1、专业英语八级模拟试卷 855及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE In this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the mini-lecture, please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s) you
2、 fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking. You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task. 0 Evaluating Speaking I. What to evaluate A. _【 T1】 _ targets: the individual sounds stressed and weak sounds in words and speech _a
3、nd intonation patterns【 T2】 _ standard: a typical listeners_【 T3】 _ B. rules of language rules: structure, lexis and discourse evaluator: providing suitable tasks and a suitable_【 T4】 _ targets: -_【 T5】 _ grammatical structure -_【 T6】 _ etc. C. _devices【 T7】 _ targets: use of eye contact and facial
4、expression, gestures problems with evaluation: standards and_【 T8】 _ D. communicative functions targets: the ability to choose specific_【 T9】 _ intonation and stress changes in_【 T10】 _ etc. for the purpose of communication evaluator: observation and comparison against a standard E. _【 T11】 _ target
5、s: the ability to use formal and informal language the degree of_【 T12】 _ understanding of conversational principals and rules evaluator: providing suitable tasks which recreate_【 T13】 _ such as status and age II. How to evaluate A. the use of an effective format for evaluation to_various elements【
6、T14】 _ B. reducing the impact of emotional factors C. practical concerns around available resources D. _【 T15】 _ III. Conclusion 1 【 T1】 2 【 T2】 3 【 T3】 4 【 T4】 5 【 T5】 6 【 T6】 7 【 T7】 8 【 T8】 9 【 T9】 10 【 T10】 11 【 T11】 12 【 T12】 13 【 T13】 14 【 T14】 15 【 T15】 SECTION B INTERVIEW In this section you
7、 will hear ONE interview. The interview will be divided into TWO parts. At the end of each part, five questions will be asked about what was said. Both the interview and the questions will be spoken ONCE ONLY. After each question there will be a ten-second pause. During the pause, you should read th
8、e four choices of A , B , C and D , and mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO. You have THIRTY seconds to preview the questions. （ A） How to have a happy and interesting Halloween. （ B） How to deal with treats and candies after Halloween. （ C） How to be environment-friendly on Ha
9、lloween. （ D） How to get along with kids on Halloween. （ A） A movement. （ B） An agency. （ C） A magazine. （ D） A TV serial. （ A） Solar lights can be used to make a ghost. （ B） Solar power ghosts can be very creepy. （ C） Solar power ghosts start to glow when the sun rises. （ D） Ghosts with solar light
10、s save more energy. （ A） Light emitting diode. （ B） Leading edge devices. （ C） Lead emitting diode. （ D） Light emitting dioxide. （ A） To show it is not hot. （ B） To show it is safe. （ C） To show it is cheap and solid. （ D） To show it lasts more hours. （ A） The host would like to do it. （ B） The host
11、 is not sure. （ C） The host turns it down. （ D） The host refuses it politely. （ A） Solar power. （ B） Air source heat. （ C） Wind power. （ D） Electricity. （ A） Because itll cause trouble for the landfill. （ B） Because it should be recycled. （ C） Because it is a waste of money. （ D） Because its still u
12、seful, as planter perhaps. （ A） Black cats. （ B） Monsters. （ C） Bats. （ D） Glowing stones. （ A） Because it contains the antioxidant in dark chocolate. （ B） Because it is quite effective in making Halloween looks. （ C） Because it helps to deal with the unneeded chocolates. （ D） Because it is cheap an
13、d effective. SECTION A MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS In this section there are several passages followed by fourteen multiple-choice questions. For each multiple-choice question, there are four suggested answers marked A , B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer. 25 Of the French wr
14、iters of romance of the latter part of the nineteenth century no one made a reputation as quickly as did Guy de Maupassant. Not one has preserved that reputation with more ease, not only during life, but in death. None so completely hides his personality in his glory. In an epoch of the utmost publi
15、city, in which the most insignificant deeds of a celebrated man are spied, recorded, and commented on, the author of “ Boule de Suif“ , of Pierre et Jean, of Notre Coeur, found a way of effacing his personality in his work. Of De Maupassant we know that he was born in Normandy: that he was the favor
16、ite pupil, if one may so express it, the literary protege, of Gustave Flaubert: that he made his debut with a novel inserted in a small collection, published by Emile Zola and his young friends, under the title: “The Soirees of Medan“ : that subsequently he did not fail to publish stories and romanc
17、es every year up to 1891: and that he finally died in 1893 without having recovered his reason. We know, too, that he passionately loved a strenuous physical life and long journeys, particularly long journeys upon the sea. He owned a little sailing yacht, named after one of his books, Bel-Ami, in wh
18、ich he used to sojourn for weeks and months. These meager details are almost the only ones that have been gathered as food for the curiosity of the public. I leave the legendary side, which is always in evidence in the case of a celebrated man that gossip, for example, which avers that Maupassant wa
