1、专业英语八级（听力）模拟试卷 14及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lectu
2、re. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 The Skills Required to Get a Job I. Academic skills: basic foundation 1. Communication skills Understa
3、nd and speak the languages in【 B1】 _【 B1】 _ Be a good listener Read written materials 【 B2】 _【 B2】 _ 2. Thinking skills Think【 B3】 _ and act logically【 B3】 _ e.g. technology, physical science, the arts, skilled trades, social science, etc. 3. Learning skills e.g. learn to use some new software after
4、 a few tutorials II. Personal【 B4】 _ skills: combination of attitudes, skills and behaviors【 B4】_ 1. Positive attitudes and behaviors Have good self-esteem and confidence Be honest, have integrity and【 B5】 _【 B5】 _ Have positive attitudes toward work, learning, etc. Be energetic and【 B6】 _【 B6】 _ 2.
5、 Responsibility Set goals and priorities Plan and manage time, money, etc. 3. Adaptability Have a positive attitude toward【 B7】 _ in the job【 B7】 _ III. Teamwork skills: skills to work with others co-operatively 1. Importance of teamwork Bring more resources to the problem situation Be more【 B8】 _ a
6、nd morale boosting than individual work【 B8】 _ 2. How to improve teamwork skills Involved in the group Be【 B9】 _ and listen to others【 B9】 _ Be a leader rather than a(n)【 B10】 _【 B10】 _ 1 【 B1】 2 【 B2】 3 【 B3】 4 【 B4】 5 【 B5】 6 【 B6】 7 【 B7】 8 【 B8】 9 【 B9】 10 【 B10】 10 Different Types of Learning I
7、. The definition of learning A. A process of people experiencing relationship between events B.【 B1】 _ of subjects changing behavior【 B1】 _ C. A process of recognizing how action changes environment II. Two basic stages of learning A.【 B2】 _: gradual process with trial and error【 B2】 _ B. Maintenanc
8、e: acting on the new information【 B3】 _【 B3】 _ HI. Four types of learning A. Instrumental or operant learning The common one in dog training Behavior produces event which can be a(n)【 B4】 _ or negative experience【 B4】 _ Dogs repeat the behavior when rewarded by the experience Humans get burned when
9、touching a hot stove Events/consequences change the behavior B. Classical/respondent【 B5】 _【 B5】 _ Learning that things go together Dogs begin【 B6】 _ when hearing the bell rings【 B6】 _ The first form of learning is demonstrated experimentally For humans, its likely to rain when its cloudy C.【 B7】 _
10、learning【 B7】 _ Also called single event learning Events are【 B8】 _【 B8】 _ Dogs wont perk up ears when hearing an irrelevant noise People get【 B9】 _ to noises【 B9】 _ D. Social learning As a result of being in social groups Chimpanzees learning how to【 B10】 _ by watching【 B10】 _ People learn from oth
11、ers Frequently occurs in a situation of social hierarchy or being dynamic 11 【 B1】 12 【 B2】 13 【 B3】 14 【 B4】 15 【 B5】 16 【 B6】 17 【 B7】 18 【 B8】 19 【 B9】 20 【 B10】 20 Story Telling I. Status of story telling A. In the past provided cultural【 B1】 _【 B1】 _ provided moral education B. Today stories ar
12、e still much valued as a way to deliver a personal, 【 B2】 _ message【 B2】 _ II. Function and criteria of stories A. To capture the interest of the audience, story teller has to take the needs of the【 B3】 _ into account.【 B3】 _ tailor the story to fit a. the time available b. the age of the audience c
13、. the location and【 B4】 _【 B4】 _ B. Good stories are complete stories with a(n)【 B5】 _【 B5】 _ C. Adding a twist to make the ending【 B6】 _ will definitely【 B6】 _ make the story more fun III. Sources of stories A. The sources of stories can be various B. The best source is the story tellers own【 B7】 _
14、, because it【 B7】 _ sounds true has a greater【 B8】 _【 B8】 _ IV. Presentation of stories A. Before giving a story publicly memorize the【 B9】 _【 B9】 _ pay attention to key points, events and names try to tell the story in your own words B. When telling the story keep every thing in control and establi
15、sh your【 B10】 _【 B10】 _ watch your speaking speed and use gestures as needed 21 【 B1】 22 【 B2】 23 【 B3】 24 【 B4】 25 【 B5】 26 【 B6】 27 【 B7】 28 【 B8】 29 【 B9】 30 【 B10】 专业英语八级（听力）模拟试卷 14答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ON
16、CE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling
17、task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 【听力原文】 The Skills Required to Get a Job Good morning, everyone. In todays lecture, I will talk about the skills required to get a good job. Well, it is true that now competition for employment is more so than ever. So it begs the obvio
18、us question, how do you stand out? There will be three main points I will be discussing. They are academic, personal management, and teamwork skills. I will give you examples of these skills, and reasons why these skills are important for you to get a job. First of all, academic skills. Academic ski
