message from the novel: Everyone could succeed in Am
4、erica if they are hard working and【 B1】 _【 B1】 _ 【 B2】 _: the hope to have a better life and a higher living standard【 B2】_ II. Evolution: new versions and【 B3】 _of the term【 B3】 _ A. the basic definition mentioned above: desire to improve life in the past: started out on a smaller scale today: caus
5、es an out-of-control consumerism and materialism B. more【 B4】 _view: desire to create opportunities by hard working【 B4】_ hallmark: the classic “self-starter“ example; former President Abraham Lincoln C. associated with【 B5】 _and their stories【 B5】 _ Americans are fascinated by their stories. Americ
6、ans feel pride about their own families, who worked hard to create a better life for【 B6】 _.【 B6】 _ D. associated with westward expansion in the U.S. frontier: a vast expanse of【 B7】 _in the West【 B7】 _ positive side: opportunities for dreamers negative side【 B8】 displacement of_【 B8】 _ III . Recent
7、 interpretation: be relevant to【 B9】 _【 B9】 _ Dr. Martin Luther King: equal opportunities for all Americans a harsh reality: not everyone had the same opportunities a myth: if people were【 B10】 _opportunities for race, ethnic background,【 B10】 _ or gender. 1 【 B1】 2 【 B2】 3 【 B3】 4 【 B4】 5 【 B5】 6 【
8、 B6】 7 【 B7】 8 【 B8】 9 【 B9】 10 【 B10】 SECTION B INTERVIEW Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each o
9、f the following five questions. Now listen to the interview. 11 Why do gas prices not go down as economists predicted? （ A） Because of natural disasters. （ B） Because of a series of emergencies. （ C） Because of financial crisis. （ D） Because of import shortage. 12 According to the interview, in whic
10、h place are gas prices above the national average? （ A） Arizona. （ B） Colorado. （ C） New York. （ D） Louisiana. 13 According to the interview, how much did service fees rise to last year? （ A） $20. （ B） $12.08. （ C） $11.18. （ D） 12 14 Which of the following suggestions of avoiding minimum requirement
11、s is NOT mentioned? （ A） Choosing big corporations and entities. （ B） Signing up for direct deposit on time. （ C） Choosing some local credit unions. （ D） Choosing smaller, independent banks. 15 Which of the following statements about food prices is CORRECT? （ A） The price of vegetable is going down
12、in summer. （ B） All food prices are listed on the USDA website. （ C） Bread prices are marked down every day. （ D） Grains prices are going up because of the drought. SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions
13、 that follow. At the end of each news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. 16 Why was Paul Sadala, the leader of DRC militia, pursued? （ A） Because he was the leader of a militia that attacked a conservation project. （ B） Because he was responsible for the death of some rare a
14、nimals. （ C） Because he murdered six soldiers of a rival militia. （ D） Because he protested violently against the wildlife slaughter. 17 What is the special feature of the Golden Rice? （ A） It can increase the vitamin A level in human body. （ B） It can easily be absorbed by young children. （ C） It i
15、s the byproduct of a gene conversion project. （ D） It can grow ripe weeks earlier than usual rice. 18 Who started the research of the Golden Rice? （ A） German researchers. （ B） International Rice Research Institute. （ C） Philippine government. （ D） PhilRice. 19 Which of the following cities is the w
16、orlds third best place to live in? （ A） Vienna. （ B） Zurich. （ C） Munich. （ D） Frankfurt. 20 Which of the following is NOT listed as a decisive factor of the worlds most livable cities? （ A） The stability of the government. （ B） Good banking services. （ C） Convenient access to medical care. （ D） Low
17、 density of population. 20 Bullying can have harmful effects on childhood development, and the latest research reveals those detrimental influences may even stretch into adulthood, depending on how victims handle the trauma. Studies have documented higher rates of anxiety and panic attacks among vic
18、tims of bullying, and such experiences are increasingly linked to mental health and behavior problems later in life. The latest look at the legacy of bullying reveals its more practical consequences on everything from employment to social relationships. In the new research published in the journal P
19、sychological Science, a team of researchers from the University of Warwick and Duke University Medical Center studied 1,420 children between the ages nine to 16 who reported being victims of bullying, acting as bullies, or both(bully-victims). They also looked at a children not involved in bullying
20、as a control group. The students were questioned four to six times during the study, and when they were between 24 to 26 years old, they were evaluated on certain psychiatric measures, whether they engaged in risky or illegal behaviors, their wealth, and the status of their social relationships. The
21、 scientists found that people who were bullied were two times less likely to hold down a job and also had difficulty maintaining meaningful social relationships compared to those who did not experience bullying. The bullied participants also reported having a hard time keeping long term friendships
22、and staying in touch with their parents. Interestingly, the group that admitted to having the most problems with employment and relationships were the bully-victims. Previous work suggested that those who were bullied as children may become bullies themselves; part of the psychological legacy of bul
23、lying could include lack of emotional control or healthy coping mechanisms that may perpetuate the harmful behavior. The bully-victims had the highest rates of serious illness and unhealthy behaviors such as smoking. “The intensity of the emotional pain bullying elicits, and the fact that other peop
24、le underestimate how much hurt they feel makes being bullied an incredibly traumatic experience that can leave significant emotional scars,“ says psychologist Guy Winch, and author of “Emotional First Aid: Practical Strategies for Treating Failure, Rejection, Guilt, and Other Everyday Psychological
25、Injuries.“ And that emotional damage can have painful consequences; some brain imaging studies have shown that the sense of rejection caused by bullying activates the same pathways in the brain linked to physical pain. Such lasting effects of bullying highlight the importance of not only preventing
26、it but helping victims to develop proper coping mechanisms, say experts. The relationships children have at home, for example, can be critical for minimizing the lasting harm bullying can have, and addressing instances of bullying early can also limit profound psychological damage. According to Winc
27、h, addressing four potential harms of bullying can support victims in overcoming the experience and in holding back the negative effects: Find ways to revive their self-esteem and not descend into shame and self-hatred; Heal from the severe emotional pain; Manage the surges in anger and aggression t
