1、专业英语八级（阅读）模拟试卷 114及答案与解析 SECTION A MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS In this section there are several passages followed by fourteen multiple-choice questions. For each multiple-choice question, there are four suggested answers marked A , B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer. 0 (1)In
2、 September 1919, the year after the end of World War I, a German captain named Karl Mayr, who ran a propaganda unit in charge of educating demobilized soldiers in nationalism and scapegoating, received an inquiry from a soldier named Adolf Gemlich about the armys position on “the Jewish question.“ M
3、ayr asked a young subordinate named Adolf Hitler to answer. The resulting Gemlich letter, as it is known to historians, is believed to be the first record of Hitlers anti-Semitic beliefs and has been an important document in Holocaust studies for decades. (2)This week, Rabbi Marvin Hier, the founder
4、 and dean of the Simon Wiesenthal Center, announced that the center has obtained the original, signed letter, which had never been publicly displayed. At the letters public unveiling in New York City, Hier explained its tortuous journey from Hitlers own hand to its eventual home at the centers Museu
5、m of Tolerance in Los Angeles. (3)In April 1945, an American GI named William Ziegler found the letter scattered among other documents in Nuremberg, Germany. Ziegler took the letter home and sold it to a private collector. In 1988, the Wiesenthal Center had the opportunity to buy the letter but was
6、skeptical about whether Hitler could have afforded a typewriter. “He was a nobody; he couldnt afford anything,“ Hier said at the letters unveiling. “A typewriter is like today having somebody who cant afford his meals and hes waving the latest Apple computer in front of you.“ (4)By the time the cent
7、er could verify that Hitler had used a German army typewriter, the letter had been sold to another private collector. In 1990, handwriting expert Charles Hamilton Jr., who gained fame for exposing fake Hitler diaries in 1983, authenticated Hitlers signature on the Gemlich letter. (5)When the Wiesenm
8、al Center again had an opportunity to purchase the letter this year, it paid $150,000 to make the letter part of its collection. “We do not want to make a market for memorabilia(收藏品 ), but this document does not belong in private hands,“ Hier said. “It has too much to say to history. It belongs in p
9、ublic hands, and it has found its home at me Museum of Tolerance.“ (6)Few have questioned the importance of me Gemlich letter in understanding Hitler and the Holocaust. It not only provides a look into his beliefs, but reveals early ideas of how he would attempt the systematic extermination of the J
10、ews. “Anti-Semitism born of purely emotional grounds will find an expression in the form of slaughter,“ Hitler wrote, according to a translation provided by the Wiesenthal Center. “The final goal must be the removal of the Jews. To accomplish these goals, only a government of national power is capab
11、le and never a government of national weakness.“ Hier highlighted these sentences as being the most important in the letter. Yet the purchase of such a document, especially at such a high price, has raised questions among historians. “This is not me Magna Carta,“ says Michael Marrus, the Chancellor
12、Rose and Ray Wolfe Professor Emeritus of Holocaust Studies at the University of Toronto. “I doubt very strongly that, given everything else we know, the Gemlich letter will change historians views about Hitler, or that it will be seen as pushing back Hitlers genocidal ambitions to a very early date.
13、“ Another concern with the purchase is that such transactions, not by private collectors but by a human-rights organization like the Wiesenthal Center, could have unintended consequences. “What you dont want to happen is for mysteriousness to grow around these documents,“ Marrus says. (7)The letter
14、will be on permanent display at the entrance to the Museum of Tolerances Holocaust section, where visitors can view translations and see Hitlers signature on the document for themselves. “Five million people have visited the Museum of Tolerance,“ Hier said. “Ninety-five percent of the visitors are n
15、on-Jews. So we dont only educate the Jewish community that knows about the Holocaust, but we educate the larger world. Thats where the document belongs.“ 1 The Simon Wiesenthal Center bought the Gemlich tetter for the following reasons EXCEPT _. （ A） the letter is the first document to show Hitlers
16、hatred for Jews. （ B） the letter is valuable for knowing about Holocaust. （ C） the Wiesenthal Center wants to display it to the public. （ D） the Wiesenthal Center wants to raise mysteriousness around the letter. 2 The italicized word “authenticated“ in the 4th Paragraph means_. （ A） identified sth.
