1、专业英语八级（听力）练习试卷 6及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lectur
2、e. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 What is a port city? As a center of land-sea exchange, a major source of livelihood, a major force for
3、cultural【 1】 , the port cities have many different points with other kinds of cities: . Port and harbour 1) Harbour is a physical concept, a【 2】 for ships; 2) Port is an economic concept, a center of【 3】 . . Port cities and non-port cities Many of the worlds biggest cities, for example, London, New
4、York, Shanghai, Istanbul, Buenos Aires, Tokyo, Jakarta, Calcutta, Philadelphia and【 4】 began as ports. . Port functions The most important functions of port are making a city【 5】 . In it races, cultures, (6) , as well as goods from a variety of places, jostle, mix and enrich each other and the life
5、of the city. . Transformed sea port Sea ports have been transformed by the advent of powered vessels so many formerly important ports have become economically and physically【 7】 as a result. . Basic function of the port cities 【 8】 the city is port cities basic function. For example, Shanghai, did m
6、ost of its trade with other Chinese ports and inland cities. Calcutta traded mainly with other parts of India and so on. . Other activities No city can be simply a port but must be involved in a variety of other activities, and a city may still be regarded as a port city when it becomes involved in
7、a great range of functions not immediately involved with ships【 9】 . . The location of the chief commercial and administrative center in port cities Cities which began as ports retain the chief commercial and administrative center of the city close to【 10】 . 1 【 1】 2 【 2】 3 【 3】 4 【 4】 5 【 5】 6 【 6】
8、 7 【 7】 8 【 8】 9 【 9】 10 【 10】 SECTION B INTERVIEW Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the fo
9、llowing five questions. Now listen to the interview. 11 When an employee joins a union, according to Jim Thayer, the employee _. （ A） becomes more independent （ B） becomes his or her own bargaining agent （ C） becomes a captive （ D） becomes worried about having bargaining agents 12 Jim Thayer believe
10、s that when you work for a small business which is non-union, you _. （ A） find that your freedom is greatly reduced （ B） have a higher degree of freedom （ C） lose your freedom （ D） become more dependent 13 According to Jim Thayer, you absolutely lose your freedom _. （ A） when you go to work for a sm
11、all business that is non-union （ B） when you are able to negotiate one-to-one （ C） when you become a captive to any big organization （ D） when you become a captive to any small business 14 According to Jim Thayer, the main thing that leads to employee satisfaction is _. （ A） having a good salary and
12、 numerous fringes benefits （ B） the feeling of being important in an organization （ C） having the opportunity to discuss personal problems with the president of the organization （ D） understanding this materialistic economy and rolling with it 15 Jim Thayer believes that people in business should wo
13、rry more about what services they are providing and less about _. （ A） whether their employees are satisfied or not （ B） what kind of problems their employees have （ C） how much they are going to make （ D） what kind of difficulties they have in their work SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST Directions: In this
14、 section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. At the end of each news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. 16 What does the World Bank president think can help to bring peace to the world? （ A） Rich and poor countries
15、unite together. （ B） To improve equity and social justice. （ C） Everybody can make 2 dollars a day. （ D） People in rich countries pay more tax. 17 What do Americans mainly do on Internet? （ A） Purchase new products. （ B） Watch movies. （ C） Personal communication and research. （ D） To interpret other
16、 peoples information. 18 According to the report, what is the main concern of the online consumers? （ A） Information security. （ B） Price of the product. （ C） If they can buy the right product. （ D） If the transaction can be settled quickly. 19 Rabbi Michael Strassfeld says that one should be gratef
17、ul _. （ A） when everything goes smoothly （ B） when the sun stands still （ C） for peoples appreciation （ D） for everyday aspects of life 20 When a traditional Jew blesses God as “the true Judge“ at hearing someones death, he _. （ A） is acknowledging that death is part of life （ B） is happy that his e
