1、专业英语八级模拟试卷 87及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture.
2、When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 When Germany invaded Poland, Britain and France declared war on Germany. Then the U.S (l) _ in debate. 【 1
3、】 _. Roosevelt asked congress to amend the【 2】 _ Act 【 2】 _. in order to help the “non-aggressive【 3】 _.“ 【 3】 _. Most Americans now saw Hitler as a great danger to the world. Before the Hitler-Stalin pact in August, the U.S. Communist Party had favored changing the Act. Now they joined the 【 4】 _ a
4、nd others railing against U.S. involvement in Europes war.【 4】 _. The Party【 5】 _ newspaper, the Daily Worker, 【 5】 _. editorialized that the people of the world wanted peace, and the Daily Worker was suggesting that atrocities by Germanys National Socialists were no worse than British atrocities in
5、 India.In the spring of 1940, Churchill was complaining in【 6】 _ that the United States was giving Britain too little help, and isolationists in the U.S. were continuing their campaign against involvement abroad. 【 6】 _. Americans were surprised by Hitlers move westward, especially against peaceful
6、Norway. In responding to Hitlers new invasions, Roosevelt spoke of Americas anger and【 7】 _ isolationism again. 【 7】 _. In July, 1940, the Battle of Britain began. In the United States an aroused public rushed to buy【 8】 _. 【 8】 _. “God Bless America“ began being sung at sporting events, school meet
7、ings and at gatherings for bingo. In late October the U.S. began【 9】 _ men into the military. 【 9】 _. But Charles Lindbergh believed that if the United States defeated Germany, it would result in the【 10】 _ of all European civilization. 【 10】 _. 1 【 1】 2 【 2】 3 【 3】 4 【 4】 5 【 5】 6 【 6】 7 【 7】 8 【 8
8、】 9 【 9】 10 【 10】 SECTION B INTERVIEW Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five
9、questions. Now listen to the interview. 11 The interviewees first job was with （ A） a newspaper. （ B） the government. （ C） a construction firm. （ D） a private company. 12 The interviewee is not self-employed mainly because （ A） his wife likes him to work for a firm. （ B） he prefers working for the g
10、overnment. （ C） self-employed work is very demanding. （ D） self-employed work is sometimes insecure. 13 To study architecture in a university one must （ A） be interested in arts. （ B） study pure science first. （ C） get good exam results. （ D） be good at drawing. 14 On the subject of drawing the inte
11、rviewee says that （ A） technically speaking artists draw very well. （ B） an artists drawing differs little from an architects, （ C） precision is a vital skill for the architect. （ D） architects must be natural artists. 15 The interviewee says that the job of an architect is （ A） more theoretical tha
12、n practical. （ B） to produce sturdy, well-designed buildings. （ C） more practical than theoretical. （ D） to produce attractive, interesting buildings. SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow.
13、At the end of each news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. 16 Which of the following statements is TRUE? （ A） Five gunmen were flown to Iran in a helicopter. （ B） Most of the ransom was retrieved in the end. （ C） The children were held for five days. （ D） The authorities hav
14、e passed sentence on the gunmen. 17 According to the news, American troops in Panama （ A） were attacked at refugee camps. （ B） were angry at delays in departure. （ C） attacked Cuban refugee camps last week. （ D） will be increased to 2,000. 18 Which of the following statements is CORRECT? US lawmaker
15、s （ A） challenged the accord for freezing Pyongyangs nuclear programme. （ B） required the inspection of Pyongyangs nuclear site for at least five years. （ C） were worried that North Korea may take advantage of the concessions. （ D） blamed the US negotiator for making no compromises with-North Korea.
16、 19 According to the news, the Italian Parliament was asked to act by （ A） the U.N. （ B） the Red Cross. （ C） the Defence Minister. （ D） the Swedish Government. 20 On the issue of limited use of land mines, the Italian Parliament is （ A） noncommittal. （ B） resolute. （ C） unsupportive. （ D） wavering.
