[外语类试卷]专业英语八级(改错)模拟试卷39及答案与解析.doc

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1、专业英语八级(改错)模拟试卷 39及答案与解析 一、 PART IV PROOFREADING & ERROR CORRECTION (15 MIN) Directions: Proofread the given passage. The passage contains TEN errors. Each indicated line contains a maximum of ONE error. In each case, only ONE word is involved. You should proofread the passage and correct it in the f

2、ollowing way: (1)For a wrong word, underline the wrong word and write the correct one in the blank provided at the end of the line. (2)For a missing word, mark the position of the missing word with a “ “ sign and write t 0 Most of animals communicate with one another to a greater or lesser de- (1)_

3、gree, and the more social a species, the more communicative it intends to be. (2)_ Communication comes in many forms it may be acoustic, visual, chemical or tactile and, depending upon the message and the medium, different types of communication may be more or less effective and/ or efficient. A spe

4、cies may excel at one type of communication and therefore be almost “blind“ in (3)_ _ another. For example, humans use a very advanced form of acoustic com munication, language, and yet our olfactory communication is extremely poor compared to most other mammals. While there arent any species that c

5、an compete for human language in (4)_ terms of their richness and complexity, some species have relatively large (5)_ vocal repertoires and extended communication networks. Elephants are one (6)_ such species. Elephants also communicate with one another using intricate chemical and tactile signals a

6、nd visual displays. If we have to rank these (7)_ different systems in order of importance to elephants we would put acous tic and chemical communication together as most important, followed by visual and tactile communication. But we are not elephants! So, why have elephants evolved such large voca

7、l repertoire and such an extensive commu- (8)_ nication network? One answer is that elephants have a very complex social system and, therefore, they have needed to develop a complex suite of vo calizations to interact in an appropriate way to the many different individu- (9)_ als they meet on a dail

8、y basis and to mediate many complex relationships (10)_ that they maintain. 1 (1) 2 (2) 3 (3) 4 (4) 5 (5) 6 (6) 7 (7) 8 (8) 9 (9) 10 (10) 10 For the average person, we all start of with approximately the same (1)_ intellect or intelligence potential. The difference between one person to an- (2)_ oth

9、er would be so slight as to be not worth considered. There are three main (3)_ factors which influence our intellect potentials and these are, the “inherited“ factor, the “environment“ factor and lastly the “chance“ factor. Everyone knows we inherit our physical characters from our parents (4)_ gene

10、s and most of us believe we also inherit the mental capabilities of one or both our parents. This inheriting mental capability factor is not simply (5)_ that of cleverness or otherwise but of personality or emotional make-up which fixes what a persons propensity will be to exercising their intellect

11、. As the inherited factor is considered to be important, in the majority of (6)_ cases, it is the least important of three factors influencing our intellect po- (7)_ tential. The environment factor has much more of an influence on our final intellect level. This intellect potential factor is greatly

12、 influenced by the way which our minds work, especially the way our mind processes new infor- (8)_ mation. It has been suggested that during the first five years of our lives we learn much new information than the sum total of all the new information (9)_ we accrue during the rest of our lives even

13、we live to be a hundred! (10)_ 11 (1) 12 (2) 13 (3) 14 (4) 15 (5) 16 (6) 17 (7) 18 (8) 19 (9) 20 (10) 20 What is brain plasticity? Does it mean that our brains are made of plas tic? Of course not. Plasticity, or neuroplasticity, is the lifelong ability of the brain to reorganize neural pathways base

14、d in new experiences. As we learn, (1)_ we acquire new knowledge and skills through instruction or experience. In order to learn or memorize a fact or skill, there must be persistent functional changes in the brain that represents the new knowledge. The ability of the (2)_ brain to change with learn

15、ing is that is known as neuroplasticity. (3)_ To illustrate the concept of plasticity, imagine the film of a camera. Pre tend that the film represents your brain. Now imagine using the camera to take a picture of the tree. When a picture is taken, the film is exposed to new (4)_ information that of

16、the image of a tree. In order the image to be retained, (5) _ the film must respond to the light and change to record the image of the tree. (6)_ Still, in order for new knowledge to be retained in memory, changes in the (7)_ brain representing the new knowledge must happen. (8)_ To illustrate plast

