1、专业英语八级（听力）模拟试卷 40及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lectu
2、re. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 How to Be an Expert I. Background information about the speaker A. Being an expert in anthropology him
3、self B. Starting considering the question when attending a(n)【 B1】 _【 B1】 _ thinking about how to become the person to be needed and how to become experts in ones field II. Whats an expert: five【 B2】 _ of being real experts【 B2】 _ A. Immense working knowledge of a specific field 【 B3】 _【 B3】 _ knowi
4、ng where to find information not memorized B. Significant experience working with that knowledge applying it in creative ways solving problems with【 B4】 _ solutions to refer【 B4】 _ identifying problems not noticed C.【 B5】 _【 B5】 _ making one a slave to the problem without such ability having no time
5、 to develop your expertise without such ability D.【 B6】 _【 B6】 _ embedded in a web of other experts embedded in a wider social web E. Curiosity curious about their fields able to recognize their understanding limitations, etc. III. How to become an expert A. Through schooling,【 B7】 _, etc.【 B7】 _ B.
6、 No “quick and easy“ way C. Things for you to focus on perpetual learning a)being aware of ones【 B8】 _ of current knowledge【 B8】 _ b)lifelong learning process networking a)strong connections with people in the same field b)earning to promote oneself practice:【 B9】 _ ones expertise through daily prac
7、tice【 B9】 _ presentation skills a)web design and power point b)writing, drawing, public speaking, the way you dress 【 B10】 _widely, so that【 B10】 _ a)people understand why they need an expert b)you wont be the only person to solve a problem 1 【 B1】 2 【 B2】 3 【 B3】 4 【 B4】 5 【 B5】 6 【 B6】 7 【 B7】 8 【
8、 B8】 9 【 B9】 10 【 B10】 SECTION B INTERVIEW Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following
9、five questions. Now listen to the interview. 11 According to Prof. Snow, which of the following statements is INCORRECT? （ A） Younger language learners learning capacity is almost the same as the olders. （ B） Peoples language learning capacity is biologically determined. （ C） There is no critical pe
10、riod for second-language learning. （ D） Both older and younger learners have their advantages and disadvantages. 12 Older learners are faster second-language learners because （ A） they master more than one language. （ B） they utilize languages with literacy skills. （ C） they do well in algebra and h
11、istory. （ D） they practice languages on a regular basis. 13 In the process of acquiring second-language skills, younger learners are keen on the following EXCEPT （ A） meanings. （ B） phrases. （ C） longer expressions. （ D） unfamiliar sounds. 14 Success in learning a target language involves （ A） less
12、recourse to the target language. （ B） less immersion in the first language. （ C） higher second-language proficiency. （ D） motivation to forget the first language. 15 According to Prof. Snow, which of the following is CORRECT? （ A） Children become bilingual in learning a second language. （ B） Childre
13、n have difficulties in maintaining two languages. （ C） Adult second-language learners become monolingual in learning a second language. （ D） Adults are more likely to achieve native-like proficiency to learn a second language. SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST Directions: In this section you will hear everyt
14、hing ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. At the end of each news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. 16 Before Sarkozys plans were carried out, the minimum retirement age in France was （ A） 62. （ B） 64. （ C） 60 （ D） not known. 17 Opponents s
15、uggest that the pension system should be good for （ A） the better-off. （ B） financial institutions. （ C） ordinary people. （ D） government. 18 Which of the following is CORRECT about the latest earthquake in Indonesia? （ A） It led to a terrible tsunami at 7:30. （ B） More than 1,000 people have died.
