1、专业英语八级（听力）模拟试卷 174及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE In this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the mini-lecture, please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s)
2、 you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking. You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task. 0 Structure of the Canadian Government I . Introduction A. Canadian government system being thought to imitate British system Ca
3、nadas government system being often called【 T1】 _democracy【 T1】_ Canada having much in common with other【 T2】 _【 T2】 _ B. Differences coexisting with similarities between Canadian and British systems because Canada being a huge but【 T3】 _country【 T3】 _ II. Official head The【 T4】 _being the official
4、head of the state【 T4】 _ Both being only【 T5】 _leaders【 T5】 _ III. System of Government Canada being a federation with each【 T6】 _having much power【 T6】 _ 【 T7】 _being the government for the whole nation【 T7】 _ a combination of federalism with a British system British system being preferred to Ameri
5、can system mainly because the latter being considered【 T8】 _【 T8】 _ IV. Parliament A. Two parts: a lower house: the House of Commons 【 T9】 _: the Senate【 T9】 _ B. MPs represent particular【 T10】 _【 T10】 _ C. Electoral districts being determined by its population instead of【 T11】 _【 T11】 _ disadvantag
6、e: a(n)【 T12】 _existing between densely-populated【 T12】 _ provinces and sparsely-settled regions D. The Prime Minister the most important person in Canadian government the leader of the【 T13】 _in the parliament【 T13】 _ choosing the Cabinet, whose members are responsible for different areas E. The Se
7、nate being appointed by the【 T14】 _【 T14】 _ sharing more similarity with the【 T15】 _in the UK【 T15】 _ Senators more equally being chosen from each region 1 【 T1】 2 【 T2】 3 【 T3】 4 【 T4】 5 【 T5】 6 【 T6】 7 【 T7】 8 【 T8】 9 【 T9】 10 【 T10】 11 【 T11】 12 【 T12】 13 【 T13】 14 【 T14】 15 【 T15】 SECTION B INTE
8、RVIEW In this section you will hear ONE interview. The interview will be divided into TWO parts. At the end of each part, five questions will be asked about what was said. Both the interview and the questions will be spoken ONCE ONLY. After each question there will be a ten-second pause. During the
9、pause, you should read the four choices of A , B , C and D , and mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO. You have THIRTY seconds to preview the questions. （ A） Mood and feeling. （ B） Stress coping ability. （ C） Way of thinking. （ D） Depth of thinking. （ A） Chocolate. （ B） Pizza. （
10、 C） Thai food. （ D） Fish. （ A） It has protein in brain. （ B） It is full of fats. （ C） It is free of vitamin D. （ D） Eating it makes us happy. （ A） Because it can get the protein into the brain. （ B） Because it has various tastes to entertain people. （ C） Because people just like to eat them. （ D） Be
11、cause to chew it can improve neurotransmitter levels in the brain. （ A） Potatoes, cereals and fish. （ B） Fruits and vegetables. （ C） Milk and dairy products. （ D） Crunchy foods. （ A） Foods with healthy fat. （ B） Dairy products. （ C） Alcoholic and non-alcoholic drinks. （ D） Foods rich in protein and
12、vitamin B6. （ A） Objective. （ B） Subjective. （ C） Oppositive. （ D） Critical. （ A） Liquid like water. （ B） Eggs and soy. （ C） Chocolate. （ D） Coffee and tea. （ A） Potatoes. （ B） Egg yolk. （ C） Cereals. （ D） Tea. （ A） How does food have effect on peoples mood? （ B） What kind of food can make people ha
13、ppy? （ C） What can be eaten to benefit peoples health? （ D） How does food make people energetic? 专业英语八级（听力）模拟试卷 174答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE In this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the mini-lecture, please complete the gap-filling
14、 task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking. You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task. 0 【听力原文】 Structure of Canadian G
15、overnment Good afternoon, everyone. Today well be continuing our discussion of the Canadian government, with the focus on its structure.(1)As a former British colony, Canadas system of government was based on the British system of parliamentary democracy. This is often referred to as “ Westminster-s
16、tyle“ democracy, named after the British House of Commons.(2)Like other colonies like New Zealand and Australia, many Canadian laws, political practices and customs were brought from the “Old Country“ and adapted to the different conditions of the new country. At first glance, the similarity between
17、 British and Canadian political conditions are great:(3)but when we look more closely, we can see important differences which have arisen from the experience of governing a huge but sparsely populated country. Well divide our discussion into three parts: the official head, the Canadian system of gov