18、nemy finally died （ C） thinks that death is a blessing （ D） God is good to that person 专业英语八级（听力）练习试卷 6答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not
19、be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 【听力原文】 What is a
20、port city? Hello, everyone. In todays lecture Id like to talk something about the port city. Just as we all know, the port city provides a fascinating and rich understanding of the movement of people and goods around the world. We understand a port as a center of land-sea exchange, and as a major so
21、urce of livelihood and a major force for cultural mixing. But do ports all produce a range of common urban characteristics which justify classifying port cities together under a single generic label? Do they have enough in common to warrant distinguishing them from other kinds cities. The following
22、are some points about that: First of all, a port must be distinguished from a harbour. They are two very different things. Most ports have poor harbours, and many fine harbours see few ships. Harbour is a physical concept, a shelter for ships; port is an economic concept, a center of land-sea exchan
23、ge which requires good access to a hinterland even more than a sea-linked foreland. It is handward access, which is productive of goods for export and which demands imports, that is critical. Poor harbours can be improved with breakwaters and dredging if there is a demand for a port. Madras and Colo
24、mbo are examples of harbours expensively improved by enlarging, dredging and building breakwaters. Port cities become industrial, financial and service centers and political capitals because of their water connections and the urban concentration which arises there and later draws to it railways, hig
25、hways and air routes. Water transport means cheap access, the chief basis of all port cities. Many of the worlds biggest cities, for example, London, New York, Shanghai, Istanbul, Buenos Aires, Tokyo, Jakarta, Calcutta, Philadelphia and San Francisco began as ports-that is, with land-sea exchange as
26、 their major function-but they have since grown disproportionately in other respects so that their port functions are no longer dominant. They remain different kinds of places from non-port cities and their port functions account for that difference. Port functions, more than anything else, make a c
27、ity cosmopolitan. A port city is open to the world. In it races, cultures, and idea, as will as goods from a variety of places, jostle, mix and enrich each other and the life of the city. The smell of the sea and the harbour, the sound of boat whistles or the moving tides are symbols of their multip
28、le links with a wide world, samples of which are present in microcosm within their own urban areas. Sea ports have been transformed by the advent of powered vessels, whose size and draught have increased. Many formerly important ports have become economically and physically less accessible as a resu
29、lt. By-passed by most of their former enriching flow of exchange, they have become cultural and economic backwaters or have acquired the character of museums of the past. Examples of these are Charleston, Salem, Bristol, Plymouth, Surat, Galle, Melaka, Suzhou chow, and a long list of earlier promine
30、nt port cities in Southeast Asia, Africa and Latin America. Much domestic port trade has not been recorded. What evidence we have suggests that domestic trade was greater at all periods than external trade. Shanghai, for example, did most of its trade with other Chinese ports and inland cities. Calc
31、utta traded mainly with other parts of India and so on. Most of any citys population is engaged in providing goods and services for the city itself. Trade outside the city is its basic function. But each basic worker requires food, housing, clothing and other such services. Estimates of the ratio of
32、 basic to service workers range from 1:4 to 1:8. No city can be simply a port but must be involved in a variety of other activities. The port function of the city draws to it raw materials and distributes them in many other forms. Ports take advantage of the need for breaking up the bulk material wh
33、ere water and land transport meet and where loading and unloading costs can be minimized by refining raw materials or turning them into finished goods. The major examples here are oil refining and ore refining, which are commonly located at ports. It is not easy to draw a line around what is and is
34、not a port function. All ports handle, unload, sort, alter, process, repack, and reship most of what they receive. A city may still be regarded as a port city when it becomes involved in a great range of functions not immediately involved with ships or docks. Cities which began as ports retain the c