17、to be fake （ B） proved sth. to be real （ C） verified sth. to be valid （ D） claimed sth. to be natural 3 Which of the following statements best summarizes the main idea of Paragraph Six? （ A） How the letter could be used to understand Hitlers thoughts. （ B） The letter will not change historians views
18、 about Hitler. （ C） The importance of me letter and the doubts about the Centers purchase. （ D） The purchase of the letter will make it more mysterious. 3 (1)Last Friday morning, Britain awoke to the devastation of war. The destruction came not in villages leveled and lives destroyed, but in me anni
19、hilation of a political party. Though Labour still retains control of Parliament, Tony Blairs party was reduced to a smoking ruin in nationwide council elections. (2)Its a sorry end for Mr. Blair, who says hes ready to step down after a decade as prime minister. The man who re-invented me socialist
20、Labour Party into a modern, third-way political dynamo now sees the Iraq war dismantling one of the most formidable political machines in British history. (3)When anger fades and regret settles in, historians will judge the Iraq war a tragedy of Shakespearean proportions. Blair is not the first lead
21、er to disregard the complicated political history of the Middle East, but Britons expected better of tins deeply intelligent man. Despite all the evidence of perfidy, he seems to have had a noble purpose, but that makes his failure all the more tragic. He believed that Britain, because of its histor
22、ical status, was duty-bound to intervene and that it was uniquely placed to act as a moderating influence on President Bush. Mr. Bush, however, was immune to moderation. British statecraft was crushed by American adventurism. (4)The Iraq fiasco muddles the assessment of Blairs otherwise enormously s
23、uccessful prime ministership. Without the war, Labour would still dominate the polls, and the fate of the Tory Party leader David Cameron would look painfully similar to that of his three hapless predecessors. The past 10 years have brought genuine Labour dominance, and the Tories no longer seem to
24、be the natural party of government. (5)That achievement will in time come to dwarf the Iraq debacle. The Blair decade will rightly be seen as a revolution in British politics more profound and long-lasting than that of Margaret Thatcher. When I came to Britain in 1980, Ms. Thatcher had cleaved the c
25、ountry, dividing the population into “them“ and “us“. Politics was a ritual of identity, an expression of antagonism. One knew whom to hate by the sound of their accent. (6)Today, thanks to Blair, issues are blurred, labels largely irrelevant. Class and party lines are no longer precisely drawn. Tor
26、y politicians pretend to be progressive, while Labour promotes illiberal policies such as electronic tagging. The word “socialism“ is hardly ever used, certainly never with sincerity. (7)Thatcher dominated politics in the 1980s by turning acrimony into advantage. She did not seem to mind that more t
27、han half the nation hated her. Blairs domination was entirely different. Like Thatcher, he appeared invincible, yet, unlike her, few cared. The most remarkable feature of the Blair years was the absence of strife. Blair was a consensus politician, the best Britain has ever seen. He removed the dogma
28、tism from politics; he erased the party line. (8)Consensus came at the cost of ideology. Government today is based not on beliefs, but on short-term considerations of political prudence. Today, British politics is often a case of “may the best cynic win.“ (9)Before Blair, the British electoral syste
29、m forced Labour to be inclusive; in order to have any possibility of governing, it had to embrace socialists, workers, and middle-class liberals. Though a broad church, it always had devout believers. Fervent values restricted the partys success. (10)While the Tories knew how to trim their policies
30、to the political wind, Labour was anchored by principle. There were too many party members addicted to the purity of a lost cause be it socialism or unilateral nuclear disarmament; Blair cured Labour of the “curse“ of principle. In his quest, he benefited immensely from the demise of liberalism and
31、the discrediting of socialism across the Western world. (11)His longevity as leader owed much to the fact that he was not burdened by sacred truths. Nor, it seems, were the British people. As the Blair decade has demonstrated, a people who believe in nothing are immensely easy to govern. And what of
32、 the future? Blair will soon hand off to Gordon Brown, his long-serving chancellor of the exchequer, who inherits a party in ruins. Despite his prominence, Mr. Brown remains a mystery man. He is said to have opposed the Iraq intervention. (12)Do not, however, bet on the rebirth of ideology in Britai
33、n. Browns success will be determined largely by his willingness to abandon principle. In years to come, historians will argue whether Blair was an architect of destiny or a floater on the tide of circumstance. History students will assess his credentials as a great man. No one, however, will doubt h
