1、专业英语八级(翻译)模拟试卷 60及答案与解析 SECTION B ENGLISH TO CHINESE Directions: Translate the following text into Chinese. 1 History as the artificial extension of the social memory ( and I willingly concede that there are other appropriate ways of apprehending human experience) is an art of long standing, necessa
2、rily so since it springs instinctively from the impulse to enlarge the range of immediate experience; and however camouflaged by the disfiguring jargon of science, it is still in essence what it has always been. History in this sense is story, in aim always a true story; a story that employs all the
3、 devices of literary art (statement and generalization, narration and description, comparison and comment and analogy) to present the succession of events in the life of man, and from the succession of events thus presented to derive a satisfactory meaning. The history written by historians, like th
4、e history informally fashioned by Mr. Everyman, is thus a convenient blend of truth and fancy, of what we commonly distinguish as “fact“ and “interpretation“. In primitive times, when tradition is orally transmitted, bards and story-tellers frankly embroider or improvise the facts to heighten the dr
5、amatic import of the story. With the use of written records, history, gradually occurred; and with the increase and refinement of knowledge the historian recognized that his first duty is to be sure of his facts, let their meaning be what it may. Nevertheless, in every age history is taken to be a s
6、tory of actual events from which a significant meaning may be derived; and in every age the illusion is that the present version is valid because the related facts are true, whereas former version are invalid because based upon inaccurate or inadequate facts. 2 Be very wary of opinions that flatter
7、your self-esteem. Both men and women, nine times out of ten, are firmly convinced of the superior excellence of their own sex. There is abundant evidence on both sides. If you are a man, you can point out that most poets and men of science are male; if you are a woman, you can resort that so are mos
8、t criminals. The question is inherently insoluble, but self-esteem conceals this from most people. We are all, whatever part of the world we come from, persuaded that our own nation is superior to all others. Seeing that each nation has its characteristic merits and demerits, we adjust our standard
9、of values so as to make out that the merits possessed by our nation are the really important ones, while its demerits are comparatively trivial. Here, again, the rational man will admit that the question is one to which there is no demonstrably right answer. It is more difficult to deal with the sel
10、f-esteem of man as man, because we cannot argue out the matter with some non-human mind. The only way I know of dealing with this general human conceit is to remind ourselves that man is a brief episode in the life of a small planet in a little corner of the universe, and that for aught we know, oth
11、er parts of the cosmos may contain beings as superior to ourselves as we are to jelly-fish. 3 Women should be taught all sorts of breeding suitable both to their genius and quality. And in particular, music and dancing; which it would be cruelty to bar the sex of, because they are their darlings. Bu
12、t besides this, they should be taught languages, as particularly French and Italian; and I would venture the injury of giving a woman more tongues than one. They should, as a particular study, be taught all the graces of speech, and all the necessary air of conversation; which our common education i
