1、专业英语八级（翻译）模拟试卷 72及答案与解析 SECTION A CHINESE TO ENGLISH Directions: Translate the following text into English. 1 我尝见许多年青的朋友，聪明用功 ,成绩优异，而语文程度不足以达意，甚至写一封信亦难得通顺，问其故则曰其兴趣不在语文方面。又有一些位，执笔为文，斐然可诵，而视数理科目如仇讐，勉强才能及格，问其故则亦曰其兴趣不在数理方面。 如果他们觉得某些科目没有趣味，便撇在一旁视如敝 屣，怡然自得，振振有词，略无愧色，好像这就是发扬趣味主义。殊不知天下没有没有趣味的学问，端视吾人如何发掘其趣味，
2、如果在良师指导之下按部就班地循序而进，一步一步地发现新天地，当然乐在其中，如果浅尝辄止，甚至躐等躁进，当然味同嚼蜡，自讨没趣。一个有中上天资的人，对于普通的基本的文理科目，都同样地有学习的能力，绝不会本能地长于此而拙于彼。只有懒惰与任性，才能使一个人自甘暴弃地在 “趣味 ”的掩护之下败退。 2 他饮他的花酒，我喝我的清茶。人生，需要一种境界：自我安定。面对别人的成功和荣耀，我喝我的 清茶。我明白那掌声已有所属，匆匆忙忙赶过去，不会有成功等着你。还是自己再创业绩吧，跟着别人永远只能摸着成功的尾巴。 凡事不逃避，我喝我的清茶，荷花居污泥而不染，若为怕水污而种在旱地上，它早就枯死了。人生也一样，避恶
3、、避丑、避邪，只能说明心灵脆弱，一个自我安定的人，是不怕环境污染自己的，而有力量影响他人。古代孟母三迁是为了怕孩子受影响，要为了自己就没有必要逃避了，后来孟子长大成人后也没听说孟母再搬家。自我安定可不是找一个安宁的所在，而恰恰是在紊乱的环境中保持安定的心境。 “定 ”是一种境界，是居于多 变之中的不动摇。 只有达到这一境界，才能掌握自己的方向，才能做到： “他饮他的花酒，我喝我的清茶。 ” SECTION B ENGLISH TO CHINESE Directions: Translate the following text into Chinese. 3 I had scarcely pa
4、ssed my twelfth birthday when I entered the inhospitable regions of examinations, through which for the next seven years I was destined to journey. These examinations were a great trial to me. The subjects which were dearest to the examiners were almost invariably those I fancied least. I would have
5、 liked to have been examined in history, poetry and writing essays. The examiners, on the other hand, were partial to Latin and mathematics. And their will prevailed. Moreover, the questions which they asked on both these subjects were almost invariably those to which I was unable to suggest a satis
6、factory answer. I should have liked to be asked to say what I knew. They always tried to ask what I did not know. When I would have willingly displayed my knowledge, they sought to expose my ignorance. This sort of treatment had only one result: I did not do well in examinations. 4 There stood, faci
7、ng the open window, a comfortable, roomy armchair. Into this she sank, pressed down by a physical exhaustion that haunted her body and seemed to reach into her soul. She could see in the open square before her house the tops of trees that were all aquiver with the new spring life. The delicious brea
8、th of rain was in the air. In the street below a peddler was crying his wares. The notes of a distant song which someone was singing reached her faintly, and countless sparrows were twittering in the eaves. There were patches of blue sky showing here and there through the clouds that had met and pil
9、ed above the other in the west facing her window. She sat with her head thrown back upon the cushion of the chair quite motionless, except when a sob came up into her throat and shook her, as a child who has cried itself to sleep continues to sob in its dreams. 5 After all, that dreadful aspect of t
10、he thing never really took hold of me; I could put it by without much effort. Life is doneand what matter? Whether it has been, in sum, painful or enjoyable, even now I cannot saya fact which in itself should prevent me from taking the loss too seriously. What does it matter? Destiny with the hidden
11、 face decreed that I should come into being, play my little part, and pass again into silence; is it mine either to approve or to rebel? Let me be grateful that I have suffered no intolerable wrong, no terrible woe of flesh or spirit, such as otheralas! alas! have found in their lot. Is it not much
12、to have accomplished so large a part of the mortal journey with so much ease? If I find myself astonished at its brevity and small significance, why, that is my own fault; the voices of those gone before had sufficiently warned me. Better to see the truth now, and accept it, than to fall into dread
13、surprise on some day of weakness, and foolishly to cry against fate. I will be glad rather than sorry, and think of the thing no more. 专业英语八级（翻译）模拟试卷 72答案与解析 SECTION A CHINESE TO ENGLISH Directions: Translate the following text into English. 1 【正确答案】 They cast away whatever subjects they dislike lik
14、e something utterly worthless. They are so smug and thick-skinned that they speak volubly in defense of their own attitude like champions of interest-ism. They hardly realize that there is no learning but is capable of engendering interest and that all depends on how to search for it. You will devel
15、op a liking for learning if, under the guidance of a good teacher, you study to discover new horizons opening up before you one after another by following the proper order and advancing step by step. On the other hand, you will find learning as dry as sawdust and feel frustrated if you refuse to go
16、into a subject in depth or even make impetuous advances without following the proper order. People with an average natural endowment are equally capable of mastering the basics of liberal arts and natural science. They are never predetermined by nature to be good at one subject and poor in another.