16、（ C） Buildings were shaken in Padang. （ D） No severe damage has been caused. 19 The idea that humans activities are related to climate change is （ A） evident. （ B） prevailing. （ C） denied. （ D） controversial. 20 Agreement on climate change is difficult to reach because （ A） the truth about climate c
17、hange is only partially told. （ B） the situation is changing all the time. （ C） greenhouse gases are hard to control in poor countries. （ D） cooling periods have gone decades ago. 专业英语八级（听力）模拟试卷 40答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear th
18、e lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the
19、gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 【听力原文】 How to Be an Expert Hi, everyone. Ive been thinking lately, what makes someone an “expert“ in his or her field, which is also the topic of todays lecture. As far as I know, Lorelle has been thinking the same thing, b
20、ecause she recently wrote a post called What Gives You the Right to Tell Me? at the Blog Herald that explores the issue of expertise in some depth. For me, this question started to occur to me when I was invited to speak at an academic conference on anthropology recently. Apparently, I have become a
21、n expert on the topic, someone people look to when they want more information. How did that happen? This is not a topic I studied at school or the subject of my dissertation; in fact, it wasnt even really a topic at all until the US Army released their new counterinsurgency field manual last year an
22、d started for operations in Iraq and Afghanistan. Thinking about how I came to be a “go-to“ person on this topic has gotten me thinking about how anyone becomes the person to call when you need help, about how people become experts in their field. In fact, anyone who thinks they have learned everyth
23、ing there is to know about a topic probably isnt an expert Id call them something closer to “rank amateur“. Lets start with this question: Whats an expert? While knowledge is obviously an important quality of expertise, its only one of several factors that make someone an expert in their field. Ive
24、come up with five characteristics of real experts: knowledge, experience, communication ability, connectedness and curiosity. Now lets come to them respectively in detail. Clearly being an expert requires an immense working knowledge of your subject. Part of this is memorized information, and part o
25、f it is knowing where to find information you havent memorized. In addition to knowledge, an expert needs to have significant experience working with that knowledge. He or she needs to be able to apply it in creative ways, to be able to solve problems that have no pre-existing solutions they can loo
26、k up and to identify problems that nobody else has noticed yet. Expertise without the ability to communicate it is practically pointless. Being the only person in the world who can solve a problem, time after time after time, doesnt make you an expert, it makes you a slave to the problem. It might m
27、ake you a living, but its not going to give you much time to develop your expertise meaning sooner or later, someone with knowledge and communication ability is going to figure out your secret, teach it to the world, and leave you to the dustbin of history. Expertise is, ultimately, social. Experts
28、are embedded in a web of other exper|s who exchange new ideas and approaches to problems, and they are embedded in a wider social web that connects them to people who need their expertise. Experts are curious about their field and recognize the limitations of their own understanding of it. They are
29、constantly seeking new answers, new approaches, and new ways of extending their field. Then, lets move on to this topic: How to become an expert? Sometimes becoming an expert just kind of happens, which is how I became an expert in anthropology and counterinsurgency without really trying. But most o
30、f the time, we carefully pursue expertise, whether through schooling, self-education, on-the-job training, or some other avenue. Theres no “quick and easy“ path to expertise. That said, people do become experts every day, in all sorts of fields. You become an expert by focusing on these things: Firs
31、tly, that is perpetual learning. Being an expert means being aware, sometimes painfully aware, of the limitations of your current level of knowledge. There simply is no point as which youre “done“ learning your field. Invest yourself in a lifelong learning process. Constantly be on the lookout for i
32、deas and views both within and from outside your own field that can extend your own understanding. Then, build strong connections with other people in your field. Seek out mentors and make yourself available to the less experienced. Also, learn to promote yourself to the people who need your skills
