1、专业英语八级（听力）模拟试卷 317及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE In this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the mini-lecture, please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s)
2、 you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking. You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task. 0 Maslows Hierarchy of Needs Abraham Maslow has developed a famous theory of human needs, which can be arranged in order of【 T1】
3、 _.【 T1】 _ Physiological needs: the most【 T2】 _ ones for survival. They【 T2】 _ include such needs as food, water, etc. And there is usually one way to【 T3】 _these needs.【 T3】 _ 【 T4】 _ needs: needs for a)physical security:【 T4】 _ b)【 T5】 _ security.【 T5】 _ The former means no【 T6】 _, while the latte
4、r is concerned with【 T6】 _ freedom from【 T7】 _, misfortunes, etc. These needs can be met【 T7】 _ through a variety of means, e.g. job security,【 T8】 _ plans, and【 T8】 _ safe working conditions. Social needs: human requirements for a)【 T9】 _:【 T9】 _ b)a sense of belonging. There are two ways to satisf
5、y these needs: a)formation of relationships at workplace: b)formation of relationships outside workplace. Esteem needs: a)self-esteem i.e. ones sense of achievement b)esteem of others, i.e. others respect as a result of ones【 T10】 _.【 T10】 _ These needs can be fulfilled by【 T11】 _, etc.【 T11】 _ Self
6、-realization needs: needs to realize ones potential. Ways to realize these needs are individually【 T12】 _.【 T12】 _ Features of the hierarchy of needs: a)Social, esteem and self-realization needs are exclusively 【 T13】 _needs.【 T13】 _ b)Needs are satisfied in a fixed order from the bottom up. c)【 T14
7、】 _ for needs comes from the lowest un-met level.【 T14】 _ d)Different levels of needs may【 T15】 _ when they come【 T15】 _ into play. 1 【 T1】 2 【 T2】 3 【 T3】 4 【 T4】 5 【 T5】 6 【 T6】 7 【 T7】 8 【 T8】 9 【 T9】 10 【 T10】 11 【 T11】 12 【 T12】 13 【 T13】 14 【 T14】 15 【 T15】 SECTION B INTERVIEW In this section
8、you will hear ONE interview. The interview will be divided into TWO parts. At the end of each part, five questions will be asked about what was said. Both the interview and the questions will be spoken ONCE ONLY. After each question there will be a ten-second pause. During the pause, you should read
9、 the four choices of A , B , C and D , and mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO. You have THIRTY seconds to preview the questions. （ A） She felt bored. （ B） She felt lonely. （ C） She cherished them. （ D） The subject was easy. （ A） She just followed the crowd. （ B） Someone else g
10、ave her the advice. （ C） She was interested in that area. （ D） She conceded to her parents thoughts. （ A） The teachers just gave lectures and asked students to read books. （ B） The teachers were excellent and they had a special teaching method. （ C） The teachers described a particular situation and
11、told students what might happen. （ D） The teachers ask students to do some reading and confirm teachers ideas. （ A） Doing surveys at workplace. （ B） Analyzing survey results. （ C） Designing questionnaires. （ D） Taking a psychology course. （ A） The nature of work. （ B） Office decoration. （ C） Office
12、location. （ D） Work procedures. （ A） She felt unhappy inside the company. （ B） She felt work there too demanding. （ C） She was denied promotion in the company. （ D） She longed for new opportunities. （ A） She was willing and ready. （ B） She sounded mildly eager. （ C） She was a bit surprised. （ D） She
13、 sounded very reluctant. （ A） She learned how to do word processing. （ B） She did a secretarial course. （ C） She taught others typing and shorthand. （ D） She got a job in an advertising agency. （ A） She would do experimental design only. （ B） She would continue to be an administrative assistant. （ C
14、） She would be a teacher. （ D） She aimed to be a lecturer. （ A） A career path the company would encourage Miss Green to take. （ B） The salary and welfare the company would offer. （ C） An MA in Experimental Psychology. （ D） The courses Miss Green would take. 专业英语八级（听力）模拟试卷 317答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LEC
15、TURE In this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the mini-lecture, please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically an
16、d semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking. You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task. 0 【听 力原文】 Maslows Hierarchy of Needs Good morning, everybody. Todays lecture is about Abraham Maslows hierarchy of needs. This seems like a psychological topic. Actually,
17、it is something psychological. Abraham Maslow is a psychologist, and hes especially known for his theory of human needs. OK, first of all, what is a need? Here, we can simply define it as a personal requirement. Maslow believed that humans are “wanting“ beings who seek to fulfill a variety of needs.