17、20 Pundits who want to sound judicious are fond of warning against generalizing. Each country is different, they say, and no one story fits all of Asia. This is, of course, silly. all of these economies plunged into economic crisis within a few months of each other, so they must have had something i
18、n common. In fact, the logic of catastrophe was pretty much the same in Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia and South Korea. (Japan is a very different story. ) In each case investors - mainly, but not entirely, foreign banks who had made short-term loans - all tried to pull their money out at the same ti
19、me. The result was a Combined banking and currency crisis: a banking crisis because no bank can convert all its assets into cash on short notice; a currency crisis because panicked investors were trying not only to convert long term assets into cash, but to convert baht or rupiah into dollars. In th
20、e face of the stampede, governments had no good options. If they let their currencies plunge, inflation would soar and companies that had borrowed in dollars would go bankrupt; if they tried to support their currencies by pushing up interest rates, the same firms would probably go bust from the comb
21、ination of debt burden and recession. In practice, countries split the difference - and paid a heavy price regardless. Was the crisis a punishment for bad economic management? Like most cliches, the catchphrase “crony capitalism“ has prospered because it gets at something real: excessively cozy rela
22、tionships between government and business really did lead to a lot of bad investments. The still primitive financial structure of Asian business also made the economies peculiarly vulnerable to a loss of confidence. But the punishment was surely disproportionate to the crime, and many investments th
23、at look foolish in retrospect seemed sensible at the time. Given that there were no good policy options, was the policy response mainly on the right track? There was frantic blame-shifting when everything in Asia seemed to be going wrong; now there is a race to claim credit when some things have sta
24、rted to go right. The International Monetary Fund points to Koreas recovery - and more generally to the fact that the sky didnt fall after all - as proof that its policy recommendations were right. Never mind that other IMF clients have done far worse, and that the economy of Malaysia- which refused
25、 IMF help, and horrified respectable opinion by imposing capital controls - also seems to be on the mend. Malaysias Prime Minister, by contrast, claims full credit for any good news - even though neighbouring economies also seem to have bottomed out. The truth is that an observer without any ax to g
26、rind would probably conclude that none of the policies adopted either on or in defiance Of the IMFs advice made much difference either way. Budget policies, interest rate policies, banking reform - whatever countries tried, just about all the capital that could flee, did. And when there was no more
27、money to run, the natural recuperative powers of the economies finally began to prevail. At best, the money doctors who purported to offer cures provided a helpful bedside manner; at worst, they were like medieval physicians who. prescribed bleeding as a remedy for all ills. Will the patients stage
28、a full recovery? It depends on exactly what you mean by “full“. South Koreas industrial production is already above its pre-crisis level; but in the spring of 1997 anyone who had predicted zero growth in Korean industry over the next two years would have been regarded as a reckless doomsayer. So if
29、by recovery you mean not just a return to growth, but one that brings the regions performance back to something like what people used to regard as the Asian norm, they have a long way to go. 21 “Pundits“ in the first paragraph is closest in meaning to （ A） economists. （ B） bankers. （ C） industrialis
30、ts. （ D） financiers. 22 According to the passage, which of the following is NOT the writers opinion? （ A） Countries paid a heavy price for whichever measure taken. （ B） Countries all found themselves in an economic dilemma. （ C） Withdrawal of foreign capital resulted in the crisis. （ D） Most governm
31、ents chose one of the two options. 23 The writer thinks that those Asian countries （ A） well deserved the punishment. （ B） invested in a senseless way at the time. （ C） were unduly punished in the crisis. （ D） had bad relationships between government and business. 24 It can be inferred from the pass
32、age that IMF policy recommendations （ A） were far from a panacea in all cases. （ B） were feasible in their recipient countries. （ C） failed to work in their recipient countries. （ D） were rejected unanimously by Asian countries. 25 At the end of the passage, the writer seems to think that a full rec
33、overy of the Asian economy is （ A） due. （ B） remote. （ C） imaginative. （ D） unpredictable. 25 Low self-esteem pops up regularly in academic reports as an explanation for all sorts of violence, from hate crimes and street crimes to terrorism. But despite the popularity of the explanation, not much ev
