1、专业英语八级（听力）模拟试卷 153及答案与解析 SECTION B INTERVIEW In this section you will hear ONE interview. The interview will be divided into TWO parts. At the end of each part, five questions will be asked about what was said. Both the interview and the questions will be spoken ONCE ONLY. After each question there
2、will be a ten-second pause. During the pause, you should read the four choices of A , B , C and D , and mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO. You have THIRTY seconds to preview the questions. （ A） Mechanical operation of the body. （ B） Absence of disease or illness. （ C） Physica
3、l, mental and social well-being. （ D） Well-connected social status. （ A） To improve mental health. （ B） To promote universal health care. （ C） To provide clean water. （ D） To establish wholesome social relationship. （ A） In the late 1940s. （ B） In the 1970s. （ C） In the 1980s. （ D） In the 1990s. （ A
4、） Emphasizing the importance of lifestyle. （ B） Drinking clean water. （ C） Obtaining health care. （ D） Hiring private doctor. （ A） Supportive. （ B） Prejudiced. （ C） Negative. （ D） Confused. （ A） Society. （ B） Gender. （ C） Economy. （ D） Environment. （ A） It was dedicated to free health care. （ B） It
5、adopted a socio-ecological view of health. （ C） It laid emphasis on clean water and comfortable housing. （ D） It paid special attention to environmental protection. （ A） Crimes. （ B） Discrimination. （ C） Urbanization. （ D） Womans right. （ A） Each factor contributes to a distinct aspect of health. （
6、B） They directly promote physical health. （ C） They operate separately in terms of health. （ D） They are interdependent and jointly promote health. （ A） It provides basic strategies to achieve health for all people. （ B） It initiates a clean-water program for underdeveloped countries. （ C） It comes
7、to an agreement on environmental protection. （ D） It enables people to enjoy free health care in Canada. （ A） Online education in China. （ B） Digital gap in China. （ C） Good courseware in China. （ D） Credible exams in China. （ A） It is easy for parents to oversee their childrens study. （ B） It is ea
8、sy for teachers to monitor the learning progress of students. （ C） It is easy for students to obtain the optimized educational resources. （ D） It is easy for students to make progress in study. （ A） Students can overcome barriers of space and time. （ B） Students can get much easier access to the Int
9、ernet. （ C） Students can obtain the optimized educational resources. （ D） The Internet technology makes mass education possible. （ A） Nine years ago. （ B） Eight years ago. （ C） Seven years ago. （ D） Six years ago. （ A） It will bring a quick return of money. （ B） It will take a fairly long time to ge
10、t profits from the investment. （ C） It is likely to see something in return after one or two years. （ D） Online education is not an ideal target for investment. （ A） Establishing online education project is something like building a supermarket. （ B） Internet technology can broaden digital gap betwe
11、en the poor and the rich. （ C） The biggest problem of online education in China is the human mind. （ D） We have to humanize technology in online courseware development. （ A） They do not have enough money. （ B） They do not have the technology. （ C） They do not have the relevant personnel. （ D） They d
12、o not make good use of the available technologies. （ A） How to write computer codes. （ B） How to integrate various materials. （ C） How to humanize technology. （ D） How to computerize concepts of education. （ A） The technology is not mature enough. （ B） It is difficult to develop an online testing pr
13、ogram. （ C） It costs too much to develop and implement such a program. （ D） It is difficult to check the identity of an examinee. （ A） It is easy to implement. （ B） Results of it are unbelievable. （ C） Safe monitoring testing is credible. （ D） It is quite widely used in China. 专业英语八级（听力）模拟试卷 153答案与解
14、析 SECTION B INTERVIEW In this section you will hear ONE interview. The interview will be divided into TWO parts. At the end of each part, five questions will be asked about what was said. Both the interview and the questions will be spoken ONCE ONLY. After each question there will be a ten-second pa
15、use. During the pause, you should read the four choices of A , B , C and D , and mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO. You have THIRTY seconds to preview the questions. 1 【听力原文】 Interviewer(W) Richard Johnson(M) Now, listen to Part One of the interview. W: I am talking to Richar
16、d Johnson, an official of WHO, the World Health Organization. Today he will talk with us about the change of peoples understanding of health. Hello, Richard. M: Hello. W: Now, Richard, the concept of health has been changing all the time. And different people and groups hold different opinions towar
17、ds it. Would you mind telling us the original concept of health? M: Of course not. Health has long been viewed in the physical sense only. That is, good health has been connected to the smooth mechanical operation of body, while ill health has been attributed to a breakdown in this machine. In this