35、hief commercial and administrative center of the city close to the waterfront. The center of New York is in lower Manhattan between two river mouths, the City of London is on the Thames, Shanghai along the Bund. This proximity to water is also tree of Boston, Philadelphia, Bombay, Calcutta, Madras,
36、Singapore, Bangkok, Hong Kong and Yokohama, where the commercial, financial, and administrative centers are still grouped around their harbours even though each city has expanded into a metropolis. Even a casual visitor cannot mistake them as anything but port cities. 【知识模块】 听力 1 【正确答案】 mixing 【知识模块
37、】 听力 2 【正确答案】 shelter 【知识模块】 听力 3 【正确答案】 land-sea exchange 【知识模块】 听力 4 【正确答案】 San Francisco 【知识模块】 听力 5 【正确答案】 cosmopolitan 【知识模块】 听力 6 【正确答案】 and idea 【知识模块】 听力 7 【正确答案】 less accessible 【 知识模块】 听力 8 【正确答案】 or docks 【知识模块】 听力 9 【正确答案】 or docks 【知识模块】 听力 10 【正确答案】 the waterfront 【知识模块】 听力 SECTION B I
38、NTERVIEW Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the
39、interview. 10 【听力原文】 Thayer: Well, I think that, probably, the, uh. speaking of it from an employers standpoint, the easiest thing for an employer to do would be to join a union. Now this might seem? Interviewer: From an employers, uh. Thayer: From an employers standpoint. The reason is that you hav
40、e the security of never having to worry about having employees. Uh. youd be meeting a? Interviewer: Uh-huh? Thayer: . a certain criteria because the unions set the criteria for the people that work-their salaries, their fringe benefits, and so on. Interviewer: And you.you probably have one outfit to
41、 deal with, rather that. Thayer: Thats correct. So you - from the employee standpoint, of course, you have the problem that the employee is.is captive to a set of criteria. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Thayer: . and his freedom is greatly reduced because of the fact that.that his bargaining agent is someone
42、 else- its not himself. Interviewer: Hes no longer in an individual-to-employer situation. Thayer: That is correct. Interviewer: Is it a trade-off.uh.to a certain extent? I mean, uh. Thayer: Well, my feeling is.one of the nice things about working for a small business which is non-union, you have a
43、higher degree of freedom. And that its much easier from the employees standpoint.uh.to be able to negotiate one-to-one, than to work through a shop steward, or.or a union agent that tells you what youre going to do. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Thayer: And so,.uh.thats one of the great advantages of a small
44、 business-because most of them are non-union, and they have survived in the country. Interviewer: .and.and its those people that are really independent that have made this country too. But when you become a captive to any big organization-whether its a corporation, a union or a government-you just a
45、bsolutely lose your freedom. Interviewer: What are some of the factors that.uh.you feel, on this one-to-one kind of basis, lead to employee satisfaction? Uh. Thayer: Well, the main.the main thing, I think, is being identified in.in an organization that.that you are important. And.uh.uh.each individu
46、al.uh.uh.in a company of- like.like, I go through uh.every so .often . and.just jot what everybodys doing, and make sure that Ive got them placed properly. Its a very informal method, but just Interviewer: So, you know what everybodys doing . Thayer: Thats right. Interviewer: In part, what you seem
47、to be saying is that . uh . a lot of the job satisfaction has to do with . uh . recognition . uh . Thayer: Right. And ? and the leadership in the company. Interviewer: Uh-hm . Thayer: I mean, people have to be proud of that particular company, or they just wont stick around. Interviewer: Loyalty or
48、identification with the purposed of. Thayer: You- it goes both ways. And.and one of the biggest struggles is to make sure that.that you are aware of all the problems-individual problems-that people are having, and sit down with them. Like, I sat down with one lady this morning whose husband may have
49、 to have open-heart surgery. And i spent maybe ten minutes or fifteen minutes with her discussing the options and.uhthe problems. And.uh and.uh.this is her.this is her major problem right now. So. Interviewer: Her main concern, and that, essentially, is a personal kind of problem. Thayer: Thats right. Interviewer: .and yet you. Thayer: But you can do that in a small company! Interviewer: There is this traditional image around the world-the typical success st