34、is status as a harbinger of an age when ideology is nothing and power everything. 4 When Blair resigned, the Labour _. （ A） was not the natural party of government （ B） had severely lost the Parliament elections （ C） was still holding the power of the kingdom （ D） had reduced to ruins in the past te
35、n years 5 Which of the following is NOT the impression Blair has given to the public? （ A） Intelligent. （ B） Successful. （ C） Competent. （ D） Progressive. 6 The comparison between Blair and Thatcher suggests that _. （ A） there were less people that hated Blair than that hated Thatcher （ B） Thatcher
36、should be criticized for her policies in the 1980s （ C） the way that Blair succeeded was different from that of Thatcher （ D） both Blair and Thatcher dominated the politics during their terms 7 Which of the following implies a contrast? （ A） That achievement will in time come to dwarf the Iraq debac
37、le. （ B） Despite all the evidence of perfidy, he seems to have had a noble purpose. （ C） Politics was a ritual of identity, an expression of antagonism. （ D） His longevity as leader owed much to the fact that he was not burdened by sacred truths. 7 (1)The Paris-based International Energy Agency(IEA)
38、, in its annual forecast, said a number of factors, including the soaring cost of oil, will contribute to a boom in coal. Aging and less-productive oil fields and resistance among major oil exporters to build spare oil capacity will make crude oil and natural gas more expensive and prompt developing
39、 countries to turn increasingly to the worlds dirtiest fossil fuel. (2)The annual World Energy Outlook, released as U.S. benchmark crude rose 20 cents to $96.90 a barrel on the New York Mercantile Exchange trading Wednesday morning, also details a continued surge in oil demand that could result in a
40、 serious supply crunch around 2015. The agency, which acts as an energy think tank funded by the worlds 26 most-advanced economies, portrays a world mat by 2030 will be consuming 55% more energy than it is now, with almost half of me growth because of soaring demand in China and India. While oil wil
41、l remain me worlds largest source of energy in terms of metric tons of oil equivalent, at 32%, coals share is expected to jump to 28%, up from 25% now, contributing to a 57% increase in carbon emissions. (3)Barring unforeseen changes in government policy to reduce oil consumption, me IEA predicts th
42、at worldwide oil demand will hit 116 million barrels a day by 2030, up from about 85 million barrels a day now. Electricity use will nearly double, witii most of me globes new plants burning coal. (4)For nearly all economies, me tough question is on the supply side. The IEA foresees a boost in produ
43、ction from new fields in the Middle East, particularly Saudi Arabia, but warns mat “it is very uncertain“ whether these new sources “will be sufficient to compensate for the decline in output at existing fields“ in the Middle East and among other big producers such as Russia, Mexico and Venezuela. (
44、5)The resulting pinch in supply could result in “an abrupt escalation in oil prices“ around 2015, an event me agency said “cannot be ruled out“. The dramatic rise in oil prices to nearly $100 a barrel from about $50 in early January has invigorated debate over whemer oil prices will go far higher in
45、 coming years, or will taper off from a spike that some critics insist is largely driven by speculation. (6)The IEA bluntly says consumers and governments globally are doing too little to improve energy-supply security and to cut pollution. Even under me most optimistic assumptions, global carbon em
46、issions the main culprit blamed for global warmingwill be 25% higher in 2030 from todays levels. (7)“The pathway were on is not sustainable“ both for me health of me environment and for securing stable energy supplies in me future, IEA Executive Director Nobuo Tanaka told journalists in London. “Tim
47、e is running out.“ (8)China and India are setting the tone of global energy markets with me size of their populations, each over one billion, and double-digit economic growth rates. The IEA predicts mat me two Asian countries combined will import more oil in 2030 than Japan and me U.S. do today. Chi
48、na and India also will account for 80% of the growth in coal consumption over the next two decades, with China tapping abundant domestic supplies but India having to import more of what it needs. (9)While the IEA focused its most recent outlook on China and India, it also forecast booming demand in
49、the Middle East. Oil use there is expected to hit 7.9 million barrels a day by 2015, more than twice the predicted demand in India. (10)Although China is taking measures to mitigate global-warming emissions, the Asian giant is to become the worlds biggest polluter tins year in absolute terms and the largest energy consumer, ahead of the U.S., shortly after 2010, based on current trends, according to the IEA outlook. On a per-capita-emissions basis, the U.S. is expected to remain the worlds biggest greenhouse gas producer o