28、hey are likely to feel, which can directed not only to others but to themselves as well; Restore their sense of belonging to reinforce feelings of being accepted, valued, and loved. “Some people are more resilient and tend to do some of these healing and curative things naturally. They might seek ou
29、t their close friends and get emotional support from them, and by doing so remind themselves that theyre accepted and appreciated,“ says Winch. For others, however, such strategies may be harder to adopt, and some children may instinctively withdraw and isolate themselves as a way to protect themsel
30、ves from further rejection. “But by doing so, they leave their psychological wounds untreated and increase their feelings of isolation,“ explains Winch. “It is this latter group that is more likely to develop problems that are long lasting.“ When it comes to addressing the effects of bullying, timin
31、g is everything, says Winch. As with other psychological trauma, recovery is more effective if healing begins as soon after the damaging experience as possible, before negative and harmful strategies can take hold. While victims of bullying can still heal from this trauma later in life, that path to
32、 recovery is far more difficult than finding healthy ways of coping soon after the bullying occurs. 21 Bullying could most probably cause victims to （ A） handle the trauma. （ B） stretch mentally. （ C） behave with anxiety. （ D） attack panic people. 22 What can be inferred from the new research publis
33、hed in the journal Psychological Science? （ A） Bullied participants were good at doing jobs. （ B） Bullied participants had difficulty getting legacy from their parents. （ C） Bullied participants had healthier emotional coping mechanisms. （ D） People in control group could keep jobs more easily than
34、other groups. 23 The emotional damage of the bullied people （ A） elicits the sense of guilt and rejection. （ B） causes their brains to feel great pains. （ C） intensifies the pains of their body scars. （ D） activates the physical pathways. 24 According to Winch, if a bullied person wants to overcome
35、his traumatic experience effectively, he has to （ A） talk with the bullies. （ B） keep away from the bullies. （ C） take curative measures early. （ D） avoid further rejections. 25 Some children find it harder to adopt Winchs healing strategies because （ A） they rely on their instinct to solve problems
36、. （ B） they are socially separated from other people. （ C） they are rejected by their friends and family. （ D） they have untreated psychological problems. 25 The latest hot topic among economic talking heads is the coming currency war. According to conventional wisdom, theres a risk that major count
37、ries willsimultaneouslytry to revive their sluggish economies by pushing down the value of their currencies. That strategy could backfire, according to this line of thought, stifling international trade, tipping economies back into recession, and possibly causing depression-style hyperinflation to b
38、oot. Get ready to sell apples on the nearest street corner and buy your morning coffee with a wheelbarrow full of paper money. It all sounds very unpleasant. But the dogs of war are unlikely to slip their leash . In a classic currency war, a country prints money, holds interest rates down, or interv
39、enes in foreign exchange markets in order to depress the value of its own currency. That makes the countrys exports cheaper and more attractive for foreign buyers. In theory, this can enable an economy to grow faster than would be possible on the basis of domestic demand alone. Only trouble is, if e
40、very country pursues a similar strategy, they all devalue their currencies at the same time and no country gains an advantage over its trading partners. It may look as though thats whats happening now, since many of the largest economies are following policies that could depress the value of their c
41、urrencies. But theyre doing so for fundamentally different reasonsto address domestic economic problems rather than to boost exports. And while this creates some real risks, they arent the ones that the term “currency war“ implies. Currency warsand trade wars generallyhave their origins in a 17th an
42、d 18th century economic theory known as mercantilism. The idea was that a countrys wealth comes from selling more than it buys. A colonial empire could achieve this positive balance of trade by acquiring cheap raw materials from its colonies and then ensuring that it exported more finished goods tha
43、n it imported. This was usually accomplished with tariffs that made imports very expensive. Such an approach couldnt work in the modern world. Countries dont get cheap raw materials from colonies anymore. They have to buy them especially oil on the open market. So while currency devaluation makes ex
44、ports cheaper for foreign buyers, it also makes essential imports more expensive. Countries with economies that are not fully developed may still depress their currencies to promote exports because they dont have sufficient domestic demand to sustain their growth. Japan has pushed its currency down
45、17% since September, reversing the yens appreciation over the previous three years. And the U.S. , as well as many European countries, advocate policies that appear to be aimed at devaluing their currencies, but theyre not doing it chiefly to foment a trade war. The Federal Reserves quantitative eas
46、ingbuying bonds to swell the money supplyis aimed principally at stimulating domestic demand. European advocates of a cheaper euro currency, meanwhile, are hoping to make national debt easier to finance, not trying to pump up exports. The actual point of current policies is to lower the real cost of
47、 money-that is, the effective interest rate that borrowers pay after inflation is taken into account in order to spur consumer spending and business investment. That reduction can be achieved by pushing down interest rates and by allowing inflation. So rather than seeing whats going on today as the
48、beginning of a global trade war, we should think about it as a side effect of economic stimulus. And in theory, as economies recover, the policies could be reversed before chronic inflation becomes entrenched. But as I said, there are risks to all this and in practice, inflation can easily get out o
49、f hand. There isnt a lot individuals can do to protect themselves against such a possibility. People about to retire should favor benefit options with the best cost-of-living increases. Real estate can be a smart buy now that prices are down so much, especially buying a home if its financially competitive with renting. Among financial investments, it makes sense to avoid long-term bonds because their payouts are fixed. So forget all the