13、s so defective in, that I need not expose it. They should be brought to read books, and especially history; and so to read as to make them understand the world, and be able to know and judge of things when they hear of them. To such whose genius would lead them to it, I would deny no sort of learnin
14、g; but the chief thing, in general, is to cultivate the understandings of the sex, that they may be capable of all sorts of conversation; that their parts and judgments being improved, they may be as profitable in their conversation as they are pleasant. 4 Life, like science and art, is a theory abo
15、ut the world: a theory that in our case takes bodily form. By a succession of adaptations, most of which are favourable and none of which are lethal, living things have invested in particular expectations about the future course of their environments. If those theories are good enough, then life wil
16、l prosper and multiply; but if they are outmoded by changing conditions, their embodiments will dwindle and perish. Science and art are two things most uniquely human. They witness to a desire to see beyond the seen. They display the crowning successes of the objective and subjective views of the wo
17、rld. But while they spring from a shared sourcethe careful observation of thingsthey evoke different theories about the world; what it means, what its inner connections truly are, and what we should judge as important. Science and art have diverged. As science became more successful in its quest to
18、explain the seen by unseen laws of Nature, so art became increasingly subjective, metaphorical, and divorced from realistic representation. 5 As individuals we can change the contour of a day, the mood of a moment, the way people feel. The demolition and reconstruction of public life is the result o
19、f personal decisions made every day: the decision to give up a seat on the bus; the decision to be patient or pleasant against all the odds; the decision to let that jerk take a left-hand turn from a right-hand lane without rolling down the window and calling him a jerk. Its the resolution to be a c
20、ivil, social creature. This may be a peak period for the battle against the spread of a waistline and creeping cholesterol. But it is also within our will power to fight the spread of urban rudeness and creeping hostility. Civility doesnt stop nuclear holocaust and doesnt put a roof over the head of
21、 the homeless. But it makes a difference in the shape of a community, as surely as lifting weights can make a difference in the shape of a human torso. 专业英语八级(翻译)模拟试卷 60答案与解析 SECTION B ENGLISH TO CHINESE Directions: Translate the following text into Chinese. 1 【正确答案】 历史是社会记忆的人为延伸 (我愿意承认还有其他合适的方式能够保留
22、人类经验 ),是一门历久的学问。之所以必须持久是因为它产生的本能是扩大直接经验的冲动。哪怕大煞风景的科学术语把历史弄得面目全非,从本质上讲,历史还是保留了其本来面目。从这种意义上来说,历史就是故事,关 注的是真实的事件;它使用一切文学艺术手段 (陈述和概括、记叙和描述、比较和评论以及类比 )来展现人类生活的一系列事件,并通过展示这些事件来提炼出恰当的意义。故史学家笔下的历史和市井村夫的野史一样,自然也糅合了事实和想象。我们通常把这两种材料区分为 “事实 ”和 “解读 ”。 【试题解析】 1画线部分第一句中 artificial在本文中的意思为 “人为的 ”; is an art of long
23、 standing中 art不表示 “艺术 ”,而表示 “学问,技能 ”。 necessarily so since it springs instinctively from the impulseto enlarge the range of immediate experience中考虑到上下文衔接,应把 so指代的 “持久 ”点明;其次,为使译文流畅,可将 instinctively译为名词 “本能 ”。 2画线部分第一句的后半句中 disfiguring jargon of science, disfigure表示 “减色,使黯淡无光 ”,故此短语可译为 “大煞风景的科学术语 ”;让
