1、专业英语八级模拟试卷 80及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture.
2、When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 Norms: Types and Acceptance Sociologists find that to understand a culture, it is very important to unders
3、tand its norms. . Definition of “Norms“ They are the【 1】 standards of behaviour maintained by a society. 【 1】 _. . Types of Norms Norms are distinguished in two ways: A. Formal and informal norms Formal norms are generally【 2】 and involve strict rules for punishment of violators. 【 2】 _. One example
4、 is laws. Informal norms are generally【 3】 but are not precisely recorded. 【 3】 _. Standards of proper dress are an example. B. Mores and folkways Mores embody the most valuable【 4】 of a people and are regarded highly necessary 【 4】 _. to the welfare of a society. Examples are mores against【 5】 and
5、treason. 【 5】 _. Folkways govern【 6】 and the violation cause relatively little concern. 【 6】_. They are important in shaping peoples daily behaviour. . Acceptance of Norms People in a culture normally follow its norms, but they are not followed in all situations. A. In some cases, people evade a wea
6、kly-enforced norm. 【 7】 is an example 【 7】 _. B. In some instances norms are violated because one norm【 8】 with another.【 8】_. For-example, your intervening of your neighbours improper behaviour. C. Any norm has【 9】 【 9】 _. Eaves-dropping and self-defence are examples. D. Acceptance of norms is subj
7、ected to【 10】 【 10】 _. Womens role is an example. 1 【 1】 2 【 2】 3 【 3】 4 【 4】 5 【 5】 6 【 6】 7 【 7】 8 【 8】 9 【 9】 10 【 10】 SECTION B INTERVIEW Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an i
8、nterview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the interview. 11 The interview is mainly about _. （ A） economic globalization （ B） legal profession in the context of globalization （ C） legal profession （ D） economic ma
9、tters in the context of globalization 12 According to the interview, what is the major difference between China and Britain in terms of legal systems? （ A） Different cultural background. （ B） Less legislation, more legislation. （ C） Different processes. （ D） Socialist society, capitalist society. 13
10、 According to the interview, a global lawyer should possess the following skills except _. （ A） advocacy skills （ B） persuasive skills （ C） facilitating skills （ D） supporting skills 14 According to the passage, which is the best way to cultivate cultural awareness? （ A） One should spend time as muc
11、h as possible in the target culture. （ B） One should make more foreign friends. （ C） One should be confident in himself in dealing with cultural matters. （ D） One should communicate well with foreign clients. 15 Chinese law firms, compared with their western counterparts, lack _. （ A） individual tal
12、ents （ B） teamwork （ C） work-related experience （ D） communicative skills SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. At the end of each news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the ques
13、tions. 16 The demonstration took place in _. （ A） Berlin （ B） Mainz （ C） Washington D.C. （ D） Germony 17 The motto of this demonstration is “_.” （ A） Terrorist No. 1 （ B） Bush swim home （ C） Not welcome, Mr. Bush （ D） Take away Bush 18 Whats true about Chinas family planning policies? （ A） Not work
14、well. （ B） Increase the population number. （ C） Delay the increase of population （ D） It will not exist in the year 2030. 19 According to the passage, which statement is NOT true? （ A） Putin says Russia will support any option of reforming the UNs Security Council approved by consensus. （ B） Putin m
15、ade the remarks before talks with French President and German Chancellor. （ C） Russia will continue supporting Germany as candidate to the seat of permanent member of the UN Security Council. （ D） Chirac and Schroeder came to Kaliningrad to mark the 750th anniversary of the exclaves founding. 20 How
16、 many cultural sites have been proposed for inscription on the World Heritage List? （ A） 42 （ B） 28 （ C） 10 （ D） 4 20 They sparkle and glitter in the light. No other rocks are so hard. They are very valuable. It might cost thousands and thousands of dollars to buy just one. Most are found in the gro
17、und. The largest ore ever discovered is as big as a mans fist. But most are tiny. Theyre diamonds! For hundreds of years men have risked their lives searching for diamonds. To many the discovery of this glittering treasure has seemed more important than the discovery of new lands. Fairy stories tell
18、 of brave knights who battled fierce dragons and evil wizards to win kingdom rich with diamonds. In the Tower of Ion- don in England, there is a very special room protected by guards. There, inside a thick glass case, are jeweled crowns once worn by kings and queens. People from all over the world c
