1、专业英语八级（听力）模拟试卷 194及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE In this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the mini-lecture, please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s)
2、 you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking. You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task. 0 Global Language I. WHAT? Learned and spoken internationally 【 T1】 _:【 T1】 _ - the number of native and second language speaker
3、s -【 T2】 _ distribution【 T2】 _ - the use in international organizations and in【 T3】 _【 T3】 _ Lingua franca: spoken by those who wield power e.g.【 T4】 _ in the Roman Empire【 T4】 _ A global language - the political power of its native speakers - the economic power to maintain and expand its position I
4、I. WHY? The modern global village Modern【 T5】 _【 T5】 _ Globalized trade 【 T6】 _【 T6】 _ The emergence of large international bodies III. GOOD OR NOT? Global language vs. minority languages - A direct threat in areas where the global language is the【 T7】 _ language【 T7】 _ - Galvanize and strengthen mo
5、vements to support and protect minority languages e.g. Welsh in Wales,【 T8】 _【 T8】 _ Natural speakers of the global language may be at an unfair advantage over【 T9】 _ speakers【 T9】 _ The exclusion of other languages may be a threat to the ideas of【 T10】 _【 T10】 _ Linguistic complacency IV. ENGLISH?
6、The most widely spoken language in the fields of a)business b)academics c)education d)politics e)science f)【 T11】 _, etc.【 T11】 _ - The UN - 85% of international organizations: one of official languages -【 T12】 _ of international organizations: English only【 T12】 _ -【 T13】 _ among Asian: English onl
7、y【 T13】 _ Reasons - Initiation: British【 T14】 _ and industrial power【 T14】 _ between the 17th and 20th Centuries - Consolidation: American dominance in economy and【 T15】 _【 T15】 _ 1 【 T1】 2 【 T2】 3 【 T3】 4 【 T4】 5 【 T5】 6 【 T6】 7 【 T7】 8 【 T8】 9 【 T9】 10 【 T10】 11 【 T11】 12 【 T12】 13 【 T13】 14 【 T14
8、】 15 【 T15】 15 Baby Body Language I. Fist in mouth Indication a)Hungry: ruled out if the baby has been fed b)Teething: ruled out if the baby is less than【 T1】 _ old【 T1】 _ c)Wants to suck on something II.【 T2】 _or Puckering【 T2】 _ Indication of hunger Pacifier a)No need for a pacifier for babies old
9、er than six months b)Pacifier addition is sometimes caused by【 T3】 _【 T3】 _ III. Crying Crying loudly with clenched fists: feels hungry or【 T4】 _【 T4】 _ Just cry when upset Solutions: a)Offer milk b)【 T5】 _【 T5】 _ c)Rub his/her back d)Check for illness e)Never bounce or【 T6】 _ the baby【 T6】 _ f)Gent
10、ly sway the baby IV. Flailing of Arms and Legs Indication of a sense of【 T7】 _【 T7】 _ Solutions: wrap the baby in a blanket; hold him/her close V. Legs Drawn Up and【 T8】 _【 T8】 _ Indication of gas, bloating and constipation Solutions: a)Burping b)Hold his/her feet and push his/her knees toward【 T9】
11、_【 T9】 _ c)Rub the tummy d)【 T10】 _【 T10】 _ VI.【 T11】 _【 T11】 _ Accompanied by crying: indication of a fever or being fussy Check for symptoms of【 T12】 _ or other illness【 T12】 _ VII. Biting or Gumming Indication of teething Coupled with drooling and low grade fever Solutions: a)give a【 T13】 _, clea
12、n washcloth to suck【 T13】 _. b)use teething lotions VIII. Eye Rubbing Indication a)Something got caught in the eye b)【 T14】 _【 T14】 _ Out of breath between yells 【 T15】 _【 T15】 _ Eyelids drooping 16 【 T1】 17 【 T2】 18 【 T3】 19 【 T4】 20 【 T5】 21 【 T6】 22 【 T7】 23 【 T8】 24 【 T9】 25 【 T10】 26 【 T11】 27
13、【 T12】 28 【 T13】 29 【 T14】 30 【 T15】 专业英语八级（听力）模拟试卷 194答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE In this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the mini-lecture, please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS
14、 for each gap. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking. You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task. 0 【听力原文】 Global Language Good morning, everyone. Today, we are going to discuss the status o
15、f global language. Particularly, I will address four questions. What is a global language? Why is a global language needed? Is a global language necessarily a good thing? And is English a global language? First of all, what is a global language? There is no official definition of “global“ or “world“
16、 language, but it essentially refers to a language that is learned and spoken internationally,1and is characterized not only by the number of its native and second language speakers,2but also by its geographical distribution,3and its use in international organizations and in diplomatic relations. A
17、global language acts as a lingua franca, a common language that enables people from diverse backgrounds and ethnicities to communicate on a more or less equitable basis. Historically, the essential factor for the establishment of a global language is that it is spoken by those who wield power.4Latin