17、It is laziness and waywardness, however, that causes one to give himself up as hopeless and back down on the pretext of “no interest“. 【试题解析】 1画线部分第一句中的 “便撇在一旁视如敝屣 ”可直译为 cast awaylike a pair of worn out shoes，保持原文的形象比喻。不过，更加明白易懂的译法是 cast awaylike something utterly worthless 。 2画线部分第二句中的 “没有没有趣味的学问 ”
18、译为 there is no learning but is capable ofengendering interest，其中 but是关系代词，常用于否定词之后，相当于 that not。 3画线部分第三句较长，翻译时宜采用拆分法将其分为两句翻译，可将前三个小分句译成第一个句子，将 “绝不会本能地长于此而拙于彼 ”译为第二个句子，其中的 “长 ”指的是 “擅长 ”， “拙 ”指的是 “不擅长 ”，而这里的 “此 ”和 “彼 ”指的是不同的学科，据此我们可将此句翻译为： They are never predetermined by nature to be good at one subj
19、ect and poor in another。 4画线部分最后一句中的 “在 趣味 的掩护之下败退 ”，即 “借口 缺乏趣味 而放弃不干 ”的意思，故译为 back down on the pretext of“no interest”。 【知识模块】 汉译英 2 【正确答案】 I stick to the pureness of my pleasure, never escaping from reality. The lotus, though growing in the mud, emerges unsullied from the filth. If, to avoid the d
20、irt, one had planted it on dry ground, it simply would not grow. The same holds true for human beings. Shrinking from what is ugly, vile and evil only proves the frailty of ones character. A person in full possession of mental serenity never stands in fear of being mentally contaminated by the filth
21、y environment. On the contrary, he can exert positive influences all around. Menciuss mother made three removals during his childhood to keep him away from bad influences, which did not pose any problem for her. History does not record any more of such removals after he grew up. Enjoying the tranqui
22、lity of mind does not mean hiding oneself in a haven. What is meant is the maintenance of such a mental state in the midst of chaos, i. e. moral immovability amidst kaleidoscopic changes. 【试题解析】 1在翻译画线部分第一句时，尤其需要注意 “清茶 ”一词的译法。通读全文，我们可以发现，这里作者所述的 “清茶 ”并不是指茶的一个品种，而是针对社会中存在的追逐名利的心态提倡保持甘于清贫、志存高远的一种心态，所以
23、可将 “我喝我的清茶 ”译为 I stick to the pureness of mypleasure； “若为怕水污而种在旱地上 ”这里说的是与现实相反的情况，翻译时应该使用虚拟语气。 2画线部分第二句中的 “有力量影响他人 ”，翻译时需注意 “影响 ”有正反两方面，积极与消极并存，根据文意可知，这里 作者想说的是积极的影响，所以翻译时宜采取 “增译法 ”，使用 positive将积极影响之意清楚地表达出来。 3画线部分第三句中的 “要为了自己就没有必要逃避了 ”翻译时需注意，为了使句子看起来清晰明了，可以将其翻译为 which引导的定语从句，这里的先行词是前文提到的 “环境影响自己 ”，
24、即 “坏影响 ”，故此句可翻译为 which did not pose any problem for her。 4画线部分第四句中 “安宁的所在 ”可以译成 a quiet place或 a tranquil place，这固然是正确的，但是如果想要更加出彩，让阅卷老师眼前一亮，我们可以使用haven一词，该词的本义是 “避风港 ”，常用来比喻安宁、美好的地方。 【知识模块】 汉译英 SECTION B ENGLISH TO CHINESE Directions: Translate the following text into Chinese. 3 【正确答案】 我刚过了十二岁生日，就开
