1、专业英语八级（听力）模拟试卷 32及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lectu
2、re. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 A Short History of the Origins and Development of English I. Origins dated back to【 B1】 _ of three Ger
3、manic tribes:【 B1】 _ the Angles,【 B2】 _ and the Jutes.【 B2】 _ II. Development of English A. Old English 1. much more highly inflected【 B3】 _ than Middle English【 B3】 _ 2. consists of most【 B4】 _ words and some borrowed ones【 B4】 _ B. Middle English 1. French words were added into the vocabulary 2. m
4、uch change on grammar and【 B5】 _【 B5】 _ C. Early Modern English 1. elimination of a vowel sound in certain【 B6】 _ positions【 B6】 _ 2. the Great Vowel Shift 3. invention of printing: 1)common language appearing in print 2)bringing【 B7】 _to English【 B7】 _ 4. a period of English Renaissance: borrowing
5、words from French ,Latin, Greek D. Late Modern English two principal factors resulting in more words: 1. the Industrial Revolution and technology 2.【 B8】 _ foreign words from many countries【 B8】 _ III. Main influencing factors on the varieties of English A. the English colonization of North America
6、example: trash for rubbish;【 B9】 _ for lend etc.【 B9】 _ B.【 B10】 _ words like canyon, ranch, stampede etc.【 B10】 _ C. French words D. West African words 1 【 B1】 2 【 B2】 3 【 B3】 4 【 B4】 5 【 B5】 6 【 B6】 7 【 B7】 8 【 B8】 9 【 B9】 10 【 B10】 SECTION B INTERVIEW Directions: In this section you will hear eve
7、rything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the interview. 11 According to Sarah, recorded delivery （
8、A） includes all the compensation for loss. （ B） includes a certificate of posting. （ C） is perfect for sending documents of minor value. （ D） is usually handled by very particular couriers. 12 When using recorded delivery to send a packet, which of the following statements is INCORRECT? （ A） The pac
9、ket is signed for by the addressee and a record is kept by the post office. （ B） You can get confirmation of delivery by filling the Advice of Delivery Form. （ C） The addressee of the recipient will sign the Advice of Delivery Form. （ D） The post office delivers recorded delivery to the address show
10、n. 13 The following are requirements for sending a registered post EXCEPT （ A） the packet should be fastened with adhesive substance. （ B） the packets should be posted in the mailbox. （ C） the packets should be posted with relevant fee. （ D） the packets should be wrapped in a strong cover. 14 We lea
11、rn from the conversation that first-class postage is _ in the registered letter envelopes. （ A） partially included （ B） already covered （ C） partially stamped （ D） already excluded 15 Which of the following statements is CORRECT about recorded delivery and registered post? （ A） Neither of them accep
12、ts any airway letters. （ B） They both deliver mails to the addressee in person. （ C） Both require that the Advice of Delivery Form be signed by the post office official. （ D） Recorded delivery doesnt compensate for bank notes, but registered post does. SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST Directions: In this se
13、ction you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. At the end of each news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. 16 The reason that Iran tested its military weapons is mainly to （ A） meet the international standard. （ B） cover
14、its uranium enrichment plant. （ C） manufacture the launching system. （ D） show off its defensive capabilities. 17 The United States officials believe the project by the city of Qom is （ A） a civilian energy program. （ B） a cover for testing missiles. （ C） a program for developing nuclear power. （ D）
15、 a cover for making nuclear weapons. 18 American critics attitude toward President Obamas remarks about American jobs is （ A） favourable. （ B） disapproval. （ C） indifferent. （ D） angry. 19 Which of the following is NOT mentioned as pressure on food supplies? （ A） Lower crop production. （ B） Higher f
16、ood prices. （ C） Climate change. （ D） Rising energy Prices. 20 Which of the following statements is INCORRECT? （ A） World demand for food will double in the next two decades. （ B） The poor will suffer the most if food prices soar. （ C） Boosting food reserves could be a way to solve the food problem.