19、lls are probably the most important skill you will need to get a job. It is one of the or the first thing an employer looks for in an employee. They are skills which give you the basic foundation to acquire, hold on to, and advance in a job, and to achieve the best results. Academic skills can be fu
20、rther divided into three sub-groups: communication, thinking, and learning skills. Communication skills require you to understand and speak the languages in which business is conducted. You must be a good listener, and be able to understand things easily. One of the most important communicating skil
21、ls should be reading. You should be able to comprehend and use written materials including things such as graphs, charts, and displays. One of the newest things we can add to communicating skills would be the Internet, since it is so widely used all around the world, and hence you should have a good
22、 understanding of what it is and how to use it. Then, thinking skills. Thinking critically and acting logically to evaluate situations will get you far in your job. Thinking skills consist of things such as solving mathematical problems, using new technology, instruments, tools, and information syst
23、ems effectively. Some examples of these would be technology, physical science, the arts, skilled trades, social science, and much more. After that, learning is very important for any job. For example, if your company gets some new software, you must be able to learn how to use it quickly and effecti
24、vely after a few tutorials. You must continue doing this for the rest of your career. It is one thing that will always be useful in any situation, not just jobs. The second major job skill I want to discuss is management skills. Personal management skill is the combination of attitudes, skills, and
25、behaviors required to get, keep, and progress on a job and to achieve the best results. Personal management skills can be further divided into three sub-groups just as academic skills, which are positive attitudes and behaviors, responsibility, and adaptability. Positive attitudes and behaviors are
26、also very important to keep a job. You must have good self-esteem and confidence in yourself. You must be honest, have integrity, and personal ethics. You must show your employer you are happy at what you are doing and have positive attitudes toward learning, growth, and personal health. Show energy
27、 and persistence to get the job done, these can help you to get promoted or a raise. Responsibility and adaptability are also essential. Responsibility is the ability to set goals and priorities in work and personal life. It is the ability to plan and manage time, money, and other resources to achie
28、ve goals, and accountability for actions taken. While adaptability means having a positive attitude toward changes in your job, and recognition of respect for peoples diversity and individual differences. Creativity is also important. You must have the ability to identify and suggest new ideas to ge
29、t the job done. Last but not least, I want to emphasize teamwork skills. Employers now focus on employees teamwork skills simply because teams can bring more talent, experience, knowledge and skill to the problem situation and teamwork can be more satisfying and morale boosting for people than worki
30、ng alone. There are two reasons. First, team recommendations are more likely to be carried out than recommendations by an individual because people are more willing to support an effort that they have helped to develop. Second, teams can react to a variety of problems that are beyond the technical c
31、ompetence of an individual, since teams can be composed of individuals cross department and division lines. Teamwork skills are those skills needed to work with others co-operatively on a job and to achieve the best results. You should show your employer youre able to work with others, understand an
32、d contribute to the organizations goals. Involve yourself in the group, make good decisions with others and support the outcomes. Dont be narrow-minded, listen to what others have to say and give your thoughts toward their comments. Be a leader not a loner in the group. In conclusion, I would like t
33、o say that all these skills I have discussed are critical to getting and keeping a job and to achieve the best results possible for you. Of these skills though academic skills would be the most important skills you will learn, I think. So if you keep at these skills you will be happy with what you a
