1、专业英语八级（听力）模拟试卷 280及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE In this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the mini-lecture, please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s)
2、 you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking. You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task. 0 First of all, lets talk about what culture is. When we think about culture we first think about a country, and particularly ab
3、out its food, art, customs, and【 T1】 _. These are the outward manifestations of a system of values,【 T2】 _, and deeply rooted beliefs. Culture emerges as a group of people meet and then react to the challenges of life. The responses to those challenges that are successful are taught and shared among
4、 members of the group and are passed on from the older to the younger members. Culture is then learned through【 T3】 _. You can think of culture as having three levels: first, the top level is【 T4】 _, the artifacts: visible behavior, art, clothing and so on: second, in the middle level are【 T5】 _. Th
5、ese are invisible rules that cause the artifacts: thirdly, the most powerful dimension of culture is【 T6】 _. These assumptions lie so deep that they are never questioned, stated or defended. 1 【 T1】 2 【 T2】 3 【 T3】 4 【 T4】 5 【 T5】 6 【 T6】 6 Generally speaking, three types of problems are involved in
6、【 T1】 _. They are 【 T2】 _, prejudices, and discrimination. Let me explain each one to you with examples. First, about【 T3】 _. Walter Lippmann introduced the term in 1922 to refer to 【 T4】 _ that is used to organise and simplify perceptions of others. Stereotypes are 【 T5】 _ about some group of peopl
7、e to all people who belong to that category. Examples for stereotyping are such beliefs as: “Women are emotional“, “Politicians are dishonest“, “Germans are cold and too serious“, “【 T6】 _“. Secondly, about prejudices. Prejudices refer to【 T7】 _ toward other people that are based on faulty and infle
8、xible stereotypes. Prejudices include irrational feelings of dislike and even hatred for certain groups of people, who are not based on direct experiences and【 T8】 _ 7 【 T1】 8 【 T2】 9 【 T3】 10 【 T4】 11 【 T5】 12 【 T6】 13 【 T7】 14 【 T8】 14 I want you to know that different cultures have different nego
9、tiation practices. Negotiation practices differ【 T1】 _. Some cultures expect clients to negotiate over things that would be totally unacceptable in other countries. Some cultures get upset or angry by things that are totally 【 T2】 _ in other cultures. Different cultures simply have different approac
10、hes when it comes to negotiation. This can be【 T3】 _ when you travel to a new country to negotiate for business. And even more so if it is your first time. It is important to know what is culturally expected of you when it comes to negotiation. If you are just starting out in【 T4】 _, it is wise to d
11、o some homework and identify【 T5】 _ in the country you are travelling to. No matter how much research you do prior to your first cross cultural negotiation communication road blocks can easily come up. This is even more likely if your negotiation is taking place in a foreign environment to what you
12、are used to. So it is even more important to【 T6】_ to ride through communication hurdles. 15 【 T1】 16 【 T2】 17 【 T3】 18 【 T4】 19 【 T5】 20 【 T6】 20 A high-context culture is a culture in which the context of the message or the action or an event carries a large part of its【 T1】 _. What this means is
13、that in a high-context culture more attention is paid to what has been【 T2】 _ than to the message itself. Now let me give you examples. First in terms of personal space, generally speaking, in a high-context culture, because theres greater dependency on【 T3】 _, people lean towards【 T4】 _ or closenes
14、s to people. And they have【 T5】 _, for personal space. If you go into that culture, people might stand closer when theyre talking to you. They might touch more and if theyre jostled in a crowd, they wont feel violated. And also people from a high-context culture pay attention to【 T6】 _. Because reme
15、mber what I said, the definition of a high-context culture is that more attention is paid to the context of the message than to the message itself, and part of the context is body language. Second, in terms of time, people in high-context cultures are considered to have what is called a polychrome a
16、ttitude toward time. Here “poly“ means multiple and “chronic“ means time. What this means is that they believe【 T7】 _ have their own time and there cant be a standard system of time for everything. What this leads them to believe is that you cant emphasize【 T8】 _. Things happen when they are suppose
17、d to happen. So theres a different attitude toward time. There is no set standard of time. You cant control time. Everything has its own sense of time. So its a culture that pays little attention to time, to clock time. 21 【 T1】 22 【 T2】 23 【 T3】 24 【 T4】 25 【 T5】 26 【 T6】 27 【 T7】 28 【 T8】 专业英语八级（听
18、力）模拟试卷 280答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE In this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the mini-lecture, please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s) you fill
19、 in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking. You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task. 【知识模块】 听力填空 1 【正确答案】 patterns of behavior 【知识模块】 听力填空 2 【正确答案】 assumptions 【知识模块】 听力填空 3 【正确答案】 experience 【知识模块】 听力填空 4 【正确答案】 the outwa
20、rd manifestations 【知识模块】 听力填空 5 【正确答案】 the values 【知识模块】 听力填空 6 【正确答案】 the implicit cultural assumptions 【知识模块】 听力填空 【知识模块】 听力填空 7 【正确答案】 the intercultural communication 【知识模块】 听力填空 8 【正确答案】 stereotyping 【知识模块】 听力填空 9 【正确答案】 stereotyping 【知识模块】 听力填空 10 【正 确答案】 a selection process 【知识模块】 听力填空 11 【正确答
21、案】 a form of generalization 【知识模块】 听力填空 12 【正确答案】 Latinos are lazy 【知识模块】 听力填空 13 【正确答案】 negative attitudes 【知识模块】 听力填空 14 【正确答案】 first-hand knowledge 【知识模块】 听力填空 【知识模块】 听力填空 15 【正确答案】 from country to country 【知识模块】 听力填空 16 【正确答案】 acceptable 【知识模块】 听力填空 17 【正确答案】 intimidating 【知识模块】 听力填空 18 【正确答案】 d
22、eveloping your international markets 【知识模块】 听力填空 19 【正确答案】 the standard expected negotiating habits 【知识模块】 听力填空 20 【正确答案】 develop skills 【知识模块】 听力填空 【知识模块】 听力填空 21 【正确答案】 meaning and significance 【知识模块】 听力填空 22 【正确答案】 in and around the message 【知识模块】 听力填空 23 【正确答案】 group thinking 【知识模块】 听力填空 24 【正确答案】 heavier sensory involvement 【知识模块】 听力填空 25 【正确答案】 less respect for privacy 【知识模块】 听力填空 26 【正确答案】 body language 【知识模块】 听力填空 27 【正确答案】 people, things, events 【知识模块】 听力填空 28 【正确答案】 punctuality 【知识模块】 听力填空