17、icity in another way, imagine making an impression of a coin in a lump of clay. In order for the impression of the coin to appear in the clay, changes must occur in the clay the shape of the clay changes as the coin is pressing into the clay. Similarly, the neural circuitry in the brain (9) _ must r

18、eorganize in return to experience or sensory stimulation. (10)_ 21 (1) 22 (2) 23 (3) 24 (4) 25 (5) 26 (6) 27 (7) 28 (8) 29 (9) 30 (10) 30 The pearl is a lustrous rounded gem formed inside a mollusk (软体动 物 ) . Since pearls may be formed by any shelled mollusk, the most valu- (1) _ able pearls are obt

19、ained from the oysters. Except for imitation pearls, which (2) _ are entirely man-made, all pearls are formed from a secretion (分泌物 ) around an irritating body that enters the soft tissue of a mollusk. If an irritating body enters the mollusk by accident, a natural pearl (3)_ forms. A cultured pearl

20、 forms if the irritating body is deliberately placed in the mollusk by the man. (4)_ Unlike to other gems, pearls have a natural luster, and they do not need (5)_ to be polished. Although they are usually white or cream-colored, they may also be any shade of pink, yellow, green, grey, or black. The

21、most desirable pearls are white with a creamy or pinkish cast. Black pearls are also very valuable because of their scarce. (6)_ Imitation pearls are often made to appearing very similar to natural (7)_ pearls. Moreover, they do not have the luster of natural or cultured pearls. (8)_ Another way of

22、distinguishing between imitation and natural or cultured pearls is by gently rubbing the pearls through the surface of a tooth. Imita- (9)_ tion pearls feel smoothly, while natural or cultured pearls feel rough. (10)_ 31 (1) 32 (2) 33 (3) 34 (4) 35 (5) 36 (6) 37 (7) 38 (8) 39 (9) 40 (10) 40 The pres

23、ent day African-American population, like many other ethic (1)_ groups, is several generations removed from their original land. However, (2)_ many practices and habits have been lost, dropped, stimulated, or modified. (3)_ The greatest influence on many African-American families is the lifestyle of

24、 their parents or grandparents who lived in the southern United States. Historically, African-American rites revolved food. The popular term for (4)_ African-American cooking is “soul food“. Many of these foods are rich with (5)_ nutrients, as found in collard greens and other leafy green and yellow

25、 veg etables. Other parts of the diet, however, are little in fiber, calcium, and high in fat. (6)_ With high incidence of diabetes, hypertension, heart disease, and obe sity, some African-Americans have paid a high cost for this lifestyle. Eco- (7) _ nomically disadvantaged families may have no oth

26、er choice but to eat what is available at low cost. Common ways for African-Americans to prepare for food include fry- (8)_ ing, barbecuing, and serving foods with gravy and sauces. Homely baked cakes and pies are also common. Many African-Ameri- (9)_ cans are Protestant and have no specific food re

27、strictions. A large selection and variety of food is prepared and much attention is given to individuals favorite dishes. Cultural diversity is a major issue in American eating. To fully understand the impact cultures play in American nutrition, he must (10)_ study both food and culture. 41 (1) 42 (

28、2) 43 (3) 44 (4) 45 (5) 46 (6) 47 (7) 48 (8) 49 (9) 50 (10) 专业英语八级(改错)模拟试卷 39答案与解析 一、 PART IV PROOFREADING & ERROR CORRECTION (15 MIN) Directions: Proofread the given passage. The passage contains TEN errors. Each indicated line contains a maximum of ONE error. In each case, only ONE word is involve

29、d. You should proofread the passage and correct it in the following way: (1)For a wrong word, underline the wrong word and write the correct one in the blank provided at the end of the line. (2)For a missing word, mark the position of the missing word with a “ “ sign and write t 【知识模块】 改错 1 【正确答案】 o

