[外语类试卷]专业英语八级(翻译)模拟试卷28及答案与解析.doc

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1、专业英语八级(翻译)模拟试卷 28及答案与解析 SECTION A CHINESE TO ENGLISH Directions: Translate the following text into English. 1 近几年来,父亲和我都是东奔西走,家中光景是一日不如一日。他少年出外谋生,独立支持,做了许多大事。哪知老境却如此颓唐 !他触目伤怀,自然情不能自已。情郁于中,自然要发之于外;家庭琐屑便往往触他之怒。他待我渐渐不同往日。但最近两年的不见,他终于忘却我的不好,只是惦记着我,惦 记着我的儿子。 2 改革开放胆子要大一些,要敢于试验。冒一定的风险是必要的。不冒点风险,办什么事情都有百分之

2、百的把握,万无一失,谁敢说这样的话 ?一开始就自以为是,认为百分之百正确,没那回事。我就从来没那么认为。每年领导层都要总结经验,对的就坚持,不对的就丢掉或赶快改,新问题出来抓紧解决,无论是打仗还是搞改革,都经不起慢腾腾的决策。在很多情况下,都要冒险试一试,然后一边前进一边改正自己的错误。 SECTION B ENGLISH TO CHINESE Directions: Translate the following text into Chinese. 3 In the late 1960s, many people in North America turned their attentio

3、n to environmental problems, and new steel-and-glass skyscrapers were widely criticized. Ecologists pointed out that a cluster of tall buildings in a city often overburdens public transportation and parking lot capacities. Skyscrapers are also lavish consumers, and wasters, of electric power. In one

4、 recent year, the addition of 17 million square feet of skyscraper office space in New York City raised the peak daily demand for electricity by 120,000 kilowattsenough to supply the entire city of Albany for a day. Glass-walled skyscrapers can be especially wasteful. The heat loss (or gain) through

5、 a wall of half-inch plate glass is more than ten times that through a typical masonry wall filled with insulation board. To lessen the strain on heating and air-conditioning equipment, builders of skyscrapers have begun to use double-glazed panels of glass, and reflective glasses coated with silver

6、 or gold mirror films that reduce glare as well as heat gain. However, mirror-walled skyscrapers raise the temperature of the surrounding air and affect neighboring buildings. 4 The Dead Sea, the lowest point on earth and the largest “Natural Spa“ in the world, is also one of the worlds true natural

7、 wonders and a unique tourism destination. Starting with the Dead Sea itself, a one-of-a-kind body of water, 417 meters (1,373 ft.) below sea level with mineral-rich waters and mud flow with natural health and beautifying effect acclaimed globally. But thats not all. Visitors to the Dead Sea come to

8、 a world of blue skies, year-round sunshine, magnificent natural landscape, and extraordinary touring options, such as thrilling encounters with history and exploration of the living desert. Recognized as a mini-universe with its own micro-climate, the Dead Sea is the saltiest and most mineral-laden

9、 body of water in the world. The unparalleled buoyancy and warmth of the water has everyone floating. And its health promoting thermo-mineral springs and world famous cosmetic black mud have been praised by visitors for millennia. 5 Education is one of the key words of our time. A man without an edu

10、cation, many of us believe, is an unfortunate victim of adverse circumstances, deprived of the opportunities of the new century. Convinced of the importance of education, modern states “invest“ in institutions of learning to get back “interest“ in the form of a large group of enlightened young men a

11、nd women who are potential leaders. Education, with its cycles of instruction so carefully worked out, punctuated by textbooks those purchasable wells of wisdom, what would civilization be like without its benefits? So much is certain: that we would have doctors and preachers, lawyers and defendants

12、, marriages and birthsbut our spiritual outlook would be different. We would lay less stress on “facts and figures“ and more on a good memory, on applied psychology, and on the capacity of a man to get along with his fellow citizens. If our educational system were fashioned after its bookless past w

13、e would have the most democratic form of “college“ imaginable. Among tribal people all knowledge inherited by tradition is shared by all; it is taught to every member of the tribe so that in this respect everybody is equally equipped for life. 专业英语八级(翻译)模拟试卷 28答案与解析 SECTION A CHINESE TO ENGLISH Dire

14、ctions: Translate the following text into English. 1 【正确答案】 Over the past few years, father and I have both been living an unsettled life while the circumstances of our family went from bad to worse. Father left home to seek a livelihood when young. Having achieved quite a few things all on his own,