33、the only way youll gain experience is by getting out and doing, which is whats we called networking. Furthermore, not just in the “gain experience“ sense but in your the “practice what you preach“ sense. You wouldnt trust a personal organizer who always forgot your appointments, or a search engine o
34、ptimization expert whose site was listed on the 438th results page in Google, right? Your daily practice needs to reflect your expertise, or people will not trust you as an expert. So, practice is necessary. The fourth thing is presentation skills: Learn to use whatever technologies you need to pres
35、ent your expertise in the best possible way. And by “technologies“ I dont just mean web design and PowerPoint, I mean writing, drawing, public speaking even the way you dress will determine whether youre taken for an expert or a know-it-all schmuck. Lastly, remember to share: 10 years ago, nobody kn
36、ew they needed expert bloggers on their staff to promote themselves. 5 years ago, nobody knew they needed SEO experts to get attention for their websites. A handful of early experts experts that, in some cases, didnt even know what they were experts in shared enough of what they knew to make people
37、understand why they needed experts. Share your knowledge widely, so that people understand why they need an expert, and you dont become a one-trick pony who is the only person who can fix a particular problem. To sum up briefly, weve discussed what an expert is and how to become one. Hope all of you
38、 have enjoyed this lecture. Thank you. 【知识模块】 听力 1 【正确答案】 academic conference 【试题解析】 讲座的主题是 what makes someone an expert in his her field?接着演讲者提到了他在一次受邀参加有关人类学的学术会议演讲时开始思考这个问题，因此答案为 academic conference。文章一开始介绍讲座的主题和演讲者对主题的看法或相关叙述，是常考之处。 【知识模块】 听力 2 【正确答案】 characteristics features 【试题解析】 此题开始谈论作为真正领域
39、专家的 5个特征，故答案为characteristics或 features。要点提示 lets startwith后是常考内容，笔记不可忽略。 【知识模块】 听力 3 【正确答案】 memorized information 【试题解析】 此题涉及第一个特征的具体信息，包括两种类型： memorized information和 knowing where to find information。因此答案为 memorized information。 【 知识模块】 听力 4 【正确答案】 no pre-existing no ready-made 【试题解析】 此题涉及第二个特征 exp
40、erience。讲座提到，他她应能解决无前例可参考的问题，因此，空白处应为 nopreexisting或同义词 no ready-made。 【知识模块】 听力 5 【正确答案】 Communication ability Ability to communicate 【试题解析】 此题涉及第三个特征。在之前的录音中已出现过该信息knowledge， experience， communication ability， connectedness and curiosity，而且根据具体的深入解释， Expertise without the ability to communicate it
41、 ispractically pointless可知答案应为 Communication ability或 Ability to communicate。 【知识模块】 听力 6 【正确答案】 Connectedness Being socialized 【试题解析】 此题在之前的录音中也出现过。此外，讲座还提到 Expertise is,ultimately， social，因此答案为 Connectedness或 Being socialized。分论点或分标题是常考之处，笔记需注意。 【知识模块】 听力 7 【正确答案】 self-education on-the-job trainin
42、g 【试题解析】 此题开始谈论文章的第二个主题，如何成为专家。列举了几种方式 pursue expertise ， whether throughschooling， self-education， onthe-job training， or some other avenue，结合题目出现的 etc.，只需填入其中一个内容即可。可知答案为 self-education或 on-the-job training。列举是常考之处，尤其是多个方式，笔记应特别留意。 【知识模块】 听力 8 【正确答案】 limitation lack shortage 【试题解析】 考查 perpetual le
43、arning的内容。讲座提到 “作为专家，就意味着要保持清醒，有 时会是痛苦的清醒，因为你必须知晓你目前知识水平所存在的缺陷(limitation)。 ”故答案为 limitation，或根据句意填入同义词 lack， shortage。 【知识模块】 听力 9 【正确答案】 reflecting showing presenting 【试题解析】 考查 practice的内容。根据 “你的每日练习需反映 (reflect)出你的专业技能，否则人们不会相信你是位专家 ”，故答案为 reflecting或 showing，presenting。 【知识模块】 听力 10 【正确答案】 shari
44、ng your knowledge 【试题解析】 由原文 Share your knowledge widely可知本题答案。关于分论点或分标题的内容是常考之处，笔记需注意。 【知识模块】 听力 SECTION B INTERVIEW Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of
45、the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the interview. 11 【听力原文】 M: Today we have Professor Snow in our studio. Shes an expert on language education. Well, do you believe that the critical period for language acquisition affects ones a
46、bility to learn a second language? Might it affect the way in which one learns that second language? W: The evidence clearly demonstrates that there is no critical period for second-language learning, that there is no biologically determined constraint on language learning capacity that emerges at a
47、 particular age, nor any maturational process which requires that older language learners function differently than younger language learners. There are, however, myriad differences between older and younger learners that play themselves out in second-language learning just as they do in the learnin
48、g of a musical instrument, a sport, or nuclear physics. For some aspects of learning, older learners have compelling advantages; for others, they have disadvantages. Those advantages and disadvantages emerge as a result of many variables that vary with age. These variables include how much one alrea
49、dy knows, how strategic ones learning can be, how embarrassed one is about making errors, etc., and are not biologically determined. M: Could you offer any potential explanations for the fact that older learners of a second language typically achieve basic proficiency in the new language more rapidly than younger learners? W: Older learners do have many advantages. Fi