30、f / 【试题解析】 most和 most of都可作限定词修饰名词词组,但是 most通常直接置于复数名词之前,是类指的含义;而 most of一般和定冠词连用,置于复数名词或不可数名词之前,是特指的含义。文章的首句提到某一类事物通常是类指,而且从全文来看,是在讨论动物作为一个 整体的情况,所以这里名词 animal的指代是类指。所以是删去 of。 【知识模块】 改错 2 【正确答案】 intends tends 【试题解析】 第一句话的后半句如果按照字面解释,是 “一个物种越是具有群居性,它就越是打算具有交际性 ”。对于一个物种来说,它怎么可能 “计划或打算 ”具有交际性呢 ?其实这句话是

31、在描述一种可能会发生的倾向,所以是动词 tend的误用。 intend和 tend的误用是由于形似造成的。 【知识模块】 改错 3 【正确答案】 therefore / 或 therefore yet 【试题解析】 这 题考查的是连接词的用法。仔细阅读这句话就会发现 and的前后两句并没有因果关系,而是对比的关系,所以要么删去 therefore,要么把therefore改成 yet。 【知识模块】 改错 4 【正确答案】 for with 【试题解析】 这一题是考查动词和介词的搭配。 compete的确可以和 for搭配,但是介词 for是表示目的,意思是 “为了 而竞争 ”,而这里如果用。

32、 for就解释不通,怎么能说这些物种 “为了人类语言而竞争呢 ”?其实这里应该用介 词 with表示对象,即 “和 竞争 ”。 【知识模块】 改错 5 【正确答案】 their its 【试题解析】 这一题考查的是代词的所指问题。碰到代词的问题时,首先要确定代词的先行词,然后要判断代词和先行词在数、性、人称方面是否保持了一致。那么这里的 their为什么要改成 its呢 ?因为它的先行词并不是 species而是 human language,所以应该是单数形式。 【知识模块】 改错 6 【正确答案】 extended extensive 【试题解析】 这一题考 查的是同根形容词的区分。 ex

33、tended通常用来指 “时间 ”上“延长的 ”,所以用 extended来修饰 networks并不是一个合理的搭配,所谓 “网络 ”通常指一个范围,而形容词 extensive恰恰是指 “范围 ”上 “涵盖广的 ”。 【知识模块】 改错 7 【正确答案】 have had 【试题解析】 条件从句中的确未必要用动词的虚拟语气,陈述语气在很多情况下完全可以。所以,孤立地看这个条件从句,并没有任何问题,但是我们必须注意条件从句和主句在语气上的一致性问题。这句话的主句用的是虚拟语气,所 以从句也应当改成同样的语气。 【知识模块】 改错 8 【正确答案】 large a 【试题解析】 such如果修

34、饰单数可数名词,必须要在 such之后加不定冠词,如我们不可以说 suchnice girl,而必须说 such a nice girl。 【知识模块】 改错 9 【正确答案】 第二个 to with 【试题解析】 这一题考查动词和介词的搭配。 interact和介词 with搭配。介词with的含义是 “和 (某人一起 )”。 【知识模块】 改错 10 【正确 答案】 many the 【试题解析】 此句中的 many complex relationships和前文 many different individuals一样是确定所指,所以必须加定冠词。 【知识模块】 改错 【知识模块】 改

35、错 11 【正确答案】 of off 【试题解析】 这一题属于动词词组的搭配错误。 start有动词词组 start off,相当于 begin,是一个不及物动词,有的同学会把副词 off和介词 of混淆。 【知识模块】 改错 12 【正确答案】 between from 【试题解析】 尽管 difference经常和介词 between搭配,但是并不总是如此。原文中和 between对应的介词是 to,而 between通常是不和 to搭配的,这里的意思实际上不是两个人之间的差异,而是指一个范围的人群之间的差异,所以应该用fromto 和 difference搭配。 【知识模块】 改错 13

36、 【正确答案】 considered considering 【试题解析】 这一题的考点实际上是一个非常熟悉的结构,即 be worth doing,considered应当改成 considering。 【知识模块】 改错 14 【正确答案】 characters characteristics 【试题解析】 character是 “性格、品质 ”的意思, characteristic是 “特征 ”的意思。原文的意思是我们从父母的基因那里继承身体的特征,所以应该用characteristics。 【知识模块】 改错 15 【正确答案】 inheriting inherited 【试题解析】

