1、专业英语八级（听力）模拟试卷 7及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lectur
2、e. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 Understanding Depression I. Misunderstanding of depression Mistakenly believe that depression comes fro
3、m 【 B1】 _ 【 B1】 _ Criticize the depressed persons low energy A wrong belief that the depressed attitude can be 【 B2】 _ 【 B2】 _ II. Causes of depression 1. Genetics depression runs in families 2. Life events e.g. 【 B3】 _ of a close family member 【 B3】 _ or friend can lead to depression 3. Family and
4、social environment it includes 【 B4】 _ living situations such as poverty; homelessness; 【 B4】_ and violence in the family, relationships, or community 4. 【 B5】 _ 【 B5】 _ substance use and abuse have impacts on mood III. Symptoms of depression 1. Depressed mood 2. Weight changes 3. Sleep 【 B6】 _ 【 B6
5、】 _ 4. Feelings of guilt or 【 B7】 _ 【 B7】 _ 5. Brain fog 6. Thoughts of 【 B8】 _ 【 B8】 _ IV . Means to survive depression 1. 【 B9】 _ 【 B9】 _ help people understand depression and what they can do about it 2. Medication make sure to get the right dose 3. A combination of both 4. Suggestion for friends
6、: help the severely depressed person receive the right treatment rather than cheer up them or 【 B10】 _ with them 【 B10】 _ 1 【 B1】 2 【 B2】 3 【 B3】 4 【 B4】 5 【 B5】 6 【 B6】 7 【 B7】 8 【 B8】 9 【 B9】 10 【 B10】 10 Some Theories of History I. The problems of understanding history History with written record
7、s: the records may be 【 B1】 _ and inaccurate. 【 B1】 _ History before writing: we can only make a partial reconstruction. II. Some theories have been proposed to give coherence to human history Theory 1 Man continually 【 B2】 _ in terms of his potentials and 【 B2】 _ his abilities to actualize these po
8、tentials. l Modern man is superior to his ancestors 【 B3】 _, physically and morally. 【 B3】 _ A branch of the theory: man rose to a 【 B4】 _ before. 【 B4】 _ Theory 2 Mans history is a 【 B5】 _ of stages of development, 【 B5】 _ whose pattern is the rise and fall of civilization. Whether modern man is su
9、perior to his ancestors depends on what 【 B6】 _ of civilization he is in. 【 B6】 _ Theory 3 In this theory, the first two theories 【 B7】 _ with each other. 【 B7】 _ It is known as the 【 B8】 _ of history. 【 B8】 _ Theory 4 This theory views human history from the 【 B9】 _ 【 B9】 _ of socioeconomic groups.
10、 Human history can be interpreted as the 【 B10】 _ of class struggle. 【 B10】_ 11 【 B1】 12 【 B2】 13 【 B3】 14 【 B4】 15 【 B5】 16 【 B6】 17 【 B7】 18 【 B8】 19 【 B9】 20 【 B10】 20 Types of Language Testing I. Placement sort new students into 【 B1】 _ 【 B1】 _ test the students 【 B2】 _ rather than specific poin
11、ts of learning 【 B2】_ Interview as a good form of placement tests: - 【 B3】 _ both positive and negative factors that 【 B3】 _ are not revealed by written tests - assess both oral production and fluency II. Diagnostic also called 【 B4】 _ or progress tests 【 B4】 _ check students progress after learning
12、 a particular point the results 【 B5】 _ those learning well, meanwhile, 【 B5】 _ give feedback to those not III. 【 B6】 _ 【 B6】 _ also called attainment tests examine a longer period of learning than diagnostic tests determine which level a student lies with 【 B7】 _ standard 【 B7】 _ IV . Proficiency a
13、ssess the students ability in 【 B8】 _ 【 B8】 _ test students ability to repair 【 B9】 _ in communication 【 B9】 _ An example of proficiency test: TOEFL - Listening Comprehension: to measure the ability to understand English as it is spoken in US - Structure and Written Expression: to examine the knowle
14、dge of structural and 【 B10】 _ points in standard written English 【 B10】 _ - Vocabulary and Reading Comprehension: to test the ability to understand a variety of reading materials 21 【 B1】 22 【 B2】 23 【 B3】 24 【 B4】 25 【 B5】 26 【 B6】 27 【 B7】 28 【 B8】 29 【 B9】 30 【 B10】 专业英语八级（听力）模拟试卷 7答案与解析 SECTION
15、 A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, y
16、ou will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 【听力原文】 Understanding Depression Good morning, everyone. Today well talk about the topic of depression. As we all know, depression is
17、very common and affects people of every color, race, economic status, or age. Unfortunately, not everyone recognizes depression when it happens to someone they know. 1Some people have the mistaken belief that depression comes from weakness or is a character flaw. Some people dont really understand a
18、bout depression. People who dont understand may react to a depressed persons low energy with criticism, yelling at the person for acting lazy or not trying harder. 2Some people mistakenly believe that depression is just an attitude or a mood that a person can shake off. Its not that easy. In todays