18、ernment and the Canadian parliament. (4)Now, first, the official head of Canada. Like Britain, Canada is a monarchy. The official head of state is the Queen, who is also the Queen of Great Britain, Australia, New Zealand and other former British colonies. The Queen is Canadas queen in her own right:
19、 if, for example, Britain decided to become a republic, the Queen would still be the Queen of Canada. Because she does not live in Canada, she is represented by an official called a Governor General. When heads of state visit Canada, they will first be greeted by the Governor General, before being w
20、elcomed by the Prime Minister. (5)Both the Queen and the Governor General occupy roles which are largely ceremonial. Most Canadians would be unable to tell you the name of the current Governor General, or identify him or her in a picture. And while the Queen and her family are regarded with affectio
21、n by most Canadians, the monarchy as such bears little relevance to the governing of modern Canada. We see that Canada and Britain have the same official head of state. Then, what is special about the Canadian government as compared against the British government? This brings us to the second part o
22、f our discussion, the system of government.(6)The biggest difference between Canada and the UK is that Canada is a federation that is, it has ten provinces and two territories, each with their own government, which have joined to form one country.(7)The government of the whole country is referred to
23、 as the “federal government“ , to distinguish it from the lower level governments of each province. These provinces all have a great deal of power in relation to the federal government. Canada was the first political community to combine federalism with a British system of government, a model which
24、was later applied to other areas in the British Commonwealth, notably in Australia, Malaysia, Nigeria and India large countries with powerful regional and ethnic divisions. Canadas founding fathers of Confederation, who, between 1864 and 1867, had to decide what sort of government the new country wa
25、s to have, chose the British model of government over the model being enacted in the United States. The American system was characterized by “checks and balances“ on political power. In Contrast, the founding fathers preferred the British system because they wanted a strong central government.(8)The
26、 British model offered “strength,order and authority“ , which they thought was preferable to the weakness of the American system. In the American system, the President and the Congress frequently battle over policy. Finally, well talk about the Canadian Parliament.(9)The Canadian Parliament is divid
27、ed into a lower house, the House of Commons, and an upper house called the Senate. Canadians vote in elections for people they want to represent them in the House of Commons.(10)These Members of Parliament(MPs)each fill a “seat“ in the House of Commons, which represents a particular electoral distri
28、ct. (11)Electoral districts are based on population rather than geographic size, so there are more MPs from urban areas and very few from the sparsely settled, wilder regions of Canadas. The House of Commons contains about three hundred seats.(12)Because most of the Canadian population is concentrat
29、ed in Ontario and Quebec, these two provinces have the most seats, and therefore the most power in the House of Commons. This has caused a lot of trouble because the provinces with smaller populations feel they are not adequately listened to by “Central Canada“. For example, in the 1997 election, be
30、cause of its large population, Ontario elected one hundred and three MPs, whereas the prairie provinces of Saskatchewan and Manitoba each only had fourteen MPs. As is the case in Britain, MPs generally all belong to political parties.(13)The party that wins the most seats forms the government: the p
31、arty leader becomes Prime Minister, and so, like in the UK, the most important person in Canadian government is the Prime Minister. The Cabinet, chosen by the Prime Minister, consists of senior MPs from the governing party. They are usually given particular areas of responsibility, like external aff
32、airs, multiculturalism, or health and education. The Senate, the upper house, is not elected.(14)It is appointed by the Governor General, who acts on the recommendation of the Prime Minister.(15)The Senate is not like the US Senate, but analogous to the House of Lords in the UK, although the Lords c
33、an earn their seat by right of birth as well as by being appointed. To balance the fact that the Commons is dominated by MPs from populous Ontario and Quebec, senators are, by tradition, picked to represent the regions more equally. Well, today we have covered the structure of the Canadian Governmen
