1、专业英语八级模拟试卷 822及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture.
2、 When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 Evaluating Speaking Speaking is a complex act with many different elements interacting to produce effecti
3、ve communication, so we consider some things that speakers need to be able to do when we want to evaluate this skill accurately. Five aspects are listed as follows. I. Phonological features of speech A.【 B1】 _ consonants, vowels, diphthongs【 B1】 _ B. stressed and weak sounds in words C. stressed and
4、 weak words in speech D.【 B2】 _【 B2】 _ E.【 B3】 _ falling, rising, flat, etc.【 B3】 _ F. features of connected speech II. Following the rules of language A. choosing the right vocabulary B. using grammar structures C. using features of discourse:【 B4】 _, coherence【 B4】 _ III.【 B5】 _【 B5】 _ A. non-verb
5、al tools: gestures and【 B6】 _【 B6】 _ B. other body language: eye contact, posture, positioning, etc. C.【 B7】 _: whispering, shouting, etc.【 B7】 _ IV. Communicative functions A. functions of vocabulary and grammar B. functions of intonation and moving stress C. recognizing features such as repetition
6、s, re-phrasing, pauses, etc D. recognizing non-linguistic features such as changes in【 B8】 _【 B8】 _ V. Social meaning A.【 B9】 _languages【 B9】 _ B. connotation language C. direct and indirect language D. important social factors: social status, age, gender E.【 B10】 _: turn taking, exchanges【 B10】 _ F
7、. other rules 1 【 B1】 2 【 B2】 3 【 B3】 4 【 B4】 5 【 B5】 6 【 B6】 7 【 B7】 8 【 B8】 9 【 B9】 10 【 B10】 SECTION B INTERVIEW Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of th
8、e interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the interview. 11 For a nuclear power reactor operator, which of the following statements is CORRECT? （ A） He can get the highest salary of $103,000 a year. （ B） He must have a high school diploma
9、in that field. （ C） He needs work for three years at the power station. （ D） He can take an exam administered by the power plant. 12 According to the interview, what is the personal trainers average pay? （ A） $51,000 （ B） $103,000 （ C） $141,000 （ D） $142,000 13 Which of the following statements abou
10、t a pastry chef is INCORRECT? （ A） His salary is gradually raised every year. （ B） He had at least 150 hours of training. （ C） His median pay is the highest on the list. （ D） He must have employees working for him. 14 Which of the following topics is discussed during the interview? （ A） An electrici
11、an can earn $104,000 a year. （ B） An electrician neednt get a license. （ C） Handyman must have a high school diploma. （ D） Handyman needs rich experience. 15 Which of the following requirements about massage therapist is mentioned? （ A） About 500 hours of training. （ B） An actual associates degree.
12、（ C） A professional qualification certificate. （ D） A set of perfect facilities. SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. At the end of each news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer t
13、he questions. 16 Which of the following will be most influenced by the rise in grain prices? （ A） Countries dependent on agricultural imports. （ B） Countries dependent on agricultural exports. （ C） Countries that benefit from stronger dollars. （ D） Countries that benefit from weaker dollars. 17 The
14、opposition National Transitional Council thought Colonel Gaddafi was most likely in_. （ A） the Tripoli area （ B） the border area of Algeria （ C） the capital of Algeria （ D） his hometown of Sirte 18 Which of the following is CORRECT about Colonel Gaddafis hometown? （ A） It is the last place that he c
15、an get some protection. （ B） His wife and daughter have fled to the place. （ C） His supporters have prepared armored vehicles for him. （ D） The opposition is facing tough resistance there. 19 Greeces three-party coalition has agreed to_. （ A） negotiate with EU and International Monetary Fund lenders
16、 （ B） spend 11.5bn less in the next two years （ C） drop its objections to reductions in pensions （ D） accept the former finance ministers demand 20 Mr. Venizelos believed that Greece should . （ A） slow down the spending cut （ B） carry out its bailout package faster （ C） bring down the new government
17、 （ D） set a more realistic target 20 Barack Obama invited a puzzling group of people into the White House: university presidents. What should one make of these strange creatures? Are they chief executives or labour leaders? Heads of pre-industrial guilds or champions of one of Americas most successf
18、ul industries? Defenders of civilisation or merciless rack-renters? Whatever they might be, they are at the heart of a political firestorm. Anger about the cost of college extends from the preppiest of parents to the grungiest of Occupiers. Mr. Obama is trying to channel the anger, to avoid being si