34、idence backs it up. In a recent issue of Psychological Review, three researchers examine this literature at length and conclude that a much stronger link connects high self-esteem to violence. “It is difficult to maintain belief in the low self-esteem view after seeing that the more violent groups a
35、re generally the ones with higher self-esteem,“ write Roy Baumeister of Case Western Reserve University and Laura Smart and Joseph Boden of the University of Virginia. The conventional view is that people without self-esteem try to gain it by hurting others. The researchers find that violence is muc
36、h more often the work of people with unrealistically high self-esteem attacking others who challenge their self-image. Under this umbrella come bullies, rapists, racists, psychopaths and members of street gangs and organized crime. The study concludes: “Certain forms of high self-esteem seem to incr
37、ease ones proneness to violence. An uncritical endorsement of the cultural value of self-esteem may therefore be counterproductive and even dangerous The societal pursuit of high self esteem for everyone may literally end up doing considerable harm. As for prison programmes intended to make violent
38、convicts feel better about themselves, “perhaps it would be better to try instilling modesty and humility,“ the researchers write. In an interview with the Boston Globe, Baumeister said he believes the “self“ promoting establishment is starting to crumble. “What would work better for the country is
39、to forget about self-esteem and concentrate on self-control,“ he said. In the schools, this would mean turning away from psychic boosterism and emphasizing self-esteem as a by-product of real achievement, not as an end in itself. The self-esteem movement, still entrenched in schools of education, is
40、 deeply implicated in the dumbing down of our schools, and in the spurious equality behind the idea that it is a terrible psychic blow if one student does any better or any worse than another. Lets hope it is indeed crumbling. 26 The researchers find that there are stronger connections between （ A）
41、low self-esteem and violence. （ B） low self-control and violence. （ C） high self-image and violence. （ D） high self-control and violence. 27 The researchers would most probably agree with the following EXCEPT （ A） self-esteem should be promoted and encouraged. （ B） schools should change their concep
42、t of self-esteem. （ C） the traditional view is beginning to lose ground. （ D） prisons should change their present practice. 27 Social change is more likely to occur in heterogeneous societies than in homogeneous ones, simply because there are more diverse points of view available in the former. Ther
43、e are more ideas, more conflicts of interest, and more groups and organizations of different persuasions. In addition, there is usually a greater worldly interest and tolerance in heterogeneous societies. All these factors tend to promote social change by opening more areas of life to decision rathe
44、r than subjecting them to authority. In a quite homogeneous society, there are fewer occasions for people to perceive the need or the opportunity for change, because everything seems to be the same and, if not satisfactory, at least customary and undisputed. Within a society, social change is also l
45、ikely to occur more frequently and more readily (1) in the material aspects of the culture than in the non-material, for example, in technology rather than in values; (2) in what has been learned later in life rather than what was learned early; (3) in the less basic, less emotional, or less sacred
46、aspects of society than in their opposites, like religion or a system of prestige; (4) in the simple elements rather than in the complex ones; (5) in form rather than in substance; and (6) in elements congenial to the culture rather than in strange elements. Furthermore, social change is easier if i
47、t is gradual. For example, it comes more readily in human relations on a continuous scale rather than one with sharp dichotomies. This is one reason why change has not come more quickly to Black Americans as compared to other American minorities, because of the sharp difference in appearance between
48、 them and their white counterparts. 28 According to the passage, the main difference between a homogeneous society and a heterogeneous one lies in （ A） the number of opportunities offered. （ B） the nature of conflicts of interest. （ C） the awareness of the need for change. （ D） the role of social or
49、ganizations. 29 The author would most probably agree that changes are more likely to be successful in （ A） production methods. （ B） ideological concepts. （ C） religious beliefs. （ D） social behaviour. 29 One argument used to support the idea that employment will continue to be the dominant form of work, and that employment will eventually become available for all who