15、 he had hardly ever imagined that he should become so downcast in old age. The sad state of affairs of the family drove him to utter despair, and his pent-up emotion had to find a vent. This is why even mere domestic trivialities would provoke his anger, and he became less and less nice with me. How

16、ever, the separation of the last two years has made him more forgiving towards me. He keeps thinking about me, and about my son. 【试题解析】 1、本段追述过去的生活与感受,属于典型的叙事体裁,故选用一般过去时为主体时态,间杂使用完成时态以突出表现事件的长远影响或结果。 2、第 1句的 “东奔西走 ”是中文习惯表达法,可按英文的习惯表达法译为 live an unsettied life,若译为 have been forced to constantly move

17、around the country也很符合原文的意思: “家中光景 ”意为 “家庭的经济状况或条件 ”,所以可译为circumstances ofour family: “一日不如一 日 ”英文有固定短语 from bad to worse。 3、第 1句中前后两个分句之间的逻辑关系比较含糊,符合汉语的行文方式,既可理解为转折关系,也可理解为并列或递进关系。译为英文时可采用 while为连接词,以模糊表达形式对译模糊性表达。 4、第 2句的 “谋生 ”可译为 seek a livelihood; “做了许多大事 ”意为取得很多成就,可译为 achieved quite a few(或 man

18、y)things;与第 3句之间存在因果关系:由于他年轻时的成就,他不可能想到年老时竟然会如此 “颓唐 ”,所以可以将 “独立支持 ,做了许多大事 ”译为现在分词短语 having achieved quite a few things all on his own,作为下一句的状语。 5、第 3句的 “哪知 ”意思是 “他根本就不会想到 ”,可译为 he had hardly ever imagined(thought); “颓唐 ”也是中文习惯表达法,可译为 downcast,也可采用英文中常用的生动活泼的成语 down and out, “老境 ”是 “老年时的经济与生活状况或处境 ”的

19、简略说法,可简化为 in his old age,与 down and out/downcast形成整体。因此 “老境却如此颓唐 ”可译为 be so down and out downcast in his old age。 6、第 4句包含好几个汉语中常见的四字词语,如 “触目伤怀 ”, “情郁于中 ”, “发之于外 ”,翻译时应摆脱原文形式的束缚,简略其重复部分,照字面翻译出主要意思。 “触目伤怀 ”按字面意思可译为 what he saw made him melancholy(sad);从上下文中理解, “触目 ”的内容主要是 “家境 ”,所以译为 the sad state of

20、affairs of the family甚为妥当。若译为 Everything that he saw about the pitiable state of affairs of the family saddened him to the point that he sometimes could not control his emotions,也很贴近原文,但略显累赘。 7、第 5句的 “家庭琐屑 ”一词说的是家里的琐碎不值一谈的小事或不愉快,可译为meredomestic trivialities; “触他之怒 ”意为使他发怒,甚至 大发雷霆,可译为would provoke hi

21、s anger(fury),也可以简单地译为 would make him furious。译文中使用 would可突出表达此类事情的反复性,比用一般过去时翻译更贴近原文的意思。 8、第 7句的 “最近两年的不见 ”翻译为名词短语作主语,可以使句子简化,符合文体特征。 “忘却我的不好 ”说的是 “忘记了我的不好的一面 ”,可以翻译为(become)more forgiving towards me,符合英文的习惯表达,简洁自然,若译为forget my bad aspects,则颇显机械拘谨。 【知识模块】 汉译英 2 【正确答案】 We must be courageous enough t

22、o venture on experiments as far as reforms are concerned. A certain amount of risk-taking is necessary. Who dares to claim that he is 100 percent sure of success and there is no risk whatsoever right from the beginning of anything? There is no such a thing as absolute certainty. I have never had suc

23、h a notion. Every year, leaders should review what has been achieved, stick to what works and discard what does not, or take immediate corrective steps. Whenever new problems arise, we should lose no time in tackling them. No one can afford the luxury of slow decision-making, whether in war or in re

24、form. In many cases, we have to take the plunge, and correct our mistakes as we go along. 【试题解析】 1、本段的主体内容为用口语体谈论客观规律和道理,故采用一般现在时为总体时态。 2、第 1句翻译的难点是 “胆子要大一些 ”,在这里可以理解为 “主动、积极 ”的意思,应采用带有褒义的词汇,不能译为 bold或是 audacious,这两个词都含有 “冒失、鲁莽 ”的意思。据此可译为 be courageous。 3、第 3句的 “百分之百的把握 ”和 “万无一失 ”是一个意思,故合译;同时也与第 4句的