24、步状语 however camouflaged by the disfiguringjargon of science可译为 “哪怕大煞风景的科学术语把历史弄得面目全非 ”。 3画线部分最后一句中, history informally fashioned by Mr Everyman中的Mr Everyman表示 “凡夫俗子 ”,而 history informally可采用归化策略,译为 “野史 ”,故此句可译为 “市井村夫的野史 ”; convenient本义为 “讨巧的,省事的,恰当的 ”,根据上下文,可处理为 “自然 ”。 【知识模块】 英译汉 2 【正确答案】 不管来自世界何地 ,
25、我们大家都相信自己的民族优越于其他民族。鉴于每个民族皆有其特有的 “长处 ”与 “短处 ”,我们就调整自己的价值标准,以便证明自己民族的 “长处 ”是真正重要的,而 “短处 ”相对来说则是次要的。在这个问题上,有理性的人也一定会承认,并没有毋庸置疑的准确答案。而作为人类,人的自尊心很难对付,因为我们无法与某种非人类的观点进行论辩,以求得结论。据我所知,对待这种人类普遍具有的自负情绪的唯一办法就是提醒我们自己:在茫茫宇宙中一个小小角落的一颗小小星球的生命历程上,人类仅仅是一个短暂的插曲。说不定在宇宙中的其他地方存在着比我们 更为高级的生命,就如同我们之于水母那样。 【试题解析】 1画线部分第一句
26、中, whatever part of the world we come from作状语,处于句子的中间位置,翻译时按照汉语的表达习惯,需要转换词序,将其放在句首,可译为 “不管来自世界何地 ”。 2画线部分第二句中, Seeing that译为 “鉴于 ”; merits和 demerits一般译为 “优点 ”和 “缺点 ”,此处修饰 “民族 ”,可译为 “长处 ”和 “短处 ”; so as to make out可译为 “以便证明 ”。 3画线部分第三句, there is no demonstrably right answer按字面看,表示没有一个说法 “可以被证明就是 ”对这个问
27、题的 “正确的解答 ”。但这样不符合汉语的表达习惯,因此须灵活处理,可译为 “在这个问题上,有理性的人也一定会承认,并没有毋庸置疑的准确答案 ”。 4画线部分第四句, argue out的意思是 “把 (不同意见 )辩个水落石出,把 辩论出结果,辩清楚 ”。 5画线部分最后一句中, for aught we know相当于 for aught I know,意思是 “据我所知 ”。 【知识模块】 英 译汉 3 【正确答案】 对于女性的教育,应考虑适合其天赋与资质。尤其应当教授她们钟爱的音乐与舞蹈,如若将女性拒之于歌舞之外,实在是残忍之极。除此之外,还应教授她们各种语言,尤其是法语与意大利语;对
28、于教女性多种语言不利的说法,怒我不敢苟同。语言风度与谈吐辞令尤其应当成为她们学习的课程,而这恰恰是我们的普通教育中所欠缺的,在此毋庸赘述。我们还应教会她们读书,特别是读历史;并且循循善诱之,使其了解世界,遇事能够正确地理解和判断。 有的女性可能天资过人,她们无论学习什么都无可厚非,但一般来说,主要应培养女性对事物的理解能力,使其在跟任何人交流时都能应对自如。倘若她们遇事能够正确地理解和判断,那么她们的言辞不但能够让人感到愉悦,还能够让人受益匪浅。 【试题解析】 1第一段第一句中的 breeding在这里的含义为 educating; genius实际上是指 character。 2第一段第二句
29、中的 barof 意为 “把 排除在外 ”; the sex在这里指的是women。 3第一段第三句中的 I would venture 是 英语中的自谦语,意为 “对于 ,恕我不敢苟同 ”。 4第一段第四句话翻译时应当把被动语态转换为主动语态,这样更符合汉语表达习惯。 all thenecessary air of conversation可译为 “谈吐辞令 ”或是 “谈话技巧 ”。 5第一段第五句中的 be brought to指的是 be taught to。 6第二段为一个完整的句子,句子较长,可以保留原句的格式,也可译为三句话,在分号处断句即可。 I would deny no so
30、rt of learning是英语典型的双重否定句,翻译时可以保留 双重否定的形式,可以译为 “无论学习什么都是无可厚非的 ”; cultivate the understandings of the sex指的是 cultivate the understandings of women,即 “培养女性对事物的理解能力 ”; they may be as profitable in their conversation as they are pleasant一句中 profitable指的是 “令人受益匪浅的 ”。 【知识模块】 英译汉 4 【正确答案】 如果这些理论成 立,那么生命就会生
31、生不息,繁荣昌盛;但是,一旦生物跟不上环境条件的变化,就会没落消亡。 科学与艺术是人类最独特的创造。此二者,是人类试图超越现有视野的明证。它们也是人类对世界的客观和主观认识的最高成就。然而,虽然科学与艺术的来源相同 二者都是基于对事物的仔细观察 但它们所激发的关于外部世界的理论,却截然不同。这些理论包括外部世界的含义,其内在的联系以及我们应如何判断外部世界的主次。 科学与艺术自此分野。科学力图通过看不见的自然法则来解释肉眼可见的各种现象,并在这一方面取得了较大成功;艺术 则变得更加主观、富于隐喻性质,并逐渐脱离了现实主义的表现手法。 【试题解析】 1画线部分第一段的用词较为华丽, prospe
32、r and multiply可以翻译成成语 “生生不息,繁荣昌盛 ”; their embodiments指的是 the embodiments of life,可直接译为 “生物 ”,而 dwindle andperish指的是 “这些生物会没落消亡 ”。 2画线部分第二段第一句中, most uniquely human可译为 “人类最独特的 ”。 3画线部分第二段第二句中的 beyond the seen指的是 “超越现有视野 ”。 4画线部分第二段第三句中的 crowning意为 “达到顶点的,至高无上的 ”。 5画线部分第二段第四句比较长,可以译为两个分句,第一个意群可以断在冒号之前
33、;第二个意群解释说明了上文中 theories的主要内容,因此开头部分可以译为“这些理论包括 ” 。 6画线部分第三段第一句中的 diverged可译为 “分野 ”。 7画线部分第三段最后一句可以分为两个对比鲜明的意群,解释了科学与艺术本质的不同。其中, the seen指的是 “肉眼可见的各种现象 ”; divorced from意为“从 中脱离 ”。 【知识模块】 英译汉 5 【正确答案】 作为社会中的个体,我们可以改变一天的面貌,一时的情绪,以及人们的感觉。每个人每天所做的决定最终共同导致了公共生活的破坏和重建。这些决定包括:在公车上让座;面对困境隐忍或愉快;当某人从右车道往左拐时,也能
34、随他去,而不是摇下车窗大骂他 “笨蛋 ”。 要成为文明的、友好的人,就要做这样的决定。如今可能整个社会都在热衷于同不断增长的腰围和胆固醇作斗争,但只要我们愿意,同样能阻止城市中粗鲁而不友好的态度继续蔓延。 文明礼貌虽然不能阻止核战争 ,也不能为流浪的人提供栖身之所,但它确实能使一个社会群体的面貌焕然一新,就像举重能重新塑造人的形体一样。 【试题解析】 1第一段第一句中 contour本义为 “轮廓,外形 ”,在这里引申为“面貌 ”; the mood of amoment意为 “一时的情绪 ”。 2第一段第二句虽然句子较长,但结构并不复杂,可采用顺译法。句中出现了几个以 thedecision
35、为中心词的并列名词短语,这里可以采用省译法,翻译为 “这些决定包括: ” 。 3第一段第二句中的 demolition意为 “毁损,取消 ”; reconstruction意为 “重建,改造 ”; against all the odds为短语,指 “尽管有极大的困难 ”; jerk意为 “笨蛋 ”,为俚语; righthandlane意为 “右手道 ”。 4第二段第三句需要调整前后语序,译为两个分句。 5第二段第四句和第五句之间是转折关系,可运用合句方法将其译为一句话。holocaust意为 “浩劫,大灾难 ”; put a roof over指 “提供栖身之所 ”。 6最后一句中 torso意为 “躯体,形体 ”。 【知识模块】 英译汉