19、ome to see the shimmering diamonds and other precious stones that shine from behind the glass. Most diamonds seem to flash with a kind of white fire. But there are diamonds that sparkle in other colors, too. Sometimes diamonds are discovered in gravel at the bottom of rivers and streams. (To get the
20、se diamonds, the gravel is sucked up through giant hoses that act like vacuum cleaners.) Diamonds are found in rivers, on land, and in great stretches of hot desert sand. A few small ones are even found or near meteorites that strike the ground from outer space. But most diamonds are found in rocks
21、deep inside the diamond mines of Africa. The diamonds were made millions and millions of years ago when flaming volcanoes melted a mineral called carbon which was a part of these rocks. Gigantic earthquakes shook the rock and pressed them tightly together. The hot melted carbon in the rock squeezed
22、at the same time-squeezed so tightly that by the time it cooled, it had changed into the lovely hard gems called diamonds. To get at these valuable diamond rocks, workers ride in an elevator that goes down and down into the blackness far below the ground. Tunnels connect this deep shaft with the ope
23、nings-called pipes-inside the ancient volcanoes. When they are first dug from the mines, diamonds dont glitter or sparkle as they do when we see them in rings or other jewelry. They look more like dull bits of glass. A man who knows all about diamonds-a diamond cutter-must cut them just right. Diamo
24、nds are so hard that nothing can cut them except the edge of an- other diamond. Using his diamond-edged tools, the diamond cutter carefully removes tiny pieces so that the diamond will have many sharp edges and smooth surfaces-like little windows. It is because of these shaft edges and smooth surfac
25、es that the diamond reflects light, sparkles and flashes with tiny bursts of color, and seems almost ablaze with fire. Diamond cutters often use diamond saws. The fine powder-diamond dust-that is left after the sa- wing is done can be used in a kind of sandpaper to polish the sparking gems. Not all
26、diamonds are clear enough or pretty enough or large enough to be made into jewelry. But because they are so hard, they can be used for other things, such as points for drills and needles for record player. These diamonds are called industrial diamonds. Some of them are man made. Carbon is heated unt
27、il it is hot and then squeezed. If men ever learn how to make it hot enough and to squeeze it tightly enough, they will probably be able to make big diamonds. Then maybe diamonds will be cheap enough to use as buttons on your shirt or coat! (610) 21 The following are the characters of diamonds EXCEP
28、T _. （ A） they sparkle and glitter in the light （ B） they are very hard （ C） they are very valuable （ D） they are tiny 22 Why knights fought bravely to win kingdoms rich with diamonds? （ A） Diamonds are very valuable. （ B） They want to become the richest man. （ C） They think it is more important to
29、discover diamonds than to discover new lands. （ D） They are eager for jeweled crowns. 23 Most diamonds can be found _. （ A） in Africa （ B） in gravel at the bottom of rivers and streams （ C） in desert sand （ D） in or near meteorites 24 Diamonds are so hard that only _ can cut it. （ A） a man who knows
30、 all about diamonds （ B） diamond-edged tools （ C） a special cutter （ D） diamond cutter 25 Except jewelry, diamonds can be used as _. （ A） crown （ B） industrial diamonds （ C） shirt （ D） coat 25 Proponents of different jazz styles have always argued that their predecessors, musical style did not inclu
31、de essential characteristics that define jazz as jazz. Thus, 1940s swing was belittled by beboppers of the 1950s, who were themselves attacked by free jazzers of the 1960s. The neoboppers of the 1980s and 1990s attacked al- most everybody else. The titanic figure of black saxophonist John Coltrane h
32、as complicated the arguments made by proponents of styles from bebop through neobop because in his own musical journey he drew from all those styles. His influence on all types of jazz was immeasurable. At the height of his popularity, Coltrane largely abandoned playing bebop, the style that had bro
33、ught him fame, to explore the outer reaches of jazz. Coltrane himself probably believed that the only essential characteristic of jazz was improvisation, the one constant in his journey from bebop to open-ended improvisations on modal, Indian, and African melodies. On the other hand, this dogged stu