18、 According to his theory, these needs can be arranged in an order according to their importance. It is this order that has become known as Maslows hierarchy of needs. In this hierarchy of needs, at the most basic level are physiological needs. Fundamentally, humans are just one species of animal. We
19、 need to keep ourselves alive. Physiological needs are what we require for survival. These needs include food and water, shelter, and sleep. At this level, for us humans, Maslow also includes the need for clothing. How are these needs usually satisfied? It is mainly through adequate wages. Then, wha
20、t is the next level of needs? At the next level are safety needs, the things we require for physical and emotional security. Physical security is easy to understand. Everybody needs to keep his body safe from injury, illness, etc. Then, what is emotional security? Well, thats maybe the point in this
21、 hierarchy of needs where humans begin to differ from other animals. We are thinking animals. We have worries. What if I lost my job? What if I were struck down by a severe disease? Besides physical security, we need to think we are safe from misfortunes both now and in the foreseeable future. How c
22、an these needs be met then? According to Maslow, safety needs may be satisfied through job security, health insurance, pension plans, and safe working conditions. After this stage come the levels of needs that are particular to human beings. The immediately following levels are the social needs. Und
23、er this category, Maslow puts our requirements for love and affection and a sense of belonging. We need to be loved. We need to belong to a group, not just the family, in which we can share with others a common interest. In Maslows view, these needs can be satisfied through the work environment and
24、some informal organizations. Certainly, we also need social relationships beyond the workplace, for example, with family and friends. Next, the level of esteem needs. What are esteem needs then? They include both the need of self-esteem and the need of esteem of others. Self-esteem is a sense of our
25、 own achievements and worth. We need to believe that we are successful, we are no worse, if no better, than others. The esteem of others is the respect and recognition we gain from other people, either through work or our activities in other social groups. The ways to satisfy esteem needs include pe
26、rsonal achievements.promotion to more responsible jobs, various honors and awards, and other forms of recognition. What follows is the top level of this hierarchy of needs. These are the self-realization needs. In other words, they are the needs to grow and develop as people, the needs to become all
27、 that we are capable of being. They are the most difficult needs to satisfy. Whether one can achieve this level or not perhaps determines whether one can be a great man or just an ordinary man. Of course, it depends on different people. The means of satisfying them tend to vary greatly with the indi
28、vidual. For some people, learning a new skill, starting a new career after retirement could quite well satisfy their self-realization needs. Well for other people, it could be becoming “the best there is“ in certain areas: it could be becoming the President of the IBM. Anyway, being “great“ or ordin
29、ary is what others think, while self-realization is largely individual. Maslow suggested that people work to satisfy their physiological needs first, then their safety needs, and so on up the “needs ladder.“ In general, they are motivated by the needs at the lowest level that remain unsatisfied. How
30、ever, needs at one level do not have to be completely satisfied before needs at the next higher level come into play. If the majority of a persons physiological and safety needs are satisfied, that person will be motivated primarily by social needs. But any physiological and safety needs that remain
31、 unsatisfied will keep playing an important role. OK, thats the general picture of Maslows hierarchy of needs. Just to sum up, Ive briefly introduced to you Maslows theory. Maslow thinks there are five kinds of human needs, with each one being more important than the preceding one. I hope that youve
32、 found his ideas interesting. 【知识模块】 听力 1 【正确答案】 importance 【试题解析】 跟据马斯洛的理论，人类的需要是按照他们重要性的顺序来分类的，原文中此处的表达是 according to their importance，所以空格处填入importance或者 their importance。 【知识模块】 听力 2 【正确答案】 basic fundamental 【试题解析】 原文在谈到 physiological needs时说到 “在人的需要层次中，生理需要是最基本的层次。 ”因此这 里应该填 basic或者填它的同义词 funda
33、mental。本句介绍 5种需要中的第一种，有最高级 the most修饰， basic为此句的要点，应在笔记中记下。即使此词未能记下，也可根据上文 (in order of importance)和句意将此空填出。 【知识模块】 听力 3 【正确答案】 satisfy 【试题解析】 在谈到生理需要时，录音提到，这些需要通常是如何被满足的呢，主要是通过足够的工资，原文中是被动句，用了 satisfied，空格处为主动用法，所以答案为 satisfy。 【 知识模块】 听力 4 【正确答案】 Safety 【试题解析】 根据原文，第二个层次的需求是对安全的需要，原文中提到 At the next