18、 was the lingua franca of its time, although it was only ever a minority language within the Roman Empire as a whole. Crucially, though, it was the language of the powerful leaders and administrators and of the Roman military and this is what drove its rise to arguably global language status. Thus,
19、language can be said to have no independent existence of its own, and a particular language only dominates when its speakers dominate and, by extension, fails when the people who speak it fail. History shows us that a language becomes a global language mainly due to the political power of its native
20、 speakers, and the economic power with which it is able to maintain and expand its position. Secondly, why is a global language needed?5It is often argued that the modern global village needs a global language and that, particularly in a world of modern communications,6globalized trade and easy inte
21、rnational travel, a single lingua franca has never been more important With the advent of large international bodies such as the United Nations and its various offshoots as well as collective organizations such as the Commonwealth and the European Union, the pressure to establish a worldwide lingua
22、franca has never been greater. As just one example of why a lingua franca is useful, consider that up to one-third of the administration costs of the European Community are taken up by translations into the various member languages. Thirdly, is a global language necessarily a good thing? While its a
23、dvantages are self-evident, there are some legitimate concerns that a dominant global language could also have some built-in drawbacks. Among these may be the following: Number one, there is a risk that the increased adoption of a global language may lead to the weakening and eventually the disappea
24、rance of some minority languages. It is estimated that up to 80% of the worlds 6,000 or so living languages may die out within the next century, and some commentators believe that a too-dominant global language may be a major contributing factor in this trend.7However, it seems likely that this is r
25、eally only a direct threat in areas where the global language is the natural first language. Conversely, there is also some evidence that the very threat of subjugation by a dominant language can actually galvanize and strengthen movements to support8and protect minority languages e.g. Welsh in Wale
26、s, French in Canada Number two,9there is concern that natural speakers of the global language may be at an unfair advantage over those who are operating in their second, or even third, language. Number three,10the insistence on one language to the exclusion of others may also be seen as a threat to
27、the ideas of multiculturalism. Number four, another potential pitfall is linguistic complacency on the part of natural speakers of a global language, a laziness and arrogance resulting from the lack of motivation to learn other languages. Arguably, this can already be observed in many Britons and Am
28、ericans. Finally, is English a global language? As can be seen in more detail in the section on English today, on almost any basis, English is the nearest thing there has ever been to a global language. Its worldwide reach is much greater than anything achieved historically by Latin or French, and t
29、here has never been a language as widely spoken as English.11Many would reasonably claim that, in the fields of business, academics, science, computing, education, transportation, politics and entertainment, English is already established as the de facto lingua franca. The UN, the nearest thing we h
30、ave, or have ever had, to a global community, currently uses five official languages: English, French, Spanish, Russian and Chinese, and an estimated 85% of international organizations have English as at least one of their official languages.12Even more starkly, though, about one third of internatio
31、nal organizations use English only,13and this figure rises to almost 90% among Asian international organizations. As we have seen, a global language arises mainly due to the political and economic power of its native speakers.14It was British imperial and industrial power that sent English around th
32、e globe between the 17th and 20th Centuries. The legacy of British imperialism has left many countries with the language thoroughly institutionalized in their courts, parliament, civil service, schools and higher education establishments. In other countries, English provides a neutral means of commu
33、nication between different ethnic groups.15But it has been largely American economic and cultural supremacy that has consolidated the position of the English language and continues to maintain it today. American dominance and influence worldwide makes English crucially important for developing inter