34、dent and prodigious technician-who insisted on spending hours each day practicing scales from theory books-was never able to jettison completely the influence of bebop, with its fast and elaborate chains of notes and ornaments on melody. Two stylistic characteristics shaped the way Coltrane played t
35、he tenor saxophone, and he favored playing fast runs of notes built on a melody and depended on heavy, regularly accented beats. The first led Coltrane to “sheets of sound“ where he raced faster and faster, pile-driving notes into each other to suggest stacked harmonies. The second meant that his se
36、nse of rhythm was almost as close to rock as to bebop. Three recordings illustrate Coltranes energizing explorations. Recording Kind of Blue with Miles Davis, Coltrane found himself outside bop, exploring modal melodies. Here he played surging, lengthy solos built largely around repeated motifs-an o
37、rganizing principle unlike that of free jazz saxophone player Ornette Coleman, who modulated or altered melodies in his solos. On Giant Steps, Coltrane debuted as leader, introducing his own compositions. Here the sheets of sound, downbeat accents, repetitions, and great speed are part of each solo,
38、 and the variety of the shapes of his phrases is unique. Coltranes searching explorations produced solid achievement. My Favorite Things was another kind of watershed. Here Coltrane played the soprano saxophone, an instrument seldom used by jazz musicians. Musically, the results were astounding. Wit
39、h the sopranos piping sound, ideas that had sounded dark and brooding acquired a feeling of giddy fantasy. When Coltrane began recording for the Impulse! label, he was still searching. His music became raucous, physical. His influence on rockers was enormous, including Jimi Hendrix, the rock guitari
40、st, who following Coltrane, raised the extended guitar solo using repeated motifs to a kind of rock art form. (451) 26 The primary purpose of the passage is to _. （ A） discuss the place of Coltrane in the world of jazz and describe his musical explorations （ B） examine the nature of bebop and contra
41、st it with improvisational jazz （ C） acknowledge the influence of Coltranes music on rock music and rock musicians （ D） discuss the arguments that divide the proponents of different jazz styles 27 According to the passage, John Coltrane did all of the following during his career EXCEPT _. （ A） impro
42、vise on melodies from a number of different cultures （ B） spend time improving his technical skills （ C） experiment with the sounds of various instruments （ D） eliminate the influence of bebop on his own music 28 The author mentions the work of Ornette Coleman in the fourth paragraph in order to _.
43、（ A） expand the discussion by mentioning the work of a saxophone player who played in Coltranes style （ B） compare Coltranes solos with the work of another jazz artist （ C） support the idea that rational organizing principles need to be applied to artistic work （ D） indicate disagreement with the wa
44、y Coltrane modulated the motifs in his lengthy solos 29 According to the passage, a major difference between Coltrane and other jazz musicians was the _. （ A） degree to which Coltranes music encompassed all of jazz （ B） repetition of motifs that Coltrane used in his solos （ C） number of his own comp
45、ositions that Coltrane recorded （ D） importance Coltrane placed on rhythm in jazz 30 In terms of its tone and form, the passage can best be characterized as _. （ A） dogmatic explanation （ B） indignant denial （ C） enthusiastic praise （ D） lukewarm review 30 Many objects in daily use have clearly been
46、 influenced by science, but their form and function, their dimensions and appearance, were determined by technologists, artisans, designers, inventors, and engineers using non-scientific modes of thought. Many features and qualities of the objects that a technologist thinks about can- not be reduced
47、 to unambiguous verbal descriptions; they are dealt with in the mind by a visual, nonverbal process. In the development of Western technology, it has been non-verbal thinking, by and large, that has fixed the outlines and filled in the details of our material surroundings. Pyramids, cathedrals, and
48、rockets exist not because of geometry or thermodynamics, but because they were first a picture in the minds of those who built them. The creative shaping process of a technologists mind can be seen in nearly every artifact that exists. For example, in designing a diesel engine, a technologist might impress individual ways of nonverbal thinking on the machine by continually using an intuitive sense of rightness and fitness. What would be the shape of the combustion chamber? Where should the valves be placed? Should it have a long or short piston? Such questions have a ran
