1、专业英语八级模拟试卷 794及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture.
2、 When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 Pre-course Lecture of “American Novel Since 1945“ To learn the lecture of “American Novel Since 1945“, so
3、me points should be paid attention to first. I . Introduction; the “American Novel Since 1945“ course A. essentially a【 B1】 _: open to both English majors and non-English majors【 B1】 _ B. challenge for students to【 B2】 _【 B2】 _ what to do with them; the aim of a novel except formal innovation; what
4、they are doing; whether call them literature inappropriate; how to【 B3】 _【 B3】_ that kind of novel with those that have more formal ambitions. II . The paper length A. two papers: both five-to-eight-page papers If youre actually【 B4】 _ what and how, theres a big difference【 B4】 _ between a five-page
5、 and an eight-page. If you just sort of the night before scribble, theres not that much difference except【 B5】 _.【 B5】 _ A five-page paper written well【 B6】 _ an eight-page paper written【 B6】_ poorly. Conclusion: The room is there for you to stretch out if you want to do that, instead of writing lon
6、g papers. B. the final exam Reading, coming to lecture, and【 B7】 _will help think a lot about these【 B7】_ novels. What you do with so many novels on syllabus:【 B8】 _some of the texts【 B8】_ earlier in the term III . Class form A. being filmed as part of the Yale Open Courses Initiative made available
7、 free to the public via【 B9】 _【 B9】 _ what you need to do is to forget about them the point: to do what we do and to show what we do B. asking you questions an annoying thing:【 B10】 _your answers【 B10】 _ 1 【 B1】 2 【 B2】 3 【 B3】 4 【 B4】 5 【 B5】 6 【 B6】 7 【 B7】 8 【 B8】 9 【 B9】 10 【 B10】 SECTION B INTE
8、RVIEW Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the int
9、erview. 11 What is the main duty of the Preventive Service Task Force? （ A） To make precautions against the spread of disease. （ B） To help public learn about the indicators of disease. （ C） To decide whether some medical checks are necessary. （ D） To judge if the doctors are qualified for what they
10、 do. 12 Which of the following is INCORRECT about the Preventive Service Task Force? （ A） It is set up by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. （ B） Their work are labor intensive. （ C） It aims to save money for the government. （ D） The conclusion of the group is baseel on evidence. 13 W
11、hy the Preventive Service Task Force was involved in a controversial issue in 2009? （ A） Because it said that early detection of breast cancer was not accurate enough. （ B） Because it warned that middle-age women are of high risk of breast cancer. （ C） Because it found that early detection of breast
12、 cancer may cause some harm. （ D） Because it only looked at the special age group of 40s. 14 According to the interviewee, what made the mammography screening decision “a perfect storm“? （ A） The timing of the release of the decision. （ B） The number of patients involved. （ C） The lack of solid evid
13、ence. （ D） The intervention of the Congress. 15 In which way has the Preventive Service Task Force made some changes? （ A） The way of getting their input. （ B） The channel to release information. （ C） The selection of members. （ D） The range of their focus. SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST Directions: In th
14、is section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. At the end of each news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. 16 According to the FTC study, when gas prices go down, （ A） buyers are at a loss no matter which station to
15、go. （ B） retailers usually make less profit than usual. （ C） economists will conduct studies on prices for FTC. （ D） convenience stores will probably serve more customers. 17 How many people have died of the disease? （ A） 2. （ B） 9. （ C） 14 （ D） 16 18 The health officials urged the public to （ A） re
16、port all the possible cases. （ B） avoid any contact in public places. （ C） wear special suits and masks. （ D） change bedding and clothing every day. 19 Bahraini opposition activists say a teenage boy （ A） was severely wounded by a tear gas canister. （ B） could be killed by the security forces. （ C）
17、was beaten to death by the protestors. （ D） was shot by a gun fired at close range. 20 Bahraini opposition activists have been protesting for （ A） peace and security in the nation. （ B） economic reforms in the island state. （ C） more say in the national affairs. （ D） democratic election of the ruler
18、s. 20 The world is planting a vigorous new crop: “agro-pessimism“, or fear that mankind will not be able to feed itself except by wrecking the environment. The current harvest of this variety of whine will be a bumper one. Natural disasters fire in Russia and flood in Pakistan, which are the worlds
