1、专业英语八级（听力）模拟试卷 254及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE In this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the mini-lecture, please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s)
2、 you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking. You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task. 0 The Purposes of Literary Analysis I. Introduction Literary analysis is in itself a universal necessity. reason 1: enables read
3、ers to fully grasp the core【 T1】 _ of【 T1】 _ literary works reason 2: relates literature to both the individuals own life and the universal human condition II. Purposes of literary analysis A. to discover the authors basic【 T2】 _【 T2】 _ the problem authors face: floating abstractions are detached fr
4、om the empirical observation and the detailed logical【 T3】 _【 T3】 _ ways to solve the problem: offer a lucid【 T4】 _【 T4】 _ 【 T5】 _【 T5】 _ All knowledge is derived from【 T6】 _ experience and【 T6】 _ observation. the author: begins at the abstract level crafts the concretes of his【 T7】 _【 T7】 _ the rea
5、der: begins at the concrete level reaches the level of abstraction via literary analysis B. to attain【 T8】 _ from the literary work【 T8】 _ literature offers a valuable insight, principle, or【 T9】 _【 T9】 _ insight: positive or negative models: to【 T10】 _ or not to apply【 T10】 _ 【 T11】 _ or ideas of d
6、esirable conduct: can be rejected【 T11】 _ the reader【 T12】 _ with the premises【 T12】 _ C. to derive knowledge concerning the universal human condition the author: might hold views【 T13】 _ but potentially【 T13】 _. relevant to the general human beings e. g., George Orwells 1984 the task of the reader:
7、 to discover the pathway to【 T14】 _ relevant to humans【 T14】 _. in general the reader of a different opinion: pinpoints【 T15】 _ he disagrees with it【 T15】 _. 1 【 T1】 2 【 T2】 3 【 T3】 4 【 T4】 5 【 T5】 6 【 T6】 7 【 T7】 8 【 T8】 9 【 T9】 10 【 T10】 11 【 T11】 12 【 T12】 13 【 T13】 14 【 T14】 15 【 T15】 SECTION B
8、INTERVIEW In this section you will hear ONE interview. The interview will be divided into TWO parts. At the end of each part, five questions will be asked about what was said. Both the interview and the questions will be spoken ONCE ONLY. After each question there will be a ten-second pause. During
9、the pause, you should read the four choices of A , B , C and D , and mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO. You have THIRTY seconds to preview the questions. （ A） Internet addiction. （ B） Internet versatility. （ C） Internet security. （ D） Internet technology. （ A） They might feel
10、 desperate. （ B） They might dream of getting online. （ C） They might rush to the nearest cybercafes. （ D） They might have some physical problems. （ A） By comparing people with IAD to alcoholics. （ B） By comparing people with IAD to smokers. （ C） By comparing people with IAD to coffee-drinkers. （ D）
11、By comparing people with IAD to patients with mental illness. （ A） They usually stay online longer than intended. （ B） They might lose their jobs as a result. （ C） They might have problems with their eyesight. （ D） They usually chat on the web for three hours. （ A） Reading books about the Internet.
12、（ B） Downloading new Internet programs. （ C） Attending Internet-related conferences. （ D） Buying books about the Internet. （ A） Because IAD can be cured. （ B） Because the Internet is a useful tool. （ C） Because IAD is not caused by drugs. （ D） Because people with IAD can control themselves. （ A） The
13、 Internet should be used frequently. （ B） The Internet should be used positively. （ C） The Internet should be used cautiously. （ D） The Internet should be used moderately. （ A） A new drug proves to be successful in treating IAD. （ B） Some doctors are trying to treat IAD in the same way as stopping g
14、ambling. （ C） Some experts say treating IAD should depend on addicts themselves. （ D） There are several successful cases of people overcoming IAD. （ A） Seek a substitute for the Internet. （ B） Examine their patterns of Internet use. （ C） Question themselves now and then. （ D） Use computers only in s
15、pare time. （ A） To do what you like. （ B） To spend more time with your family and friends. （ C） To keep a balanced life. （ D） To look for fun in the virtual world. 专业英语八级（听力）模拟试卷 254答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE In this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY. W
16、hile listening to the mini-lecture, please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking. You have THIRTY second
17、s to preview the gap-filling task. 0 【听力原文】 The Purposes of Literary Analysis Good morning, everyone. Today Id like to talk about literary analysis, and specifically, its three purposes. For the millennia during which literature has existed, scholars, intellectuals, and lay people have unceasingly e