19、s a high liver and a worldling. The very number of his volumes is a protest to the contrary. One could not write so large a number of pages in so small a number of years without the virtue of industry, a virtue incompatible with habits of dissipation. This does not mean that the writer of these grea
20、t romances had no love for pleasure and had not tasted the world, but that for him these were secondary things. The psychology of his work ought, then, to find an interpretation other than that afforded by wholly false or exaggerated anecdotes. And first, what does that anxiety to conceal his person
21、ality prove, carried as it was to such an extreme degree? The answer rises spontaneously in the minds of those who have studied closely the history of literature. The absolute silence about himself, preserved by one whose position among us was that of a Tourgenief, or of a Merimee, and of a Moliere
22、or a Shakespeare among the classic great, reveals, to a person of instinct, a nervous sensibility of extreme depth. There are many chances for an artist of his kind, however timid, or for one who has some grief, to show the depth of his emotion. To take up again only two of the names just cited, thi
23、s was the case with the author of Terres Vierges, and with the writer of Colomba. A somewhat minute analysis of the novels and romances of Maupassant would suffice to demonstrate, even if we did not know the nature of the incidents which prompted them, that he also suffered from an excess of nervous
24、 emotionalism. His imagination aims to represent the human being as imprisoned in a situation at once insupportable and inevitable. The spell of this grief and trouble exerts such a power upon the writer that he ends stories commenced in pleasantry with some sinister drama. This is the leading trait
25、 in the literary physiognomy of Maupassant, as it is the leading and most profound trait in the psychology of his work, viz, that human life is a snare laid by nature, where joy is always changed to misery, where noble words and the highest professions of faith serve the lowest plans and the most cr
26、uel egoism, where chagrin, crime, and folly are forever on hand to pursue implacably our hopes, nullify our virtues, and annihilate our wisdom. Maupassant has been called a literary nihilist but in him nihilism finds itself coexistent with an animal energy so fresh and so intense that for a long tim
27、e it deceives the closest observer. In an eloquent discourse, pronounced over his premature grave, Emile Zola well defined this illusion: “ We congratulated him,“ said he, “ upon that health which seemed unbreakable, and justly credited him with the soundest constitution of our band, as well as with
28、 the clearest mind and the sanest reason. It was then that this frightful thunderbolt destroyed him.“ It is not exact to say that the lofty genius of De Maupassant was that of an absolutely sane man. We comprehend it today, and, on re-reading him, we find traces everywhere of his final malady. But i
29、t is exact to say that this wounded genius was, by a singular circumstance, the genius of a robust man. A physiologist would without doubt explain this anomaly by the coexistence of a nervous lesion, light at first, with a muscular, athletic temperament. Whatever the cause, the effect is undeniable.
30、 The skilled and dainty pessimism of De Maupassant was accompanied by a vigor and physique very unusual. His sensations are in turn those of a hunter and of a sailor, who have, as the old French saying expressively puts it, “swift foot, eagle eye“ , and who are attuned to all the whisperings of natu
31、re. 26 From the fourth paragraph, we get the impression that_. （ A） Maupassant was a high liver and a worldling （ B） Maupassant had legendary stories （ C） Maupassant had written many volumes of works （ D） Maupassant had no love for pleasure 27 According to the passage, Maupassant died_. （ A） before
32、expected time （ B） when he was very old （ C） when he published his last romance （ D） before he could finish his last romance 28 Throughout the passage, Maupassant seems to be all the following EXCEPT_. （ A） reputable （ B） robust （ C） defiant （ D） exceptionally creative 28 Cities are often described
33、as being alive. A nice metaphor, but does it mean anything? And, if it does, can town planners and biologists learn from one another? Steven Strogatz, a mathematician at Cornell University, wrote last year that Manhattan and a mouse might just be variations on a single structural theme. His point wa
34、s that both are, in part, composed of networks for transporting stuff from one place to another. Roads, railways, water and gas mains, sewage pipes and electricity cables all move things around. So do the blood vessels of animals and the sap-carrying xylem and phloem of plants. How far can the analo
35、gy be pushed? Peter Dodds of the University of Vermont draws a particular analogy between the blood system and a suburban railway network. The commuter-rail system of a city ramifies from the centre. The farther out you go, the sparser it is. By analogy, Dr. Dodds predicted, the network of capillari
36、es would not be as dense in large animals as it is in small ones. They, too, branch ultimately from a central source the heart. Surprisingly, no one had looked for this before, but in a paper published recently in Physical Review Letters Dr. Dodds shows that this does indeed turn out to be the case.
