1、专业英语八级（改错）模拟试卷 160及答案与解析 一、 PART III LANGUAGE USAGE 0 Its the holiday season and that means kids by the millions are asking Santa for the opportunity to blow away enemy soldiers and aliens on the Xbox or PlayStation. Would parents be worried about【 M1】 _ buying such gifts? Violent video games are no
2、w an established part of our culture; recent releases of games such as Call of Duty: Modern Warfare and Skyrim have setting sales records for media【 M2】 _ releases(topping even blockbuster movies)and garnishing lavish reviews for their artistic merits. Ten years ago, scholars and politicians raised
3、the possibility such games might contribute to【 M3】 _ school shootings or other youth violence. Our modern fears over Violent video games appear to be in line with prior moral panics over media as diversely as jazz music,【 M4】 _ comic books and Harry Potter. Granted, too much passive activity, inclu
4、ding video games, can contribute to obesity. Unlike【 M5】 _ anything else, gaming should be enjoyed in moderation, balanced with outdoor activity, allowed enough time for family and【 M6】 _ schoolwork. A very small number of kids exhibit signs of pathological gaming. And regarding concerns about aggre
5、ssion, it【 M7】 _ appears to be that, fairly early on, children learn to distinguish between fantasy and reality, and their brains dont treat these phenomena the same. Santa Claus is a primary example. Despite【 M8】 _ that not only their parents but all of society conspiring to lie to【 M9】 _ children
6、about the reality of this fellow, children can reason out the improbability of its existence by the mid-elementary years. With【 M10】 _ those kinds of reasoning powers, kids can handle a video game that doesnt even claim to be real. 1 【 M1】 2 【 M2】 3 【 M3】 4 【 M4】 5 【 M5】 6 【 M6】 7 【 M7】 8 【 M8】 9 【
7、M9】 10 【 M10】 10 For most of American history, businesses were run to provide livelihoods and “reasonable“ profit. In the last few decades, though, business and society in the general have moved toward【 M1】 _ emphasizing profit maximization and individual self-interest. The transfer from “reasonable
8、 profit“ to profit maximization has【 M2】 _ significant implications for corporate behavior and government regulation. However, how society views the purpose of the【 M3】 _ corporation has significant implications not only for business, but also for the perceived responsibilities of its civilians, the
9、ir【 M4】 _ interactions with each other, and their obligation to their fellow countrymen. Today, it is uncommon for corporations to direct their【 M5】 _ attention to serving for shareholder and management interests, and【 M6】 _ to achieving the highest short-term financial return. Not only has this vie
10、w become commonplace in society and the economy, it has permeated educational institutions and affected how young people see the role of corporations. Lost in this orientation, though, is a sense of the corporation as a creature of the state, created and gave special powers and【 M7】 _ privileges by
11、the state. The historic balance between “we“ versus “me“ has shifted dramatic toward a focus on self-interest at the【 M8】 _ expense of societal interest. The result has been a decline in broad social and economic values in favor of viewing the corporation solely a vehicle for personal financial enri
12、chment. That view【 M9】 _ represents a significant shift from the historicalwhich the grant【 M10】 _ of corporate privilege was to advance public purposes such as building roads, bridges, and canals. 11 【 M1】 12 【 M2】 13 【 M3】 14 【 M4】 15 【 M5】 16 【 M6】 17 【 M7】 18 【 M8】 19 【 M9】 20 【 M10】 20 For year
13、s, nonprofit hospitals have shied away from quantifying the amount of charitable care they provide communities. Hospital officials argue that its almost impossible to put a dollar value on charity and doing so would take valuable【 M1】 _ time and resources away from actually serving the need.【 M2】 _
14、The charity question is significant because nonprofit hospitals get major tax breaks. Also, because of loopholes in state laws, nonprofit hospitals are often permitted to make huge profits. To complicate things further, the 2005 Government Accountability【 M3】 _ Office study concluded that, when it c
15、omes to charity care, the “differences between nonprofit and for-profit groups were often big.“ To make up for this, nonprofit hospitals tend to arrange deals【 M4】 _ with city and state governments to provide “payment in lieu of taxes“(also known as PILOT programs). But for these payments【 M5】 _ oft
16、en dont equate the hospitals overall tax benefit and are【 M6】 _ perceived as acts of good faith to show that hospitals are playing nice with their communities. Recent economic downturns, therefore, have shined a【 M7】 _ detectives spotlight on the amount of charity care hospitals provide. Investigati
17、ve reports have shown up in Atlanta, East Bay and Boston newspapers question charity care policies. The Boston【 M8】 _ Globe report calculated that Bostons “10 leading hospital companies benefited from an estimated $638 million in federal, state, and local tax breaks as well state discounts on borrow
18、ing in【 M9】 _ 2007, which accounts to $264 million more than the value of【 M10】 _ care for the poor and other charity work.“ 21 【 M1】 22 【 M2】 23 【 M3】 24 【 M4】 25 【 M5】 26 【 M6】 27 【 M7】 28 【 M8】 29 【 M9】 30 【 M10】 30 Doctors baffled by an unexplained rash on peoples ears or cheeks should be on ale
19、rt for a skin allergy caused too much【 M1】 _ mobile phone use, the British Association of Dermatologists said. Citing published studies, a group said a red or itchy rash, known as【 M2】 _ “mobile phone dermatitis(皮炎 ),“ effects people who develop an【 M3】 _ allergic reaction to the nickel surface on m
20、obile phones after spending long periods of time on the devices. “It is worth doctors bear this condition in mind if they see a patient with a rash on the【 M4】 _ cheek or ear that cannot otherwise be explained,“ it said. The British group said many doctors were aware mobile phones could【 M5】 _ cause
21、 the condition. Safety concern over mobile phones has grown as more people rely on it for everyday communication, although【 M6】 _ the evidence to date has given the technology a clean bill of health when it comes to serious conditions like brain cancer. “In mobile phone dermatitis, the rash would ty
22、pical occur on the cheek or ear,【 M7】 _ depending on the metal part of the phone comes into contact with【 M8】 _ the skin,“ the group said in a statement. “In theory it could even occur on the fingers unless you spend a lot of time texting on metal【 M9】 _ menu buttons.“ Nickel is a metal found in pro
23、ducts, and ranging from mobile【 M10】 _ phones to jewelry to belt buckles and is one of the most common causes of allergic contact dermatitis, according to the Mayo Clinic in the United States. 31 【 M1】 32 【 M2】 33 【 M3】 34 【 M4】 35 【 M5】 36 【 M6】 37 【 M7】 38 【 M8】 39 【 M9】 40 【 M10】 专业英语八级（改错）模拟试卷 160答案与解析