19、fifth- and eighth-largest wheat producers respectivelyhave added a Biblical colouring to an unfolding fear of famine. By 2050 world grain output will have to rise by half and meat production must double to meet demand. And that cannot easily happen because growth in grain yields is flattening out, t
20、here is little extra farmland and renewable water is running short. The world has been here before. In 1967 Paul Ehrlich, a Malthusian, wrote that “the battle to feed all of humanity is over. In the 1970s and 1980s hundreds of millions of people will starve to death.“ Five years later, in “The Limit
21、s to Growth“, the Club of Rome(a group of business people and academics)argued that the world was running out of raw materials and that societies would probably collapse in the 21st century. A year after “The Limits to Growth“ appeared, however, and at a time when soaring oil prices seemed to confir
22、m the Club of Romes worst fears, a country which was then a large net food importer decided to change the way it farmed. Driven partly by fear that it would not be able to import enough food, it decided to expand domestic production through scientific research, not subsidies. Instead of trying to pr
23、otect farmers from international competition as much of the world still does it opened up to trade and let inefficient farms go to the wall. This was all the more remarkable because most of the country was then regarded as unfit for agricultural production. The country was Brazil. In the four decade
24、s since, it has become the first tropical agricultural giant and the first to challenge the dominance of the “big five“ food exporters(America, Canada, Australia, Argentina and the European Union). Even more striking than the fact of its success has been the manner of it. Brazil has followed more or
25、 less the opposite of the agro-pessimists prescription. For them, sustainability is the greatest virtue and is best achieved by encouraging small farms and organic practices. They frown on monocultures and chemical fertilisers. They like agricultural research but loathe genetically modified(GM)plant
26、s. They think it is more important for food to be sold on local than on international markets. Brazils farms are sustainable, too, thanks to abundant land and water. But they are many times the size even of American ones. Farmers buy inputs and sell crops on a scale that makes sense only if there ar
27、e world markets for them. And they depend critically on new technology. As the briefing explains, Brazils progress has been underpinned by the state agricultural-research company and pushed forward by GM crops. Brazil represents a clear alternative to the growing belief that, in farming, small and o
28、rganic are beautiful. That alternative commands respect for three reasons. First, it is magnificently productive. It is not too much to talk about a miracle, and one that has been achieved without the huge state subsidies that prop up farmers in Europe and America. Second, the Brazilian way of farmi
29、ng is more likely to do good in the poorest countries of Africa and Asia. Brazils climate is tropical, like theirs. Its success was built partly on improving grasses from Africa and cattle from India. Of course there are myriad reasons why its way of farming will not translate easily, notably that i
30、ts success was achieved at a time when the climate was relatively stable whereas now uncertainty looms. Still, the basic ingredients of Brazils success agricultural research, capital-intensive large farms, openness to trade and to new farming techniques should work elsewhere. Third, Brazil shows a d
31、ifferent way of striking a balance between farming and the environment. The country is accused of promoting agriculture by razing the Amazon forest. And it is true that there has been too much destructive farming there. But most of the revolution of the past 40 years has taken place in the cerrado,
32、hundreds of miles away. Norman Borlaug, who is often called the father of the Green Revolution, said the best way to save the worlds imperilled ecosystems would be to grow so much food elsewhere that nobody would need to touch the natural wonders. Brazil shows that can be done. It also shows that ch
33、ange will not come about by itself. Four decades ago, the country faced a farm crisis and responded with decisive boldness. The world is facing a slow-motion food crisis now. It should learn from Brazil. 21 “ Agro-pessimism“ refers to （ A） a new crop with more harvest. （ B） a sort of psychological d
34、isorder. （ C） contradiction between humans and nature. （ D） fear that humans will starve to death. 22 The examples in Paragraph Two are to support the idea that （ A） famine has happened long ago. （ B） the same thing happened before. （ C） humans are using up natural resources. （ D） warnings should be