17、 （ D） Reforms on the scale of food production are recommended. 专业英语八级（听力）模拟试卷 32答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will
18、 need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 【听力原文】 A Short History of the Origins an
19、d Development of English Good morning, everyone. Today, I am going to talk about the origins and development of English language. The history of the English language really started with the arrival of three Germanic tribes who invaded Britain during the 5th century AD. These tribes, the Angles, the
20、Saxons and the Jutes, crossed the North Sea from what today is Denmark and northern Germany. At that time the inhabitants of Britain spoke a Celtic language. But most of the Celtic speakers were pushed west and north by the invaders mainly into what is now Wales, Scotland and Ireland. The Angles cam
21、e from an angle-shaped land area and their language was called Englisc from which the words England and English are derived. Generally speaking, the history of the language is divided ,in to three: Old English, Middle English, Modern English. In some books, Modern English is divided into two Early M
22、odern and Late Modern English. Old English did not sound or look like English today. Native English speakers now would have great difficulty understanding Old English. It had some sounds which we dont have now. In grammar, Old English was much more highly inflected than Middle English because there
23、were case endings for nouns, more person and number endings of words and a more complicated pronoun systems as well as various endings for adjectives. In vocabulary, Old English is also quite different from Middle English. Most of the Old English words are native English which werent borrowed from o
24、ther languages. On the other hand, Old English contains borrowed words coming from Norse and Latin. Nevertheless, about half of the most commonly used words in Modern English have Old English roots. The words, be, strong and water, for example, derive from Old English. Old English was spoken until a
25、round 1100. Now lets come to the Middle English. In 1066 William the Conqueror, the Duke of Normandy which is part of modern France, invaded and conquered England. The new conquerors called the Normans brought with them a kind of French, which became the language of the Royal Court, and the ruling a
26、nd business classes. For a period there was a kind of linguistic class division, where the lower classes spoke English and the upper classes spoke French. In the 14th century English became dominant in Britain again, but with many French words added. This language is called Middle English. It was th
27、e language of the great poet Chaucer. Middle English was still a Germanic language but it is different from Old English in many ways. Grammar and the sound system changed a good deal. People started to rely more on word order and structure words to express their meaning rather than the use of case s
28、ystem. “This can be called as a simplification but it is not exactly. Languages dont become simpler, they merely exchange one kind of complexity for another“, Clark and Es-chholz says. Middle English would still be difficult for native English speakers to understand today. Following up is the early
29、Modern English. Towards the end of Middle English, English underwent a couple of sound changes. One change was the elimination of a vowel sound in certain unstressed positions at the end of the words. The change was important because it effected thousands of words and gave a different aspect to the
30、whole language. The other change is what is called the Great Vowel Shift. This was a systematic shifting of half a dozen vowels and diphthongs in stressed syllables. These two changes produced the basic differences between Middle English and Modern English. But there are several other developments t
31、hat effected the language. One was the invention of printing. It was introduced to England by William Caxton in 1475. The invention of printing meant that there was now a common language in print. Books became cheaper and more people learned to read. Printing also brought standardization to English.
32、 Spelling and grammar became fixed, and the dialect of London, where most publishing houses were, became the standard. In 1604 the first English dictionary was published. From the 16th. century the British had contact with many peoples from around the world. Many new words and phrases entered the la
33、nguage. The period of Early Modern English was also a period of English Renaissance, which means the development of the people. New ideas increased. English language had grown as a result of borrowing words from French, Latin, Greek. Next, lets talk about the Late Modern English. The main difference