25、 “自以为是,认为百分之百正确 ”意思相仿,故只译一个即可。 “万无一失 ”可译为 There isno risk whatsoever,其中以 whatsoever对应汉语中的 “万 ”。 4、第 6句较长,属典型的流水句,译文根据意思层次将其一分为三,符合英文的表达方式。 “总结经验 ”译为 summarize the experience稍为书面化,而且中文的痕迹较重,针对本段口语体的特点译为 review what has been achieved更妥。 “新问题出来抓紧解决 ”用 whenever,突出紧迫性。 5、 “无论是打仗还是搞改革 ”属典型的口语体,译为 whether

26、in war or in reform简洁明快。 “经不起 ”为典型的 口语,译为 cannot afford the luxury of,既符合原文的意思,也符合文体特征。 6、翻译第 7句时需根据英语习惯补充主语。这里使用 we或 you都很恰当。 7、 “冒险试一试 ”可以选用 take a chance或 take the plunge来译。 【知识模块】 汉译英 SECTION B ENGLISH TO CHINESE Directions: Translate the following text into Chinese. 3 【正确答案】 生态学家 指出城市中密集的高层建筑常常

27、使公共交通与停车场承栽的负担过重。摩天大楼还过度消耗和浪费电能。最近一年中,纽约市摩天写字楼的面积增加了 1700万平方英尺,这一增长使整个城市的每日最高电能需求量提高了 12万千瓦 足以供整个奥尔巴尼市使用一天。玻璃表面的摩天大楼尤其浪费能源。透过半英寸厚的玻璃板损失 (或增加 )的热量,是一般加入隔热板砖石墙损失 (或增加 )热量的十倍以上。为了减轻取暖设备和空调设备的压力,摩天大楼的建造者们已经开始使用双面上釉的玻璃镶板和贴上了金色或银色反光薄膜的反光玻璃,来减少强光照射和热量吸收 :但是,镜面的摩天大楼会使周围空气温度升高,并会影响附近的建筑物。 【试题解析】 1、摩天大楼现代、气派,

28、却对城市环境和能源供给造成压力,本段述评多长句,语体正式,合理转换词性,处理好从句是译文成败的关键。 2、第 2句的 Skyscrapers are also lavish consumers, and wasters, of electric power译为 “摩天大楼还过度消耗和浪费电能 ”,其中的 consumers和 wasters转译成动词 “消耗 ”和 “浪费 ”。 3、第 4句的 wasteful原为形容词,这 里译为动词 “浪费 ”,并根据上下文增译 “能源 ”,使意义连贯。 4、第 5句的 plate glass是固定表达,专指 very clear glass of fin

29、e quality made in thicksheets,译为 “厚玻璃板 ”; insulation board在这里应理解为 “隔热板 ”,而非“绝缘板 ”。 5、由于英语表达习惯的差异,翻译第 5句时需调整语序,如 through引导的介词短语和过去分词短语 filled with insulation board翻译时位置均前移:另外, that指 The heatloss(or gain),出于行文和表意的需要,需译出全意。 6、第 6句的 silver or gold mirror films译为 “金色或银色反光薄膜 ”,其中 silver和gold指薄膜色彩,而非其质地, m

30、irror films意为 films that can reflect light as a mirror;定语从句 that reduce glare as well as heat gain实际上表示目的,采用后置译法译为独立小句。 7、第 6、 7句在逻辑上构成转折关系,故译为一句话,中间用分号隔开。 【知识模块】 英译汉 4 【正确答案】 死海是地球最低点以及世界上最大的 “天然温泉 ”,同时它还是一个真正的世界自然奇观和独特的旅游胜地。先从死海本身说起,它拥有独一无二的水体,低于海平面 417米 (1373英尺 ),水和泥浆涌流,富含矿物质,是世界著名的天然保健和美容好去处。 但这