35、 paid attention to. 23 Worried about inadequate imported food, Brazil （ A） supported inefficient farms financially. （ B） properly prevented international competition. （ C） let its farms go through fierce trials. （ D） exploited more land by scientific research. 24 According to the passage, Brazils fa
36、rming （ A） is an example of agro-pessimism. （ B） is a successful example to follow. （ C） sees productivity most important. （ D） succeeds solely by GM plants. 25 Which of the following is the most suitable title for this passage? （ A） Brazils Farming Mode Saves the World. （ B） Fear of Hunger Encloses
37、 the World. （ C） Booming Population Destructs the World. （ D） Science and Technology May Feed the World. 25 Azhar Usman, a stand-up comic, says he is a “very patriotic“ American Muslim. “I would die for this country,“ he declares. After a pause, he adds: “By blowing myself up.“ After another pause:
38、“Inside of a Dunkin Donuts.“ His largely white, liberal audience guffaws. But not everyone gets the joke: one furious listener thought he was advocating the murder of police officers, who apparently can often be found in doughnut shops. Asked what it is like being a Muslim in America, Mr. Usman says
39、 it depends on the headlines. When he heard about the young Nigerian who tried to down a Detroit-bound plane with a bomb strapped to his crotch, he says he felt two things: disgust at the perversion of Islam that teaches that mass murder is sacred, and a feeling of “Here we go again. “ Mr. Usman has
40、 a bushy beard, South Asian looks and the middle name “Muhammad“. At times like these, people like him attract fearful glances. It was worse after September 11th, 2001. Recorded hate crimes against Muslims soared. These were mostly non-violent the FBI reported no instances that year of an American M
41、uslim being murdered for his faith. But threats and vandalism are nasty enough. And Muslims endured countless slights that, while not worth reporting to the police, were vexing. Shabana Shakir-Ahmed, a suburban mother from Cincinnati, recalls chatting with a shop assistant not long after the twin to
42、wers fell. She does not wear the hijab, so the assistant did not at first realise she was Muslim. But when she saw the name on her credit card, her attitude stiffened. Mrs. Shakir-Ahmed had bought enough cosmetics to qualify for a free bag, but when she asked for it, the assistant said they were all
43、 gone, though there was a heap of them behind her. To an encouraging degree, Americas Muslims are well-off and well-integrated. A Gallup poll last year found them slightly more likely than other Americans to have jobs, and slightly more likely to be professionals. They are much more satisfied with t
44、heir lives than Muslims in France or Britain. According to a Pew poll, 72% say their communities are good places to live and 71% believe that most people who want to get ahead in America can do so if they work hard. Muslim Americans are somewhat less likely to vote than other groups, but they were e
45、lated when Barack Obama, a man with Muslim roots, was elected president. Many chafed when he ramped up the war in Afghanistan, but hardly any would prefer his predecessor. Overall, this is a far brighter picture than the headlines suggest. It is a diverse one, too. Asked about their race, a pluralit
46、y(35%)of American Muslims describe themselves as African-American. Another 28% say they are white, 18% say Asian and 18% tick “other“. Racial disparities among Muslims roughly mirror those in the broader society. Asian-American Muslims are better educated and earn more than African-American ones, fo
47、r example. And an immigrant Muslim dentist will have quite different experiences from a black American who converted while in jail. Dalia Mogahed of Gallups Centre for Muslim Studies argues that because American Muslims are so well integrated, they strongly reject terrorism. This is true, but not un
48、iformly so. Muslim Americans under 30 are twice as likely as their elders to believe that suicide-attacks on civilians in defence of Islam are sometimes justified(15% versus 6%, according to Pew). There is a marked streak of alienation among black Muslims, only 36% of whom say they have a “very unfa
49、vourable“ view of al-Qaeda. Only a minority of Muslim Americans believe that Arab Muslims carried out the attacks of September 11th, 2001. Among those who express alarming views, only a tiny fraction will do anything terrible. Most of those who speak approvingly of suicide-bombing are no doubt thinking of wars in far-off lands, rather than blowing up the local mall. But it does not take many terrorists to cause mayhem. Major Nidal Hasa