18、ngaged in the act of analyzing it. Whatever the variety of analytical approaches to literature might be, literary analysis is in itself a universal necessity when approaching a text, and cannot be escaped on some level, (1) because literary analysis enables readers to fully grasp the core abstractio
19、ns which an author has bestowed upon his work. Furthermore, it is indispensable in rendering the literature relevant, both to the individuals own life and to an understanding of the universal human condition. (2) Now lets look at the first purpose of literary analysis: to discover the authors basic
20、premises. When any author creates a work of literature, he does so starting with a set of basic intellectual premises, foundational assumptions that permeate the entirety of his work. The author has chosen to create a work of literature as a vehicle for transmitting those premises to his readers. On
21、 their own, (3) as floating abstractions are detached from the empirical observation and the detailed logical reasoning, the authors premises cannot be readily communicated to a reader who does not grasp them yet. An author who holds individualism as a basic premise, for example, will find difficult
22、y in communicating it by simply stating, “I believe in individualism.“ If, however, (4) he offers a lucid analysis of the superiority of individualism over the alternatives, which is filled with realistic examples of why this is so, then his convictions become far more persuasive. (5) Better yet, he
23、 might write a story, a series of rationally structured fictional events, which a reader could approach as if it were a concrete experience. (6) All knowledge, at its root, is derived from sensory experience and observation. Thus, a work of literature, by recreating an environment of observation thr
24、ough the events and descriptions within it, aims to allow the reader to tap into the source of the premises the author seeks to communicate. Thereby, the reader is given the foundation from which to proceed to understand and identify with the authors abstract ideas. When the reader sees a literary t
25、ext before him, the author has already done the work of translating his guiding premises into a concrete presentation. The task of the reader, then, becomes to fathom the concrete presentation in such a manner as to derive the abstract premises from it, thereby participating in an act of intellectua
26、l discovery which the author has facilitated for him. All literary analysis is, in essence, such a process of discovery. It aims toward an understanding of the authors guiding abstractions by identifying literary concretes the characters, events, descriptions, dialogues, and stated ideas of a narrat
27、ive and discerning their relevance to the work as a whole and its central themes. (7) Whereas, in writing a work of literature, the author begins at the abstract level and, from it, crafts the concretes of his narrative, the reader must begin at the concrete level and reach the level of abstraction
28、via literary analysis. (8) The second purpose of literary analysis is to attain individual value from the literary work. (9) A work of literary merit must offer an insight, principle, or example valuable to the individual reader. Aside from discovering the authors intentions and guiding principles i
29、n writing a work, the reader must inquire of himself, “What benefits to my own life and understanding might I extract from this text?“ The insights the reader might seek to derive through literary analysis can be positive or negative. (10) A text can offer models to emulate, or examples of what not
30、to apply to ones own life. (11) The reader can even disagree with the authors world view or ideas of desirable conduct and, through literary analysis, discover the root of his divergence from the author. In this respect, the undertaking of literary analysis is necessarily didactic, even if the autho
31、r did not create his text with a didactic purpose. Literary analysis is a process of cognitive discrimination, in that the reader must be selective in what he does and does not derive from the authors premises. (12) In analyzing a text, the reader interacts with these premises by filtering them thro
32、ugh his own. Now lets move to the third purpose of literary analysis: to derive from it knowledge concerning the universal human condition. Aside from individual relevance, a worthy work of literature has a universal relevance, either to an aspect at the core of the general human condition, or at th
33、e root of some widespread field of human endeavor. The author, as a human being, enters the writing process with certain assumptions, implicit or explicit, regarding a set of universal human themes, including the nature of life, consciousness, volition, and human action, the meaning and possibility