31、还不是全部,游客来到死海就进入了全新的世界这里天空湛蓝,一年四季阳光灿烂,自然景色极为壮观,可供选择的旅游项目也非常独特,如令人兴奋的遭遇历史和活沙漠探险活动。 作为一个拥有自己气候的小宇宙,死海 是世界上含盐量最高、矿物质负载最丰富的水体,其浮力和水温举世无双,可以使任何人漂浮在水面上。死海富含矿物质的温泉有助于健康,举世闻名的黑泥有利于美容,这些几千年来一直为游客们所称道。 【试题解析】 1、本段介绍旅游胜地死海的自然风光和独有特色,信息翻译和功能操控是做好本篇翻译的关键所在。 2、英译汉中同位语较长时,可考虑译为独立小句,如第 1段第 1句的 the lowest pointon ear

32、th and the largest“Natural Spa”in the world。 3、第 2句的 one-of-a-kind理解为 unique,可译为 “独一无二的 ”; with natural healthand beautifying effect acclaimed globally译为 “是世界著名的天然保健和美容好去处 ”,其中增译 “好去处 ”,进一步强化了上句的 a unique tourism destination。 4、广告篇章中经常出现片断或短语句,以直接托出信息焦点,从而强化广告主题。例如第 2句没有主句,现在分词短语 starting with the D

33、ead Sea itself直接引出对死海水体的 介绍,翻译需从语境中作出推理,补充语言片断表层形式中并未出现但对篇章的解读具有重要意义的逻辑关联语 (logical connectors): The Dead Sea is one of theworlds true natural wonders and a unique tourism destination because, to beginwith, it has a one-of-a-kind body of water 。 5、第 2段末句的 blue skiesoptions 为四个并列的偏正式短语, 译文变换句式,用了四个并列

34、的主谓结构,这样能简明清晰地传递信息。 6、第 3段第 1句是第 2句的原因,故可译为一句话。 warmth这里意为 moderate heat,所以不宜直译为 “温暖 ”,可译为 “水温 ”或 “温度 ”。 7、第 3段末句将主语 its health promoting thermo-mineral springs and world famous cosmetic black mud译为对仗的独立小句 “富含矿物质的温泉有助于健康,举世闻名的黑泥有利于美容 ”,使译文一目了然,突出信息,吸引受众; millennia是 millennium“一千年 ”的复数形式。 【知识模块】 英译汉

35、5 【正确答案】 教育是我们这个时代的关键词之一。我们许多人都相信,一个人没有受过教育是不幸的,是逆境的牺牲品,在新世纪他会失去诸多机遇。现代国家深深懂得教育的重要性, “投资 ”教育机构,其 “收益 ”便是培养出大批有知识的男女青年,他们可能就是未来的领导者。教育要精心制定教学计划,利用教科书 那些可以购置的智慧源泉 保证教学效果。如果不受惠于教育,文明将会是个什么样子呢 ? 至少,下面这些是可以肯定的:我们 仍然会有医生和牧师,律师和被告,人们照样结婚,生儿育女,但人们的精神将是另一种面貌。人们不会那么重视 “资料和数据 ”,而更多地依靠好记性,依靠应用心理学知识。以及依靠与同胞相处的能力

36、。 【试题解析】 1、本段围绕教育展开论述,语言正式,长句较多,因此准确理解原文中的长句并根据汉语习惯适当调整语序是做好本文翻译的关键。 2、首段第 2句的 many of us believe作插人语,为引介某人观点的句式,翻译时可根据汉语习惯放在句首。 (be)deprived of opportunities“被剥夺机会 ”可 转译为主动语态 “失去机会 ”。 3、首段第 3句的过去分词短语 Convinced of 不定式短语 to get back和定语从句 who全都译为汉语中的独立小句,以符合汉语多用简短小句的行文习惯。 4、首段末句的 cycles of instruction

37、不宜直译,这里可引申译为 “教学计划 ”;punctuate为多义词,根据语境可知其意思为 “强调,突出 ”,引申译为 “保证 ”;wells of wisdom中 wen可理解为 source,引申译为 “智慧的源泉 ”。 5、 what would civilization be like without是主句。 without its benefits提出假设,根据英汉语言表达的差异,提前翻译。 those purchasable wells of wisdom是textbooks的同位语; punctuated by textbooks修饰 cycles of instruction。 6、末段首句的 that引导的从句是 so much的同位语;名词短语 marriages and births译为句子 “人们照样结婚,生儿育女 ”更符合汉语的表达习惯。 7、末段末句用 “不会 那么重视 ”译 lay less stress on,为反译法。 fellow citizens译为“同胞 ”,显得亲切。 【知识模块】 英译汉

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