25、始被考 试折磨，而且在随后的七年中，考试一直如影随形，注定我要艰难跋涉。这些考试真让我伤透了脑筋。主管考试的人最喜欢考的科目，几乎无一例外都是我最不喜欢的科目。我喜欢考历史、诗歌和写作，可他们却对拉丁文和数学情有独钟，而每次都是他们说了算。更有甚者，他们在这两个科目上所出的问题，又几乎无一例外全是我无法给出满意答案的。我本希望他们问些我知道的事情，他们却总是力图问些我不知道的事情。 我本来跃跃欲试地想显示一下我的学识，他们却要想方设法地暴露我的无知。他们这样对待我，其结果只有一个：我一次次地考不好。 【试题解 析】 1第一句中的 inhospitable在此处应理解为 “令人头痛的 ”，这句话
26、直译会显得语言晦涩难懂，所以应根据汉语的语言习惯采用 “意译法 ”，译作 “我刚过了十二岁生日，就开始被考试折磨，而且在随后的七年中，考试一直如影随形，注定我要艰难跋涉。 ” 2第三句包含两个定语从句，第一个由 which引导，修饰先行词 The subjects，第二个定语从句省略了引导词 that，修饰 those，这两个定语从句中的 dearest和fancied least形成对比，其中 fancied least意为 “最不喜欢的 ”。 3第六句中的 prevailed应意译为 “说了算 ”。 4第七句的主干是 the questionswere those(questions) 。
27、句中包含两个定语从句，第一个 which引导的限制性定语从句修饰 the questions；第二个 which引导的定语从句修饰的是 those， those后面省略了 questions。理清句子结构后，这句话翻译起来就显得比较得心应手了。 【知识模块】 英译汉 4 【正确答案】 房间里，窗子开着，面朝窗子放着一张宽大舒适的扶手椅。体力已经不支的她，一屁股 瘫坐了进去，疲劳似乎侵入了她的灵魂。 房前空旷的场地上长着几棵树，枝头已绽出新绿，透出勃勃生机。空气中荡漾着春雨清新的气息。窗前的街上，有小贩在大声叫卖。远处有歌声悠悠飘来。屋檐下，许多麻雀唧唧喳喳地叫个不停。 窗外西边的天上，白云凝滞
28、，缓缓漂移，层层叠叠；然而，云块间，仍可看见片片蓝天。 她头仰着靠在椅垫上，一动不动，只是偶尔从喉咙冒上来的哽咽使她微微一颤，宛如哭睡了的孩子在梦中仍时而抽泣一般。 【试题解析】 1第一段第一句的正常语序是： A comtortable， roomy armchair stood there， facing the open window，翻译时应根据文体相应处理译文，这里应译成描写形式的无主句，其中 roomy意为 “宽大的 ”。 2第一段第二句为倒装句，主句是 Into this she sank，其中 this指代的是第一句中提到的 armchair，正常的语序应该是 She sank
29、into this armchair； pressed down 为过去分词短语作状语，表达 she的状态； that引导定语从句，修饰physical exhaustion。据此本句可译 为：体力已经不支的她，一屁股瘫坐了进去，疲劳似乎侵入了她的灵魂。 3第二段第二句中的 delicious一词的译法应注意，这里翻译成 “美味的 ”不符合汉语的表达习惯，据此我们应译为 “空气中荡漾着春雨清新的气息。 ” 4第二段第三句中的 crying his wares意为 “叫卖 (货物 )”。 5第三段第一句中的 patches of可译为 “一片片的 ”。 【知识模块】 英译汉 5 【正确答案】 生
30、命是苦还是乐，现在我也无法下定论，就这一点来说，我就不需要对人生患得患失了。 有什么关系呢 ?命运隐藏着 它的面孔，它诏令我降生，要我扮演我的那个小角色，然后又一切归于沉寂。对此我是要顺从还是要反抗呢 ?我没有像别人一样遭受不可容忍的冤屈，也没有受到肉体上或精神上的惨重创伤，对此我满怀感激。人生如此安宁地度过大部分旅程，这难道还不够吗 ?如果我惊异于生命的短暂与空虚，那也是我自己造成的，而且先逝之人已经为我敲响过警钟。最好现在就看清并接受这个事实，不要在日后虚弱的时候陷入惊恐，愚蠢地哭喊，对命运悲叹连连。我宁愿高兴，而不愿遗憾，也不会再想这些事了。 【试题解析】 1画线部分第一句中 Wheth
31、er it has been， in sum， painful or enjoyable是宾语，在此运用倒装结构将其放在句首进行强调，翻译时要注意。破折号后 a fact 是前面句子的同位语，又含有 which引导的定语从句。整个句子有若干层次，翻译时可以根据汉语表达习惯译成若干短句。 taking the loss too seriously中的 loss在此根据上下文应该指 “人生中的失意与损失 ”， takeseriously意为 “重视，认真对待 ”，在此指 “太看重人生的失意而耿耿于怀 ”。 2画线部分第四句中的 intolerable wrong， no terrible woe
32、of flesh or spirit，其中wrong意为 “不公正的对待，冤屈 ”； woe意为 “悲哀，悲伤，灾难 ”， woe of flesh or spirit就是 “肉体上或精神上的惨重创伤 ”。 3画线部分第五句 Is it not much to have accomplished so large a part of the mortal journey with somuch ease?中的 it是形式主语，不定式后是真正的主语。主语较长，最好译为 “人生如此安宁 地度过大部分旅程，这难道还不够吗 ?” 4画线第六句 at its brevity and small significance ， why， that is my own fault；the voices of thosegone before 中的 brevity意为 “简洁，短暂，短促 ”； the voices of those gone before意为 “先逝之人的声音 ”。 【知识模块】 英译汉