34、of success and happiness, and the status of the individual himself. In addition, (13) the author might hold a set of views which are more narrowly targeted, but still potentially relevant to a wide variety of human beings. While the conflict between the individual and the almighty totalitarian state
35、 in George Orwells 1984, for example, is not a universal history, Orwell used it to arrive at an understanding of the meaning of a universal human concept, freedom. He then used this understanding to analyze, through the eyes of Winston Smith, the manner in which a totalitarian state necessarily rob
36、s an individual of his freedom and, by implication, his very humanity. (14) The task of the reader in conducting literary analysis becomes to discover the pathway by which the specifics of a given literary presentation can arrive at truths which are relevant to humans in general. The truths thus dis
37、covered will transcend the accidents of time, culture, history, and geographical location. Furthermore, such a comprehensive universal understanding is valuable, irrespective of the readers agreement with the authors approach to the human condition. (15) If the reader is of a different opinion, he c
38、an simply use his knowledge of the authors world view to pinpoint where and how he disagrees with it. Thus, the reader, through literary analysis, will still attain his own positive understanding of the essential and inescapable issues pertaining to man. OK, today we have discussed three purposes of
39、 literary analysis: to discover the authors basic premises, to attain individual value from the literary work, and to derive from it knowledge concerning the universal human condition. Literary analysis, like any other systematic approach to things, offers the demystification of ideas and of reality
40、. Instead of being perpetually confined by a set of irresolvable questions and dilemmas, man can obtain the answers through literary analysis, by means of a deliberate, targeted, rational treatment of the text. If the reader finishes a text with greater knowledge, erudition, and confidence in his wo
41、rld view than he had upon starting it, then literary analysis has fulfilled its most essential role. Thank you for listening. 【知识模块】 听力 1 【正确答案】 abstractions 【试题解析】 本篇讲座的主题是文学分析的目的。讲话者认为，文学分析本身具有普遍的必要性，根据句 (1)可知，讲话者这样认为的第一个原因是文学分析可以使读者充分领会作者赋予其作品的核心抽象概念。因此答案为 abstractions。 【知识模块】 听力 2 【正确答案】 premise
42、s 【试题解析】 句 (2)中讲话者提到，文学分析的第一个目的是发现作者的基本前提。因此答案为 premises。 【知识模块】 听力 3 【正确答案】 reasoning 【试题解析】 根据句 (3)可知，在作者创作作品的过程中，由于浮动的抽象概念是与以科学实验为依据的观察和详细的逻辑推理无关的，作者的前提无法迅速传达给对其还不理解的读者。因此答案为 reasoning。 【知识模块】 听力 4 【正确答案】 analysis 【试题解析】 讲话者举了一个以个人主义为基本前提的创作的例子指出，如果作者只是简单地说 “我相信个人主义 ”，那么他就很难向读者传达他的思想。根据句 (4)可知，如果
43、作者对个人主义相对于其他信念的优 越之处进行清楚地分析，用真实的例子证明为什么是这样，那么他的信念会更有说服力。因此答案为 analysis。 【知识模块】 听力 5 【正确答案】 write a story 【试题解析】 根据句 (5)可知，更好的方法是作者可以写一个故事，写一系列结构合理的小说似的事件。因此答案为 write a story。 【知识模块】 听力 6 【正确答案】 sensory 【试题解析】 根据句 (6)可知，讲话者认为，从根本上来说，所有的知识都源自感性的体验和观察。因此答案为 sensory。 【知识模块】 听力 7 【正确答案】 narrative 【试题解析】
44、根据句 (7)可知，在创作文学作品的过程中，作者是从抽象的层面开始的，然后基于这个层面，创作出故事的具体内容。因此答案为 narrative。 【知识模块】 听力 8 【正确答案】 individual value 【试题解析】 根据句 (8)可知，文学分析的第二个目的是从文学作品中获得个人价值。因此答案为 individual value。 【知识模块】 听力 9 【正确答案】 example 【试题解析】 根据句 (9)可知，具有文学价值的作品必然为每个读者提供一种珍贵的看法、原则或者例子。因此答案为 example。 【知识模块】 听力 10 【正确答案】 emulate 【试题解析】
45、根据句 (10)可知，文学作品可以提供用来效仿的榜样，或者不能在个人生活中应用的例子。因此答案为 emulate。 【知识模块】 听力 11 【正确答案】 world view 【试题解析】 根据句 (11)可知，读者可以反对作者的世界观或者作者认同的行为，并且通过文学分析发现他和作者 分歧的根源。因此答案为 world view。 【知识模块】 听力 12 【正确答案】 interacts 【试题解析】 根据句 (12)可知，在分析文学作品的过程中，读者可以通过用自己的思想筛选的方式与这些前提互动。因此答案为 interacts。 【知识模块】 听力 13 【正确答案】 narrowly t
46、argeted 【试题解析】 文学分析的第三个目的是获得关于人类共同状况的知识。根据句(13)可知，作者或许持有一些关注范围较为有限的观点，但是这些观点仍然与各种各样的人有潜 在的联系。因此答案为 narrowly targeted。 【知识模块】 听力 14 【正确答案】 truths 【试题解析】 根据句 (14)可知，读者进行文学分析的任务就变成了发现一条小路，通过这条小路，特定的文学描述的细节能够通往与全人类有关的真理。因此答案为 truths。 【知识模块】 听力 15 【正确答案】 where and how 【试题解析】 根据句 (15)可知，如果读者持有不同的观点，他可以用他对
47、作者世界观的了解准确地指出他不同意什么地方，以及如何不同意。因此 答案为 where and how。 【知识模块】 听力 SECTION B INTERVIEW In this section you will hear ONE interview. The interview will be divided into TWO parts. At the end of each part, five questions will be asked about what was said. Both the interview and the questions will be spoken
48、ONCE ONLY. After each question there will be a ten-second pause. During the pause, you should read the four choices of A , B , C and D , and mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO. You have THIRTY seconds to preview the questions. 16 【听力原文】 M: Welcome to our program. Students toda
49、y learn how to use computers as early as age 5 or 6. They are also spending more time online, surfing the web, e-mailing, twittering, playing games, using Facebook, etc. Rumor has it that some even use the Internet to research term papers. (1) The question Id like us to consider today is, are people spending too much time on their computers? Our honored guest