18、sense,(1)health has been defined as the absence of disease or illness and is seen in medical terms. Therefore, creating health for people means providing medical care to treat or prevent disease and illness. W: Then what was the emphasis of the work of the WHO during that period? M:(2)Well, the emph
19、asis was of course on providing clean water, improved sanitation and housing. W: I see. When did the concept begin to change? M:(3 - 1)In the late 1940s, the WHO challenged this physically and medically oriented view of health. They stated that health was a complete state of physical, mental and soc
20、ial well-being and not merely the absence of disease.(3 - 2)The mind, body and spirit of a person were seen holistically. W: How long did this concept last? M:(4)It lasted until the 1970s. At that time, people focused their attention on the prevention of disease and illness by emphasizing the import
21、ance of the lifestyle and behavior of the individuals. Specific behaviors which were seen to increase risk of disease, such as smoking, lack of fitness and unhealthy eating habits, were targeted. Creating health meant providing not only medical health care, but health promotion programs and policies
22、 which would help people maintain healthy behavior and lifestyles. W: It sounds reasonable. It must have been beneficial to people. M: Unfortunately, not. W: But why? M:(5)You see, this individualistic healthy lifestyles approach did help the wealthy members of the society. But the majority were peo
23、ple experiencing poverty, unemployment or little control over the conditions of their daily lives. How could people afford the program if they lived under unfavorable social and environmental factors? This is the end of Part One of the interview. Questions 1 to 5 are based on what you have just hear
24、d. 1. According to Richard, what was the traditional idea of health? 2. Which of the following was among the focuses of the WHO before the 1940s? 3. When did the WHO define health in terms of the holistic operation of a persons mind, body and spirit? 4. Which of the following was among the health tr
25、end in the 1970s? 5. What attitude does Richard hold toward individualistic lifestyles approach? 1 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 本题设题点在定义解释处。根据句 (1)可知，最初人们仅从医学的角度认为没有疾病就是健康，因此答案为 B。 【知识模块】 会话 2 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 本题设题点在对话问答处。根据句 (2)可知，在 20世纪 40年代以前， WHO的工作重点是 提供清洁饮水，改善卫生条件和住房条件，因此答案为C。 【知识模块】 会话 3 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 本题
26、设题点在时间处。根据句 (3一 1)和句 (3 2)可知，在 20世纪40年代末，世界卫生组织从人的身体、心智、社交圈子等出发，从整体上重新定义了健康，因此答案为 A。 【知识模块】 会话 4 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 本题设题点在对话问答处。根据句 (4)可知，人们在 20世纪 70年代的关注点是强调生活方式和个人行为以预防疾病，因此答案为 A。 【知识模 块】 会话 5 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 本题设题点在观点态度处。访谈中提到在 20世纪 70年代，人们开始推行 health promotion programs and policies，但被问及这些项目是否有用时，受访者
27、说： Unfortunately， not根据句 (5)可知，原因在于这种方式对于大多数日常生活都得不到保障的人来说是行不通的，所以受访者对这种生活方式是持否定态度的，因此答案为 C。 【知识模块】 会话 6 【听力原文】 W: Im beginning to see your point. A single lifestyle decides nothing if not integrated with a good environment. M: Thats right. So during the 1980s and 1990s, there has been a growing swi
28、ng away from seeing lifestyle risks as the root cause of poor health. While lifestyle factors still remain important,(6)health is being viewed also in terms of the social, economic and environmental contexts in which people live. W: This is a new concept of health. And I heard its called the socio-e
29、cological view, isnt it? M: Yes.(7- 1)In 1986,representatives from 38 countries gathered in Ottawa, Canada, to hold the first International Conference of Health Promotion. It was at that conference that the broad socio-ecological view of health was endorsed. W: What were the details of the endorseme
30、nt? M:(7-2)Well, the representatives declared that the fundamental conditions and resources for health are peace, shelter, education, food, a viable income, a stable ecosystem, sustainable resources, social justice and equity. Moreover, improvement in health requires a secure foundation in these bas
31、ic requirements. From this statement, we can find that the creation of health is about much more than encouraging healthy individual behaviors and lifestyles and providing appropriate medical care.(8)It must include addressing such issues as poverty, pollution, urbanization, natural resource depleti
32、on, social alienation and poor working conditions. W: Oh, I see. But how are they affecting health? M:(9)They do not operate separately. Rather, they are interacting and interdependent. The complex interrelationships between them determine the conditions that promote health. A broad socio-ecological
33、 view of health suggests that the promotion of health must include a strong social, economic and environmental focus. W: Thats right. M: As we all know, good health is a major source for social, economic and personal development and an important dimension of quality of life. Political, economic, soc
34、ial, cultural, environmental, behavioral and biological factors can all favor health or be harmful to it.(10)The Ottawa Conference not only redefines the notion of health. More importantly, it brings practical meaning and action to this broad notion of health promotion. It presents fundamental strat