34、 between Early Modern English and Late Modern English is vocabulary. Late Modern English has many more words, arising from two principal factors: firstly, the Industrial Revolution and technology created a need for new words; secondly, the British Empire at its height covered one quarter of the eart
35、hs surface, and the English language adopted foreign words from many countries. Now Id like to briefly introduce to you varieties of English. From around 1600, the English colonization of North America resulted in the creation of a distinct American variety of English. Some English pronunciations an
36、d words “froze“ when they reached America. In some ways, American English is more like the English of Shakespeare than modern British English is. Some expressions that the British call “Americanisms“ are in fact original British expressions that were preserved in the colonies while lost for a time i
37、n Britain. For example trash for rubbish, loan as a verb instead of lend, and fall for autumn; another example, frame-up was re-imported into Britain through Hollywood gangster movies. Spanish also had an influence on American English and subsequently British English, with words like canyon, ranch,
38、stampede and vigilante being examples of Spanish words that entered English through the settlement of the American West. French words through Louisiana and West African words through the slave trade also influenced American English and so, to an extent, British English. Today, American English is pa
39、rticularly influential, due to the USAs dominance of cinema, television, popular music, trade and technology including the Internet. But there are many other varieties of English around the world, such as Australian English, New Zealand English, Canadian English, South African English, Indian Englis
40、h and Caribbean English. To conclude, English mainly underwent three periods of development. Hope all of you have enjoyed this lecture. Thank you. 【知识模块】 听力 1 【正确答案】 the arrival 【试题解析】 这篇讲座的主题是 “the origins and development of English(英语的起源与发展 )99 0讲座一 开始便指出英语的历史开始于三个日耳曼部落的到来。因此答案为 the arrival。 【知识模块
41、】 听力 2 【正确答案】 the Saxons 【试题解析】 三个日耳曼部落分别是盎格鲁人、撤克逊人和朱特人，此空应填入the Saxons。表示并列、举例的词句应重点记录。 【知识模块】 听力 3 【正确答案】 in grammar 【试题解析】 古英语是英语发展的第一个阶段，讲座主要从语法和词汇两方面讲述了古英语与中世纪英语的不同之处。若笔记中记录了关键句 In grammar， Old English was much more highly inflected，可知此处应填入 ingrammar. 【知识模块】 听力 4 【正确答案】 native 【试题解析】 讲座提到，古英语大部
42、分的词汇是本地英语，也有一些来自挪威和拉丁的外来语。因此答案为 native。若笔记中没记录 native一词，也可根据空格后的 borrowed ones推断。 【知识模块】 听力 5 【正确答案】 sound system 【试题解析】 在谈到中世纪英语时，讲座提到，中世纪 英语中引入了法语词汇，且语法和语音系统 (grammar andsound system)发生了很大的变化，人们开始更多地依赖词序和结构词来表达自己的意思。因此答案为 soundsystem。 【知识模块】 听力 6 【正确答案】 unstressed 【试题解析】 在谈到现代英语早期阶段时，讲座提到了几方面的改变。其
43、中之一就是消除了词尾非重读位置的一个元音字母，此空应填入 unstressed。 【知识模块】 听力 7 【正确答案】 standardization 【试题解析】 讲座提到，印刷术的出现对早期现代英语也产生了重大影响，其一就是促进了英语的标准化，填 standardization。 【知识模块】 听力 8 【正确答案】 adopting 【试题解析】 在谈到现代英语后期时，讲座提到，这个时期的英语最显著的特点是有了更多的词汇，一方面是工业革命和技术发展所引起的，另一方面则是外来语。根据题目上下文，此处应填入 adopt的 -ing形式。 【知识模块】 听力 9 【正确答案】 loan 【试题
44、解析】 讲座讲到了殖民时期给英语所带来的影响，并列举 词汇发生变化的例子，根据题目上下文此处应填入 loan。表示举例的词句是笔记重点。 【知识模块】 听力 10 【正确答案】 Spanish 【试题解析】 讲座结尾主要讲述了不同国家的语言对英语词汇的影响，由题目后半部分的词汇 canyon， ranch， stampede，再结合录音内容可推知答案为Spanish。 【知识模块】 听力 SECTION B INTERVIEW Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and
45、 then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the interview. 11 【听力 原文】 W: Lee, where are you going? M: To the post office, Sarah. I am going t
46、o send some packets to Mary. Do you know the best way to send them? W: Well, if your need is for a record of posting and delivery rather than compensation for loss, recorded delivery is particularly suitable for sending documents and papers of little or no monetary value. M: Well, what can we send f
47、or recorded delivery? W: All kinds of inland postal packets except parcels, airway and railway letters and parcels. The service does not apply to mail for the Irish Republic. M: I see. How do I post them? W: You should get a certificate of posting from the container in the post office and follow the
48、 instructions shown on the reverse. The certificate will be your record of posting. M: Can I send anything in the post? W: No, you cant. You must not send bank notes, currency notes, and some valuable things because there is no special handling in the post. Recorded delivery mail is carried with the
49、 ordinary unregistered post. And there is no special security treatment. M: How do we use recorded delivery? W: Well, when your letter or packet is delivered it is signed for by the recipient and a record is kept by the post office. The post office does not undertake to deliver recorded delivery or any other mail, to the addressee in person, but to the address shown. You can obtain confirmation of delivery by completing an Advice of Delivery Form either at