37、如果在改错的文章中出现名 词的修饰语是分词,一定要注意分词的形式是否正确。此题中 inherit和 mental capability是被动的关系, mental capability是 “被继承的 ”,所以应该用 -ed分词形式。 【知识模块】 改错 16 【正确答案】 As Although 【试题解析】 从句说人们认为遗传因素很重要;主句却说,在大多数情况下,它是三个因素中最不重要的。两个分句应该是让步关系,所以 as应改成 although。 【知识模块】 改错 17 【正确答案】 three the 【试题解析】 涉及冠词的错误通常很难察觉,因为汉语中没有冠词这一词类,所以要对 “名

38、词的所指 ”这个概念有透彻的理解。名词的所指有两类:特指和类指,特指又分确定特指和非确定特指。此题中 three factors显然是前文中已经提到的,是确定特指,那么这里应该用定冠词。 【知识模块】 改错 18 【正确答案】 which /或 which in或 which that 【试题解析】 当 “the way”被限制性关系分句修饰时,可以用 that引导,或者用in which引导,或者省略关系代词。 【知识模块】 改错 19 【正确答案】 much more 【试题解析】 much确实可以修饰 information,但是从全句来看,要和后面的比较分句 than搭配,所以应该用上

39、它的比较级形式。 【知识模块】 改错 20 【正确答案】 even -if 【试题解析】 首先,从词性上来说, even是一个形容词或副词,并不是连词,所以它不能用于连接两个句子;然后,从意思上来看, we live to be a hundred是一个让步性假设,所以应该用 even if。 【知识模块】 改错 【知识模块】 改错 21 【正确答案】 in on 【试题解析】 此题考查形容词和介词的搭配。形容词 based和介词 on而不是 in搭配。 【知识模块】 改错 22 【正确答案】 represents represent 【试题解析】 关系分句中的动词和先行词的一致问题也是经常会

40、涉及的考点。一般来说,应当首先判断先行词的中心词是什么。此句中先行词的中心词是changes,是复数,所以关系分句的动词 represent应该用复数形式。 【知识 模块】 改错 23 【正确答案】 that what 【试题解析】 此题关键在于能否真正理解名词性从句。此句中主语补足语由名词性从句充当,那么应该用哪一个代词作名词性从句的引导词呢 ?这取决于引导词在名词性从句中可充当什么成分。如果名词性从句本身是一个完整的陈述句,那么用 that引导。但是此句中,引导词充当的是从句的主语,所以应该用 what。 【知识模块】 改错 24 【正确答案】 the (tree) a (tree) 【试

41、题解析】 此句中说 “给一棵树拍照片 ”, “树 ”在 前文中没有提及,这是文中首次提及,所以非确定特指,那么只能用不定冠词。 【知识模块】 改错 25 【正确答案】 order for 【试题解析】 不难发现动词不定式 to be retained的逻辑主语是 the image,如果动词不定式带有自己的逻辑主语,这个逻辑主语通常由介词 for引导。 【知识模块】 改错 26 【正确答案】 respond react 【试题解析】 respond和 react有相似之处,即都有前缀 re-,都和介词 to搭配。但是从含义上来说, 两者是不一样的。前者是指用行为或言语对别人的行为或言语作出响应

42、或答复,而后者是指因为某一个事件的发生而发生某种反应,有因果关系包含其中。句中说胶卷因为光线而产生某种反应,所以应该用 react。 【知识模块】 改错 27 【正确答案】 Still Similarly或 Likewise 【试题解析】 尽管 still是连接性副词,可以用于此处起到承上启下的作用,但是仔细分析,发现从逻辑上来说,是不合理的。前后两个句子实际上是在作类比,强调两者的相似之处,所以应该用表示相似的连接性副词 similarly或 likewise。 【知识模块】 改错 28 【正确答案】 happen occur 【试题解析】 此题考查搭配是否符合英语表达习惯。 happen和