35、egies and approaches in achieving health for all. W: Then what is the basic philosophy of this health promotion? M: Very easy to understand. Just to enable people to increase control over and to improve their health. W: The new concept of health you have told us today is very useful to our understan
36、ding of health. Thank you very much. M: You are welcome. This is the end of Part Two of the interview. Questions 6 to 10 are based on what you have just heard. 6. According to the socio-ecological view of health, which of the following is NOT related to peoples health? 7. What can we know about the
37、first International Conference of Health Promotion in 1986? 8. According to the Ottawa Conference, which of the following problems should be addressed? 9. How are social factors influencing physical health? 10. Which of the following is the significance of the Ottawa Conference? 6 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 本题
38、设题点在列举处。访谈中提到在 20世纪 80年代至 90年代期间，人们关于健康的观念再次发生了改变，根据句 (6)可知，这种社会生态学的健康观念是从社会、经济以及环境的角度来看待健康的，而没有提到性别，因此答案为 B。 【知识模块】 会话 7 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 本题设题点在对话问答处。根据句 (7 1)和 (7 2)可知， 1986年的促进健康国际会议对健康采取了一种社会生态性的广泛观点，强调健康的基本条件和资源，主要包含和平、居住、教育、食 物、合理收入、稳定的生态系统、可持续资源、社会公平正义等多种因素，因此答案为 B。 【知识模块】 会话 8 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】
39、 本题设题点在列举处。根据句 (8)可知，渥太华会议提出获得健康必须要应对一系列问题，包括贫穷、污染、城市化、自然资源枯竭、社会异化和恶劣工作条件等，其中提到了城市化，因此答案为 C。 【知识模块】 会话 9 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 本题设题点在对话问答处。根据句 (9)可知，各种社会因素对健康的影响并不是孤立地发生作用，而是相互影 响，互为依存的关系。故答案为 D。 【知识模块】 会话 10 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 本题设题点在对话问答处。根据句 (10)可知，渥太华会议不仅重新定义了健康的概念，而且更为重要的是，它为促进全人类健康提供了基本策略和方法，因此答案为 A。 【知
40、识模块】 会话 11 【听力原文】 Interviewer(W) Professor Gu(M) Now, listen to Part One of the interview. W: What are the advantages of(1)E-education, Professor Gu? M:(2-1)There are at least four advantages. First, with access to the Internet, students can overcome barriers of space and time. For example, we can m
41、ake educational resources in Beijing available to students in Xinjiang.(2 - 2)Second is the easy access. For example, we can put multimedia resources libraries on the Internet and students can have access to these libraries just by clicking the mouse.(2-3)The third advantage is the optimization of r
42、esources. For example, we can tape the lectures given by very prominent professors and broadcast them live in China and even in the entire world through the Internet.(2-4/3)Because of these three advantages, there is another big advantage, that is, the Internet technology makes mass education possib
43、le. As you know, it is simply impossible for the whole population to receive education on campus. It is impossible economically or otherwise. And this is where the greatest advantage of E-education lies. It offers mass education and education for lifetime. W: Can you briefly tell us the history of C
44、hinas E-education, Professor Gu? M:(4)E-education in China started eight years ago when the Internet technology began to prevail. People realized that the Internet technology was more powerful than TV, because it really created the opportunities for students to interact with teachers and among thems
45、elves. In 1996 or later than that, the Ministry of Education initiated a piloting project using the Internet technology to promote education. W: My understanding is that an online education project may involve a large amount of money and yet most investors would expect a quick return for their inves
46、tment, so how did you solve that problem? M: This is the lesson that lots of investors have to learn from this initial investment into online education program.(5- 1)Initially, they thought it might be possible to have a quick return of cash after the investment for one or two years. It is a misconc
47、eption of online education. Sometimes, I used a metaphor of building a supermarket. If you want to build a supermarket, first of all, you have to have these infrastructures. On top of the building, you have to develop various goods that people like.(5-2)Its the same with education. You must realize
48、you have to develop courseware that people really love. And it takes quite a long time to develop really good courseware. This is the end of Part One of the interview. Questions 1 to 5 are based on what you have just heard. 1. What is the interview about? 2. Which of the following is among the advan
49、tages of E-education? 3. According to Professor Gu, what is the greatest advantage of E-education? 4. When did the Internet education start in China? 5. What can we know about the investment in online education program? 11 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 本题设题点在对话问答处。访谈一开始就问及 What are the advantages of E education ，接下来文中提到的几个优点中多次提到 the Internet，再根据后面采访者的问题 Can you briefly tell us the history of Chinas E-education 可知，访谈是关于中国网络教育的，因此答案为 A。 【知识模块】 会话 12 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 本题设题点在人物观点 处。根据句 (2)可知，网络教育的优势在于能够使学生跨越时空的限制，能够较容易地获取教育资源，能够优化教学资源，能够使大众教育成为可能，因此