34、 level are safety needs。因此这里应该填入 Safety。注意 S要大写。 【知识模块】 听力 5 【正确答案】 emotional mental 【试题解析】 根据原文，对安全的需要包括 “身体安全 ”和 “情感安全 ”的需求，因此这里应该填入 emotional。原文在谈到 safety needs时提到 2种安全需要，physical security和 emotional security，后文紧接着对这 2种安全需要予以解释。这些要点应当记录下来。考生也可依据 physical security推导出与其对应的 “精神安全 ”。 【知识模块】 听力 6 【正确答
35、案】 illness or injury 【试题解析】 身体上的安全很容易理解，每个人都需要使身体免受伤害以及疾病等等， the former指的是 physical security所以答案为原文中 from之后的injury， illness， etc也可以为同义表达 illness or injury。 【知识模块】 听力 7 【正确答案】 worries worry diseases uneasiness illnessunhappiness pressure anxiety(ies) sadness misery(ies) predicament 【试题解析】 在解释情感需求的时候，
36、原文提到： “我们有各种担心，要是我丢掉了工作该怎么办 ?要是我突然病了怎么办 ?”因此这里应该填入 worries。录音原文提到了 worries和 disease，除此之外，考生可依靠常识和试题中的关键词(misfortunes)填入一个合适的同义、近义词。 【知识模块】 听力 8 【正确答案】 pension insurance retirement 【试题解析】 原文在谈到如何满足对安全的需求时提到， “马斯洛认为，安全需求可以通过安稳的工作、健康保险、养老计划和安全的工作条件等来得到满足 ”，因此这里应填入 pension。 【知识模块】 听力 9 【正确答案】 love and a
37、ffection 【试题解析】 在社会需要方面 ，人类有爱和喜爱的要求，所以答案为 love and affection。 【知识模块】 听力 10 【正确答案】 performance work activities success achievement(s) effort 【试题解析】 原文谈到 “尊重的需要 ”时提到： “他人的尊重指我们在别的社会群体中的工作或者行动得到别人的尊敬和认可。 ”因此这里应填入 work或activities。还可根据句意填入其他词，即别人对自己的尊重是因为自己的工作表现、业绩、成功等等。 【知识 模块】 听力 11 【正确答案】 achievement，
38、 promotion， honours 【试题解析】 实现尊重的需要包括个人的成就，升到责任更重大的工作，许多奖励，以及其他的实现形式，原文中列举的项目比较多，空格处可以选几项，答案为 achievement， promotion， honours。 【知识模块】 听力 12 【正确答案】 different varied dissimilar 【试题解析】 原文在谈到自我实现的需求时提到： “这取决于不同的人，人们满足自我实现需要 的方法因人而异。 ”因此这里应该填入 different或varied,dissimilar。 【知识模块】 听力 13 【正确答案】 human individ
39、ual spiritual 【试题解析】 短文说明了各种需要与人的关系，即：生理需要适用于包括人在内的一切动物；人与动物都有安全需要，但需要的内容已有不同；其他 3类需要都仅仅是人类才有的需要。作者说这些需要是 particular to human beings，即是exclusively human needs。也可根据 social， esteem和 self-realization判断这些是精神层次的需要，独为人类所特有，从而填入适当词语。 【知识模块】 听力 14 【正确答案】 Motivation/Desire/Drive/Demand/Longing/Urge/Craving 【
40、试题解析】 原文指出： “总的来说，人们的动机来自他们未被满足的最低层的需求。 ”因此这里应该填入 Motivation，注意 M要大写。也可以填入它的近义词。 【知识模块】 听力 15 【正确答案】 overlap meet mix co-exist interact combineconcur 【试题解析】 原文提到，不必等到某一层次的需求完全得到满足，更高层次的需求就已发挥作用。因此这些需求是共同存在的，此处应该填 co-exist或其同义词。 【知识模块】 听力 SECTION B INTERVIEW In this section you will hear ONE intervie
41、w. The interview will be divided into TWO parts. At the end of each part, five questions will be asked about what was said. Both the interview and the questions will be spoken ONCE ONLY. After each question there will be a ten-second pause. During the pause, you should read the four choices of A , B
42、 , C and D , and mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO. You have THIRTY seconds to preview the questions. 16 【听力原文】 M: Well, I see from your resume, Miss Green, that you studied at University College. How did you find it there? W: I had a great time. The teaching there was good a
43、nd I made a lot of friends. The Psychology Department was a great place to be. M: How come you chose psychology? W: Well, at first I didnt have any clear idea of what I wanted to do after university. I guess Ive just always been interested in people and the way they act. I wanted to know why people
44、think and act the way they do. Its a fascinating area. M: And what was the course like? W: Good. The teachers were all really nice and they had this special approach to teaching. You know they didnt just give us lectures and tell us to read books like they might do in some more traditional places. T
45、he whole course was based on a problem-solving approach. You know theyd describe a particular situation to us and wed discuss what might happen. And after that we do some reading and see if it confirmed our own ideas. That is what I liked best: the really practical orientation of the course. I learn
46、t very well with that style, so for me it was just great. M: I see from your resume that you graduated about four years ago and after that let me see. W: I got a job with the Department of Employment It was only a temporary thing for about five months. I was a researcher in the department. We design
47、 a survey, go out to the factories and ask all the questions to the workers and the management, then go back to the office, analyze all the data and produce a report. It was quite interesting and I guess the psychology course at college helped me a lot. M: And after that you worked for three years i
48、n an advertising agency. That must have been a bit of change from the Department of Employment, wasnt it? W: Well, not really. I suppose the office furnishings were a bit more sophisticated but the work was quite similar. I was basically still doing the same thing: designing questionnaires, going ou
49、t, asking questions and writing reports. The only difference was that this time I wasnt asking people about their work. I was asking them what kind of shampoo theyd bought and if they preferred brand X to brand Y. Then Id make up a report and the agency would use the information in their advertising campaigns. I enjo