43、 occur是同义词,在搭配上却有所不同。 happen的主语往往是模糊意义的词,如果主语是有确定含义的词,动词往往用 occur或 take place。此句的主语 changes in the brain representing the new knowledge意思是确切的,所以用 occur更加符合英语表达习惯。 【知识模块】 改错 29 【正确答案】 pressing pressed 【试题解析】 此句中只要发现 coin和 press是被动关系就不难发现错误。 【知识模块】 改错 30 【正确答案】 return response/reaction/answer 【试题解析】 r

44、eturn一般和介词 for搭配, in return for的意思是 “作为回报或回复 ”。如果把介词 to改成 for,意思便不对了,因为大脑回路必须重新组织,这是对经历或感官刺激的一种 “回应 ”而不是 “回报 ”。 【知识模块】 改错 【知识模块】 改错 31 【正确答案】 Since Although 【试题解析】 第一个分句的意思是珍珠可以由任何带壳的软体动物形成,第二个分句的意思是最珍贵的珍珠是由牡蛎形成的。两个分句之间的逻辑关系显然并不是因果关系,而是让步关系,所以应该改成 Although。 【知识模块】 改错 32 【正确答案】 oysters oyster或 the /

45、【试题解析】 解答此题的关键在于看出这里的 oyster是类指。而定冠词 the加上复数名词从概念上来讲一定是 特指。复数名词和零冠词搭配才是类指,所以这里应该删去 the。另外一种改正的方法是把 oysters变成 oyster,因为定冠词修饰单数可数名词也可以表示类指。 【知识模块】 改错 33 【正确答案】 an the 【试题解析】 此题仍然是考查名词的所指问题。这里的 irritating body在前一句中已经提到,所以此处应该是确定特指,那么必须用定冠词。 【知识模块】 改错 34 【正确答案】 第二个 the / 【试题解析】 “the man”的意思是确定特指,并不符合 上下

46、文的意思。其实本意是说 “(任何一个 )人 ”,指人类作为一个整体的类指,这时应该在 man的单数形式前面加上零冠词。 【知识模块】 改错 35 【正确答案】 to /或 Unlike Dissimilar 【试题解析】 unlike意思是 “和 不同 ”,它本身就是介词,所以不需要再加上介词 to;如果把 unlike改成形容词 dissimilar也可以。 【知识模块】 改错 36 【正确答案】 scarce scarcity或 their scarce being或 their being 【试题解析】 their后面显然应该跟名词,所以应用 scarce的名词形式 scarcity,或

47、者插入 being,或者把 their改为 being。 【知识模块】 改错 37 【正确答案】 appearing appear 【试题解析】 “be made”后面应该跟带 to的动词不定式作主语补足语。所以这里的 to并不是介词而是动词不定式的标志。 【知识模块】 改错 38 【正确答案】 Moreover However 【试题解析】 moreover是一个连接性副词,关键看它是否正确地连接了前后两个句子。前一个句子的意思是人造珍珠看起来和天然珍珠非常相似。后一个句子的意思是它们没有天然珍珠或养殖珍珠的光泽。两个句子的关系显然不是递进,而是转折的关系,所以应该用上另一个连接性副词 ho

48、wever。 【知识模块】 改错 39 【正确答案】 through across 【试题解析】 此题辨析 through和 across。两个介词有相似之处,即都指“从 的一端到 的另一端 ”。但是 through常是指 “通过一个通道、开口、管道等 ”,而 across通常是指 “跨过一个表面等 ”。和名词 surface塔配用 across更好。 【知识模块】 改错 40 【正确答案】 smoothly smooth 【试题解析】 feel作为 “摸起来 (感觉是 )”这个意思时,是一个系动词,其后应该用形容词词组作主语补足语。 【知识模块】 改错 【知识模块】 改错 41 【正确答案】 ethic ethnic 【试题解析】 ethic和 ethnic由于形近容易被混淆,前者是 “伦理的 ”,后者是 “种族的 ”。 “非裔美国人 ”,这是一个种族概念,所以应该改成 ethnic。 【知识模块】 改错 42 【正确答案】 However ThusTherefore 【试题解析】 本文中所说的 African-American是指 “非裔美国人 ”,即美国人中的黑人种族。前句说,他们已经离开故土好几代人了,强调

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