19、lecture, in order to erase these misunderstandings and draw a rough picture of this issue, we will cover three domains of depression. They are causes, symptoms of depression and the way to get over it. Firstly, let us begin with the causes of depression. Actually there is no single cause for depress
20、ion. Many factors play a role including genetics, life events, environment, and medical conditions. Research shows that depression runs in families and that some people inherit genes that make it more likely for them to get depressed. Not everyone who has the genetic makeup for depression gets depre
21、ssed, though. And many people who have no family history of depression have the condition. So although genes are one factor, they arent the single cause of depression. The second factor is some upset life events. 3The death of a family member, friend, or pet can go beyond normal grief and sometimes
22、lead to depression. Other difficult life events, such as when parents divorce, separate, or remarry, can trigger depression. Even events like moving or changing schools can be emotionally challenging enough that a person becomes depressed. Family and social environment also play a role. For some peo
23、ple, a negative, stressful, or unhappy family atmosphere can affect their self-esteem and lead to depression. 4This can also include high-stress living situations such as poverty; homelessness; and violence in the family, relationships, or community. Substance use and abuse also can cause chemical c
24、hanges in the brain that affect moodalcohol and some drugs are known to have depressant effects. 5Certain medical conditions can affect hormone balance and therefore have an effect on mood. When these medical conditions are diagnosed and treated by a doctor, the depression usually disappears. Second
25、ly, let us take a look at the symptoms of depression. Although depression varies from person to person, there are some common signs and symptoms. Here are some major symptoms that people have when theyre depressed. 1. Depressed mood, a person may report feeling “sad” or “empty” or may cry frequently
26、. Children and adolescents may exhibit irritability. 2. Weight changes, significant changes in weight when not attempting to gain or lose may be indicative of depression. 3. 6Sleep disturbances, insomnia or sleeping too much may be a symptom of depression. 4. 7Feelings of worthlessness or guilt, a d
27、epressed person may feel that they have no value or they may feel inappropriately guilty about things they have no control over. 5. “Brain Fog”, it means a depressed person may have a diminished ability to think, concentrate or make decisions. 6. 8Thoughts of suicide, a depressed person may have rec
28、urring thoughts of death, especially thoughts of suicide, with or without a specific plan. When someone has five or more of these symptoms most of the time for two weeks or longer, that person is probably depressed. Depression is more than occasionally feeling blue, sad, or down, but a strong mood i
29、nvolving sadness, discouragement, despair, or hopelessness that lasts for weeks, months, or even longer. It interferes with a persons ability to participate in normal activities. Next, lets turn to the next main point, how to get help if someone gets depressed. Depression is one of the most common e
30、motional problems. The good news is that its also one of the most treatable conditions. There are professionals who can help. In fact, about 80% of people who get help for their depression have a better quality of lifethey function better and enjoy themselves in a way that they werent able to before
31、. Treatment for depression can include talk therapy, medication, or a combination of both. 9Talk therapy with a mental health professional is very effective in treating depression. Therapy sessions help people understand depression and what they can do about it. Sometimes, doctors prescribe medicine
32、 for a person who has depression. When prescribing medicine, a doctor will carefully monitor patients to make sure they get the right dose. The doctor will adjust the dose as necessary. It can take a few weeks before the person feels the medicine working. Because every persons brain is different, wh
33、at works well for one person might not be good for another. One more suggestion I want to give to the friend of a depressed person is that friends need to step in if someone seems severely depressed and isnt getting help. Although its important to be supportive, trying to cheer up a friend or reason