34、t in terms of three aspects: the official head, the Canadian system of government and the Canadian parliament. You are expected to read the recommended material after class. Next weeks lecture will be focused on Canadian Prime Ministers. 【知识模块】 听力 1 【正确答案】 Westminster-style 【试题解析】 本题设题点在定义概念处。根据句 (1
35、)可知，加拿大的政府体系是基于英国议会制民主政府而建立的，因此常 被称为 “威斯敏斯特式 ”的民主政府，故答案为 Westminster-style，注意首字母大写。 【知识模块】 听力 2 【正确答案】 colonies 【试题解析】 本题考查重要细节。根据句 (2)可知，与其他殖民地如新西兰、澳大利亚一样，很多加拿大的法律、政治条例和习俗都来源于 “旧国家 ”，而他们正在适应 “新国家 ”的不同情况，所以填 colonies。 【知识模块】 听力 3 【正确答案】 sparsely populated 【试题解析】 本题设题点在转折处。根据句 (3)可知， 加拿大地域广阔，人口相对稀少，这
36、使得加拿大的政治体系在仿效英国体系的同时，与英国存在很大差别，故答案为 sparsely populated。 【知识模块】 听力 4 【正确答案】 Queen 【试题解析】 本题设题点在原因解释处。根据句 (4)可知，和英国一样，加拿大的女王是国家元首，故答案为 Queen。这里要注意作为专有名词，单词的首字母须大写。 【知识模块】 听力 5 【正确答案】 ceremonial 【试题解析】 本题设题点在定语从句处。根据句 (5)可知，女王和总督都只 是行使礼仪方面的职能，故答案为 ceremonial。 【知识模块】 听力 6 【正确答案】 province and territory 【
37、试题解析】 本题考查重要细节。根据句 (6)可知，加拿大与英国的最大不同在于加拿大是联邦制 就是说，它有 10个省、两个区，而每一个省、区由都有自己的政府，这些政府组成了一个国家，所以填 province and territory。 【知识模块】 听力 7 【正确答案】 federal government 【试题解析】 本题设题点在定义概 念处。根据句 (7)可知，为了与各个省级政府区别开来，国家政府被称为 “联邦政府 ”，故答案为 federal government。 【知识模块】 听力 8 【正确答案】 weak 【试题解析】 本题设题点在定语从句处。根据句 (8)可知，加拿大政府的
38、奠基者认为英国的政治体系比美国的更可取，因为后者太过软弱，缺乏权威，故答案为weak。 【知识模块】 听力 9 【正确答案】 an upper house 【试题解析】 本题考查重要细节。根据句 (9)可知，加拿大议会制分为两部分：一是较 低一级的众议院；二是较高一级的上议院，所以填 an upper house，注意此处用不定冠词 an。 【知识模块】 听力 10 【正确答案】 electoral districts 【试题解析】 本题考查重要细节。根据句 (10)可知，这些议会成员在众议院中占有 “席位 ”，他们代表着某一个选区，所以填 electoral districts。 【知识模块
39、】 听力 11 【正确答案】 geographic size 【试题解析】 本题考查重要细节。根据句 (11)可知，选区是由人口而不是 由面积来决定的，故答案为 geographic size。 【知识模块】 听力 12 【正确答案】 imbalance inequality 【试题解析】 本题设题点在原因解释处。根据句 (12)可知，选区视人口多少而定的政策使得人口密度较大的安大略省和魁北克省占据了众议院的多数席位，而人口较少的省份觉得加拿大高层对它们不够重视，所以可概括为 imbalance或者inequality。 【知识模块】 听力 13 【正确答案】 dominant party 【
40、试题解析】 本题考查重 要细节。根据句 (13)可知，占据议会席位最多的党派就组建成政府，而其领导人就成为总理，故答案为 dominant party。 【知识模块】 听力 14 【正确答案】 Governor General 【试题解析】 本题考查重要细节。根据句 (14)可知，上议院由总督任命，总督主要负责推荐首相人选，所以填 Governor General。 【知识模块】 听力 15 【正确答案】 House of Lords 【试题解析】 本题设题点在转折处。根据句 (15)可知，加拿大参议院不同于 美国的参议院，而是与英国的上议院类似，故答案为 House of Lords，注意
41、H和 L都要大写。 【知识模块】 听力 SECTION B INTERVIEW In this section you will hear ONE interview. The interview will be divided into TWO parts. At the end of each part, five questions will be asked about what was said. Both the interview and the questions will be spoken ONCE ONLY. After each question there will
42、be a ten-second pause. During the pause, you should read the four choices of A , B , C and D , and mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO. You have THIRTY seconds to preview the questions. 16 【听力原文】 Kim Bold(M) Susan Kleiner(W) Now, listen to Part One of the interview. M: Finding
43、comfort in food. Eating the right dishes can lift our spirits and swallow up stress. Well, here with more on how food affects our mood is Doctor Susan Kleiner, a nutritionist, and the author of the Good Mood Diet. Susan, good morning. W: Good morning, Kim Bold. M: So Im very curious about this. Are
44、there foods that actually have happy chemicals in them? W: Oh, absolutely.(1)You know, how we feel, how we cope with stress, how we think, how clearly we think are all directly affected by the foods that we eat. M: OK. We actually went out and asked people what foods they ate in order to make themse
45、lves happy.(2 - 1)And they said that some kinds of food do make them happy, such as chocolate, Pizza, Thai food and etc.(2-2)As for me, Pizza would be my happy food. But those arent the foods that actually make you happy. Right? W: Well, it could be. You know, both of those are part of it. But there
46、 are foods that really directly affect our brain with certain chemicals. Fish is really a big happy food.(3)Its got protein in brain, and it is free of fats and full of vitamin P. All of those help raise our neural chemistry and that makes us feel happy.(4- 1)Potatoes, cereals, great carps actually
47、get the protein into the brain. (5)Fruits and vegetables, milk and dairy products, all are great for raising mood.(4-2)And crunchy foods, like popcorn, are fabulous for making us feel happy. M: Why is it so? W:(4 - 3)The actual chewing mechanism raises neurotransmitter levels in the brain. So combin
48、ing all these together creates wonderful combinations. For instance, potatoes with chili on top even. Those are great combinations. M: OK. Then you got a very happy dinner, right? W: Yes. M: OK. Lets talk about stressed-out food or foods that you do tend to eat when youre stressed. People interviewe
49、d said that they might prefer anything salty, or a piece of chocolate, or even some kind of drinks. Well, as far as you are concerned, what are the real stress busters? This is the end of Part One of the interview. Questions 1 to 5 are based on what you have just heard. 1. Which aspect(s)of human is/are NOT influenced by food? 2. Whats Kims favorite food