19、deswiped by it. The White House invitation complained that costs have trebled in the past three decades. Arne Duncan, the secretary of education, has urged universities to address costs with “much greater urgency“. A sense of urgency is justified: ex-students have debts approaching $1 trillion. But
20、calm reflection is needed too. Americas universities suffer from many maladies besides cost. And rising costs are often symptoms of much deeper problems: problems that were irritating during the years of affluence but which are cancerous in an age of austerity. The first problem is the inability to
21、say “no“. For decades American universities have been offering more of everything more courses for undergraduates, more research students for professors and more rock walls for everybody on the merry assumption that there would always be more money to pay for it all. The second is Ivy League envy. T
22、he vast majority of American universities are obsessed by rising up the academic hierarchy, becoming a bit less like Yokel-U and a bit more like Yale. Ivy League envy leads to an obsession with research. This can be a problem even in the best universities: students feel short-changed by professors f
23、ixated on crawling along the frontiers of knowledge with a magnifying glass. At lower-level universities it causes dysfunction. American professors of literature crank out 70,000 scholarly publications a year, compared with 13,757 in 1959. Most of these simply moulder: Mark Bauerlein of Emory Univer
24、sity points out that, of the 16 research papers produced in 2004 by the University of Vermonts literature department, a fairly representative institution, 11 have since received between zero and two citations. The time wasted writing articles that will never be read cannot be spent teaching. In “Aca
25、demically Adrift“ Richard Arum and Josipa Roksa argue that over a third of Americas students show no improvement in critical thinking or analytical reasoning after four years in college. Popular anger about universities costs is rising just as technology is shaking colleges to their foundations. The
26、 Internet is changing the rules. Star academics can lecture to millions online rather than the chosen few in person. Testing and marking can be automated. And for-profit companies such as the University of Phoenix are stripping out costs by concentrating on a handful of popular courses as well as ma
27、king full use of the Internet. The Sloan Foundation reports that online enrolments grew by 10% in 2010, against 2% for the sector as a whole. Many universities first instinct will be to batten down the hatches and wait for this storm to pass. But the storm is not going to pass. The higher-education
28、industry faces a stark choice: either adapt to a rapidly changing world or face a future of cheeseparing. It is surely better to rethink the career structure of your employees than to see it wither(the proportion of professors at four-year universities who are on track to win tenure fell from 50% in
29、 1997 to 39% ten years later). And it is surely better to reform yourself than to have hostile politicians take you into receivership. A growing number of universities are beginning to recognise this. They understand that the beginning of wisdom in academia, as in business in general, is choosing wh
30、at not to do. They are in recovery from their Ivy League envy. They are also striking up relations with private-sector organisations. And a growing number of foundations, such as the Kauffman Foundation, are doing their best to spread the gospel of reform and renewal. 21 As to anger about the cost o
31、f college, Mr.Obamas attitude is most likely to be （ A） apparent. （ B） prudent. （ C） equivocal. （ D） aggressive. 22 What does the fourth paragraph mainly talk about? （ A） It continues to analyze the problems. （ B） It confirms the seriousness of the problem. （ C） It introduces the background of Ameri
32、can universities. （ D） It shows challenges universities are confronted with. 23 The italicized part “students feel short-changed by professors“(Para. 5)probably means （ A） students worry about what professors do research on. （ B） students feel its not worth the price theyve paid for study. （ C） stud
33、ents are obsessed with too much research. （ D） students suffer from different mental problems. 24 All the following are mentioned in the passage to deal with problems of college EXCEPT （ A） active reform. （ B） sensible choices. （ C） structural adjustments. （ D） cost reduction. 25 The best title for
34、the passage is （ A） Mr.Obamas Dilemma. （ B） Universities Rising Cost. （ C） Universities Challenges. （ D） Anger about College. 25 Bill Gates, then still Microsofts boss, was nearly right in 2004 when he predicted the end of spam in two years. Thanks to clever filters unsolicited e-mail has largely di