34、re doing unlike a lot of people who are forced to get jobs that they do not like. After you get a desirable job, here comes the second question on how to advance in the job you have already acquired. Of course this is the topic we shall discuss in the next lecture. Thank you for your attention. 【知识模
35、块】 听力 1 【正确答案】 workplace 【试题解析】 讲座的主题是 “the skills required to get a good job(获得好工作的技能 )”。其中第一点是 academicskills，它包括 communication skills、 thinking skills和 learning skills。演讲人认为， communication skills要求人们在工作场合 (in which business is conducted)能够听懂并运用语言。根据题目要求，每个空格最多填 3个单词，故将 in which business is conduc
36、ted浓缩为 workplace一词。 【知识模块】 听力 2 【正确答案】 Use the Internet 【试题解析】 演讲人在谈论 communication skills的最后一个方面时提到了Internet。并认为， Internet是可以作为一个添加在沟通技巧中的新内容。根据题目规律，空格处应填一个动宾短语，故填 Use the Internet。 【知识模块】 听力 3 【正确答案】 critically 【试题解析】 在谈到 thinking skills时，演讲人提到，用批判式思考和逻辑行为来评估形势能让你在工作中走得更远。题目中已给出 act logically，故填与
37、think搭配的 critically。 【知识模块】 听力 4 【正确答案】 management 【试题解析】 讲座的第二点为 personal management，这在讲座一开始便提到，随后在讲座中也再次提及，此题不难。表示顺序或层次的词 句后是要点，当听到The second major job skill 时就要立刻做记录。 【知识模块】 听力 5 【正确答案】 personal ethics 【试题解析】 在谈到 positive attitudes and behaviors时，演讲者认为除了自尊和自信外，还应诚实、正直、有道德。题目已给出前两项内容，故应填入 personal
38、 ethics。 【知识模块】 听力 6 【正确答案】 persistent 【试题解析】 在谈到 positive attitudes and behaviors时，演讲者最后提到要展现活力和耐力来完成工作。空格处应填人与 energetic并列的形容词，故将原文中的persistence改为 persistent。 【知识模块】 听力 7 【正确答案】 changes 【试题解析】 在谈到 adaptability时，演讲人称，适应性意味着对工作的变化持乐观态度。对应题目，填 changes。 【知识模块】 听力 8 【正确答案】 satisfying 【试题解析】 讲座的第三点为 tea
39、mwork skills。讲座分别从其重要性和如何提升团队技能两方面讨论。在谈到重要性时说到，团队技能能给团队带来更多的才能、经验等资源，还能让团队更令人满意、士气更为高涨。空格处缺少的是satisfying一词。 【知识模块】 听力 9 【正确答案】 open-minded 【试题解析】 在提到提升团队技能时，演讲人呼吁 dont be narrow-minded，题目空格前为 Be，故填入 open-minded。 【知识模块】 听力 10 【正确答案】 loner 【试题解析】 演讲者还呼吁， be a leader not a loner in the group，题目中的rather
40、 than对应原文的 not，填 loner。 【知识模块】 听力 10 【听力原文】 Different Types of Learning Good morning, everybody. Today, Im going to talk about learning. Lets start with the definition of learning. Then what is learning? We define learning as a process where a living being experiences certain relationships between e
41、vents and is able to recognize an association between events, and as a consequence the subjects behavior changes because of that experience. Or, more simply, learning is the process of recognizing how a living beings actions change its environment, other beings actions, etc. All living things can le
42、arn, even goldfish! There are two basic stages of learning: acquisition and maintenance. When an individual is first learning something, this is called the acquisition stage. This stage of learning is not all or none; rather, it is usually gradual. You may have heard someone use the phrase trial and
43、 error. Once armed with new information, an individual will act on the new information when it is appropriate. This is known as the maintenance stage. Learning begins to plateau during the maintenance stage. Learning is done in four types: Instrumental learning, which is more commonly known as opera
44、nt conditioning, classical conditioning, non-associative learning, and social learning. Operant conditioning is a form that may be very familiar to you if you have ever trained a dog. The majority of learning is some form of operant conditioning. The simplest way to explain this type of learning is
45、that behavior produces events. An event can be a rewarding experience or a negative experience. As a result of such events the behavior changes. A dog learns that his behavior has consequences and that he can control what happens to him by behaving in certain ways, or refraining from behaving in tho
46、se ways. If your dog raids the garbage, he is rewarded by this experience by getting tidbits of food, and is more likely to repeat the behavior. Human beings are also products of this learning. We learn from a young age that if we touch a hot stove, well get burned. If we put on a raincoat, well sta
47、y dry. This form of learning is characterized by Thorndikes Law of Effect. The law states that if the consequence is pleasant the preceding behavior becomes more frequent, whereas if the consequence is unpleasant, the behavior will diminish and in some cases become extinct. Classical conditioning is
48、 another form of learning that is increasing in popularity. This type of learning results from learning that certain things go together. This learning was demonstrated by the Russian physiologist, Ivan Pavlov. In an investigative experiment, Pavlov was able to demonstrate in dogs that salivation could be started by non-food stimuli such as bells, buzzers, and tones. In his experiments, he was able to show that dogs will salivate when they antici