34、ing with him or her probably wont work to help depression or suicidal feelings go away. 10Depression can be so strong that it outweighs a persons ability to respond to reason. Even if your friend has asked you to promise not to tell, this is a situation where telling could save a life. The most impo
35、rtant thing a depressed person can do is to get the right treatment. Up till now, weve got a general idea of depression, including causes, and symptoms of depression and the way to survive depression. In our next lecture, well continue to discuss another health problem, obesity. 【知识模块】 听力讲座 1 【正确答案】
36、 weakness 【知识模块】 听力讲座 2 【正确答案】 shaken off 【知识模块】 听力讲座 3 【正确答案】 death 【知识模块】 听力讲座 4 【正确答案】 high-stress 【知识模块】 听力讲座 5 【正确答案】 Medical conditions 【知识模块】 听力讲座 6 【正确答案】 disturbances 【知识模块】 听力讲座 7 【正确答案】 worthlessness 【知识模块】 听力讲座 8 【正确答案】 suicide 【知识模块】 听力讲座 9 【正确答案】 Talk therapy 【知识模块】 听力讲座 10 【正确答案】 reas
37、on 【知识模块】 听力讲座 10 【听力原文】 Some Theories of History Good morning, everyone. In todays lecture, we are going to talk about some theories of history. How much of mans history do we know? We really know very little. 1Written records exist for only a fraction of what we suppose to have been mans time as a
38、 unique species. Furthermore, the accuracy of these records is often suspected, and the scope and selection of significant detail in them often needs improvement. It is worse when we try to reconstruct mans history before the development of writing, and this is unfortunate because the history of the
39、 early development of human society is lost to us. The most that we can do is to use traces, deduction, speculation and the knowledge we have of the habits of those animals which have some elementary social order to help us make a partial reconstruction. This is hardly a satisfactory substitute for
40、precise information. With our knowledge of human history, which is only fragmentary at best, it is therefore nearly impossible to reconstruct the beginning, and to deduce the end, of the story of man. Thus, there have developed many schools of thought on the subject, each of which attempts to give c
41、oherence to the human past by fitting it into the framework of a theory of history. 2The first theory I want to introduce is assumed that man continually progress. He has evolved from a lower to a higher form of being, and he continues to evolve. This evolution takes place both in terms of his poten
42、tials and his abilities to actualize these potentials. 3If one holds this theory, one feels that modern man must be more intelligent and civilized today than his ancestors, as well as physically and morally superior to them. One further assumes that this progress will continue into an ever more glor
43、ious future. Here deduction often ends and dreams of utopia begin, for it seems that most of us find it hard to think of the human race developing into a race of angels. All in all, as a theory of history, the above view has had many eminent supporters. It might be well to mention here a variation o
44、n this theory that used to be popular, 4namely the idea that man rose from a low condition to a Golden Age at some time in the remote past, and that things have gone straight downhill ever since. Many eminent men have found a sort of gloomy comfort in this idea, but science has now opened up possibi
45、lities for the future which makes this theory less defendable. Perhaps for this reason the theory has little modern support. A second theory of history is held by those men who see mans history as something quite different from a simple progression from a lower to a higher state. 5They see it as a c
46、ycle of stages of development which are predictable in their broad outlines and main features. As surely as a civilization rises and comes into being, so also must it decline and fall. The chief pattern one sees in history is the rise and fall of civilization. To holders of this theory, modern man i
47、s not looked upon as the most superior social being yet produced. He is simply the typical product of the current stage in the cycle of our civilization. In fact he may actually be inferior to members of past civilizations. 6It all depends upon what stage of civilization we happen to be living in. I
48、ndeed, it has been said that the average modern literate city dweller is comparatively more ignorant of his eras fund of knowledge than other literate city dwellers of the past. While the staggering fund of knowledge in our technologically advanced world is undoubtedly greater than that of any past civilization, it is probably true that the average moder