37、 Dr. Doddss calculations overthrow a 70-year-old rule of thumb which is known as the 3/4 law of metabolism. This suggests energy expenditure is proportional to body mass raised to the power of three-quarters. That a mouse expends more energy per gram than an elephant does is well known. But Dr. Dodd
38、ss calculations show that metabolic rates must fall off faster than had previously been believed as animals get bigger because less glucose than thought is being transported by the smaller than predicted capillary network. The law needs to be adjusted to something more like two-thirds. Two other stu
39、dies published in the same volume similarly overthrow conventional wisdom about plants. Traditionally, biologists have celebrated the trunk, branch and twig system of a tree as no accident. Many mathematical formulas have suggested it is the best, least wasteful way to design a distribution network.
40、 But the very end of such a network, the leaf, has a different architecture. Unlike the xylem and phloem, the veins in a leaf cross-link and loop. Francis Corson of Rockefeller University in New York used computer models to examine why these loops exist. From an evolutionary point of view, loops see
41、m inefficient because of the redundancy inherent in a looped network. Dr. Corsons models show, however, that this inefficiency is true only if demand for water and the nutrients it contains is constant. By studying fluctuations in demand he discovered one purpose of the loops: They allow for a more
42、nuanced delivery system. Flows can be rerouted through the network in response to local pressures in the environment, such as different evaporation rates in different parts of a leaf. The leaf, then, is a resilient distribution network one whose principles could be applied to, say, electricity grids
43、. Next time your power is cut off because a tree has fallen on the cable, remember that. 29 Which of the following statements is INCORRECT? （ A） The farther out capillaries go from the heart, the sparser they are. （ B） Cities are described as being alive as plants and animals. （ C） Like blood vessel
44、s, xylem and phloem can move things around. （ D） The commuter-rail system is dense at the centre. 30 The word “capillary“ in the second paragraph means_. （ A） the tiny blood vessels that permeate tissues （ B） the main arteries that transport blood （ C） the tiny veins that are connected to the heart
45、（ D） the broad blood vessels that carry blood 31 Which of the following has NOT pushed Steven Strogatzs analogy that Manhattan and a mouse might be variations on a single structural theme? （ A） An analogy drawn by Dr. Dodds. （ B） The 3/4 law of metabolism. （ C） Dr. Corsons computer models. （ D） Two
46、other studies published recently in Physical Review Letters. 32 Dr. Corsons models suggest that_. （ A） the looped network of leaf veins is inefficient to meet a constant need for water （ B） the looped network of leaf veins allows for a more nuanced delivery system （ C） the redundancy in a looped net
47、work of leaf veins is inherent （ D） different local pressures in the environment are inevitable 32 Ben Buchanan made absolutely sure his schedule would be clear this week. Like millions of Americans, the Texas teen is devouring the 672 pages of Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince, the sixth book
48、in the uberpopular series by J. K. Rowling. And thats quite a feat in Buchanans case. When he got the first Harry Potter book as a Christmas present back in 1998, he was struggling with dyslexia. “ I just thought it would be another book I wouldnt like,“ says Buchanan, who was ready to toss it out w
49、ith the wrapping paper. Then his mom read the first chapter aloud to him, and he was determined to conquer his first “real“ book. As the world eagerly cracks open the newest volume, whose initial U.S. run of 10.8 million copies is a publishing record, the true mystery isnt the identity of the royal figure in the title. Its what impact these bo