35、sappeared as a daily nuisance for most on the Internet. But spam is still a menace: blocked at the e-mail inbox, spammers post messages as comments on websites and increasingly on social networks like Twitter and Facebook. The criminal businesses behind spam are competitive and creative. They vault
36、over technical fixes as fast as the hurdles are erected. The anti-spam industry has done laudable work in saving e-mail. But it is always one step behind. When filters blocked missives with tell-tale words such as “Rolex“ or “Viagra“, spammers misspelled them. When filters blocked mail from suspect
37、network addresses, the spammers used botnets(networks of hijacked computers)instead. In the end, the software industrys interest is in making money from the problem(by selling subscriptions to regular security updates)rather than tackling it at its source. Law-enforcement agencies have had some succ
38、ess shutting down spam-control servers in America and the Netherlands. Even Russia, where much of the worlds spam is spawned, has shown signs of co-operation. But as one place becomes unfriendly, spammers move somewhere else. Internet connections in poor and ill-run countries are improving faster th
39、an the authorities there can police them. That wont end soon. In any case, the real problem is not the message, but the link. Sometimes an unwise click leads only to a website that sells counterfeit pills. But it can also lead to a page that infects your computer with a virus or another piece of mal
40、icious software that then steals your passwords or uses your machine for other nefarious purposes. Spam was never about e-mail: it was about convincing us to click. To the spammer, it is moot whether the link is e-mailed, tweeted or liked. The police are doing what they can, and software companies k
41、eep on tightening security. But spam is not just a hack or a crime, it is a social problem, too. If you look beyond the computers that lie between a spammer and his mark, you can see all the classic techniques of a con-man: buy this stock, before everyone else does. Buy these pills, this watch, chea
42、per than anyone else can. The spammer plays upon the universal human desire to believe that we are smarter than anyone gives us credit for, and that things can be had for nothing. As in other walks of life, people become wiser and take precautions only when they have learned what happens when they d
43、ont. That is why the spammers new arena social networks is so effective. People follow Twitter feeds from people they would like to know and make “friends“ on Facebook whom they do not know at all. Hijack one such account, and you can exploit a whole network of trusting and trusted contacts. A few f
44、iddles might help, such as tougher default privacy settings on social networks. But the real problem is man, not the machine. Public behaviour still treats the Internet like a village, in which new faces are welcome and anti-social behaviour a rarity. A better analogy would be a railway station in a
45、 big city, where hustlers gather to prey on the credulity of new arrivals. Wise behaviour in such places is to walk fast, avoid eye contact and be brusque with strangers. Try that online. 26 “They vault over technical fixes as fast as the hurdles are erected“(Para. 1)probably means that hackers （ A）
46、 are constantly trying to overcome technical problems. （ B） immediately find a way to break into others computers. （ C） get excited to fix technical problems they have faced. （ D） tend to install technical barriers in others computers. 27 Which of the following statements is INCORRECT? （ A） Spammers
47、 are able to counteract filters. （ B） The software industry benefits from spammers. （ C） The anti-spam industry lags behind spammers. （ D） Spammers prefer to send e-mails in Russia. 28 We know from the passage that when we receive e-mails, we should （ A） recognize the counterfeit websites. （ B） watc
48、h out for malicious software. （ C） be cautious of clicking the link attached. （ D） take particularly care of social networks. 29 Which of the following contains a metaphor? （ A） .treats the Internet like a village. （ B） .the classic techniques of a con-man. （ C） .prey on the credulity of new arrival
49、s. （ D） .be brusque with strangers. 30 The author wants to tell us that （ A） alertness can best counter spam and criminals sending it. （ B） technology can solve the problem of spam to a certain degree. （ C） Internet users should have confidence in dealing with spam. （ D） spam will in the end disappear from the Internet. 30 It had occurred to her early that in her position that of a young person spending, in framed and wired confinem