34、national markets, especially in the areas of tourism and advertising, and mastery of English also provides access to scientific, technological and academic resources which would otherwise be denied developing countries. OK. I have given you a brief account of the definition of global language, the n
35、ecessity and drawbacks of having a global language and finally English status in the global communication. Next time, we shall examine the role of English plays in the cultural communication. 【知识模块】 听力填空 1 【正确答案】 Characteristics 【试题解析】 本题要求考生概括原文信息。录音提到全球性语言的三个特点，用的是 be characterized by结构。因此本题填入各词形式
36、 Characteristics。注意首字母大写。 【知识模块】 听力填空 2 【正确答案】 geographical 【试题解析】 一般来说，世界性的语言是全世界范围内人们说和学习的语言，其特征不但包括将其作为母语或第二语言的人数，同时也包括说这门语言的人的地理分布， 以及其在国际性组织和外交活动中的使用。因此本题的答案为geographical。 【知识模块】 听力填空 3 【正确答案】 diplomatic relations 【试题解析】 本题要求填入全球性语言的第三个特点。全球性语言使用在国际组织和外交事务上。因此本题填入 diplomatic relations。 【知识模块】 听
37、力填空 4 【正确答案】 Latin 【试题解析】 历史上，全球性的语言，即通用语 (Lingua franca)指的是那些掌握权力的人说的语言。比如在罗马 帝国，拉丁语虽然是少数人说的语言，但却是那个时代的通用语。因此本题的答案为 Latin。 【知识模块】 听力填空 5 【正确答案】 communications 【试题解析】 地球村需要一门全球性的语言，这是一个现代通讯、全球化贸易与便捷国际性旅行的世界，因此一门通用语显得比以往其他时候都更为重要。答案为 communications。 【知识模块】 听力填空 6 【正确答案】 Easy international travel 【试题解
38、析】 本题考查需要全球性语言的原因。讲座提 到，如今的世界可以开展方便快捷的国际性旅行，这也使得全球性语言从未如此重要过。因此本题填 Easy international travel。 【知识模块】 听力填空 7 【正确答案】 natural first 【试题解析】 本题问的是全球语言在哪些地区会对少数民族语言产生威胁。讲座提到，如果全球语言在该地区是第一语言，就会对少数民族语言产生威胁。因此本题的答案为 natural first。 【知识模块】 听力填空 8 【正确答案】 French in Canada 【试题 解析】 对占主导地位语言的挑战、威胁其实可以激发和增强人们支持和保护少数
39、语言的运动，例如威尔士的威尔士语，加拿大的法语。因此本题填入French in Canada。 【知识模块】 听力填空 9 【正确答案】 non-native 【试题解析】 本题考查考生概括信息的能力。讲座提到，以全球语言为母语者，会对以全球语言为第二甚至第三语言的人 (即非母语者 )造成不公平。这里填 non-native。 【知识模块】 听力填空 10 【正确答案】 multiculturalism 【试题 解析】 如果坚持使用一门语言，而排挤其他语言，那么可视为是对多元文化理想的一种威胁。因此，这里填 multiculturalism。 【知识模块】 听力填空 11 【正确答案】 com
40、puting transportation entertainment 【试题解析】 本题考查使用英语的领域。由于题目了已给出了 etc，考生只需从笔记里面选其中一个即可。题目里面没有出现的有三个：电脑、交通和娱乐。因此，这里填的是 computing或 transportation或 entertainment。 【知识模块】 听力填空 12 【正确答案】 one third/1 3 【试题解析】 本题考查考生记取细节信息的能力。讲座提及了好几个数字，考生要既要记住数字又要记住数字所代表的意思。题目问的是有多大比率的国际机构只使用英语。讲座提到是三分之一，即 one third或 1 3。
41、【知识模块】 听力填空 13 【正确答案】 90 /90 percent 【试题解析】 本题考查数字的填写。有将近 90%的亚洲国际性组织只使用英语。故本题填入 90或 90 percent。 【知识 模块】 听力填空 14 【正确答案】 imperial 【试题解析】 17世纪到 20世纪期间，英国的帝国主义和工业实力将英语带到了全世界各地。因此本题的答案为 imperial。 【知识模块】 听力填空 15 【正确答案】 culture 【试题解析】 本题询问美国的哪一方面巩固了英语作为全球语言的地位。讲座提到，美国的经济和文化有着至高无上的地位，巩固了英语作为全球语言的地位。讲座中是用形容
42、词，但是这里需要用名词，填 culture。 【知识模块】 听力填空 15 【听力原 文】 Baby Body Language Good morning, everyone. Welcome to our lecture “series of body language“. Today we are going to talk about baby body language. Baby body language is simple to interpret if you know how. Researchers and experts have come up with a helpf
43、ul guide to common baby body language and what it means. Today, we are going to take a snapshot of some very common baby body languages. First, fist in mouth. In baby body language this means one of three things. Either the baby is hungry, teething or just wants something to suck on. We can easily t
44、ell the difference.1If the baby is less than three months old, teething can be ruled out. If the baby has just eaten and clearly had enough, rule out hungry. If its been a couple hours since the last feeding and the baby is chewing on their fist and crying or whimpering, it may be time to feed more
45、or more often. 2Next, lip smacking or puckering. This is almost always an indication of hunger. Baby body language mimicking the motions of eating tells us whats on babys mind. This is especially true if baby starts fussing and fidgeting, then increases to a full on wail. It can, however, indicate t
46、he need for something to suck on. Babies have an inherent need to suckle, sometimes more than is required to eat their food. Some babies respond well to a pacifier. Now a word about the pacifier. The pacifier is a controversial subject. When baby body language signifies a need for something to suck
47、on, new parents may be picturing four year olds they have seen with pacifiers. In most cases babies no longer need a pacifier past the age of six months. In fact there will come a time when baby will use body language to spit the pacifier out. This is the time to stop offering it. When this is done
48、there is usually no problem.3I find that sometimes the parents are the cause for pacifier addiction because they continue to offer it when its no longer needed. Thirdly, about crying. A crying baby indicates hunger, pain, discomfort or illness.4If your baby is screaming at the top of their lungs with clenched fists and shows no indication of stopping, they are either hungry or in pain. On the other hand, there are times when a baby will get themselves upset and just cry for hours with no reason evident. New parents will quickly learn the
