1、专业英语八级（阅读）模拟试卷 117及答案与解析 SECTION A MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS In this section there are several passages followed by fourteen multiple-choice questions. For each multiple-choice question, there are four suggested answers marked A , B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer. 0 (1)Al
2、l through my boyhood and youth, I was known as an idler; and yet I was always busy on my own private end, which was to learn to write. I kept always two books in my pocket, one to read, one to write in. As I walked, my mind was busy fitting what I saw with appropriate words; when I sat by the roadsi
3、de, I would either read, or a pencil and a note-book would be in my hand, to note down the features of the scene or write some poor lines of verse. Thus I lived with words. And what I thus wrote was for no further use; it was written consciously for practice. It is not so much that I wished to be an
4、 author(though I wished that too)as that I had vowed that I would learn to write. That was a proficiency that tempted me; and I practiced to acquire it. Description was the principal field of my exercise; for to any one witii senses there is always something worth describing, and town and country ar
5、e but one continuous subject. But I worked in other ways also; I often accompanied my walks with dramatic dialogues, in which I played many parts; and often exercised myself in writing down conversations from memory. (2)This was all excellent, no doubt. And yet this was not the most efficient part o
6、f my training. Good as it was, it only taught me the choice of the essential note and the right word. And regarded as training, it had one grave defect; for it set me no standard of achievement. So mat there was perhaps more profit, as there was certainly more effort, in my secret hours at home. Whe
7、never I read a book or a passage that particularly pleased me, in which a tiling was said or an effect rendered witii propriety, in which there was either some conspicuous force or some happy distinction in the style, I must sit down at once and set myself to ape mat quality. I was unsuccessful, and
8、 I knew it; and tried again, and was again unsuccessful and always unsuccessful; but at least in these vain bouts I got some practice in the rhythm, in harmony, in construction and the coordination of parts. I have thus played the sedulous ape to Hazlitt, to Lamb, to Wordsworth, to Defoe, to Hawthor
9、ne. (3)That, like it or not, is the way to learn to write; whether I have profited or not, that is the way. It was so, if we could trace it out, tiiat all men have learned. Perhaps I hear some one cry out: but this is not the way to be original! It is not; nor is there any way but to be born so. Nor
10、 yet, if you are born original, is tiiere anything in this training that shall clip the wings of your originality. Burns is the very type of a most original force in letters; he was of all men the most imitative. Shakespeare himself proceeds directly from a school. It is only from a school that we c
11、an expect to have good writers; it is almost invariably from a school that great writers issue. Nor is tiiere anything here that should astonish the considerate. Before he can tell what cadences he truly prefers, the student should have tried all that are possible; before he can choose a fitting key
12、 of words, he should long have practiced the literary scales; and it is only after years of such exercises that he can sit down at last, legions of words swarming to his call, dozens of turns of phrases simultaneously bidding for his choice, and he himself knowing what he wants to do and(within the
13、narrow limit of a mans ability)able to do it. (4)And it is the great point of these imitations that there still shines beyond the students reach his inimitable model. Let him try as he please, he is still sure of failure; and it is a very old and a very true saying that failure is the only highroad
14、to success. I must have had some disposition to learn; for I clearsightedly condemned my own performances. I liked doing them indeed; but when they were done, I could see they were rubbish. In consequence, I very rarely showed them even to my friends; and such friends as I chose to be my confidants
15、I must have chosen well, for they had the friendliness to be quite plain with me, “Padding,“ said one. Another wrote: “I cannot understand why you do lyrics so badly.“ No more could I! Thrice I put myself in the way of a more authoritative rebuff, by sending a paper to a magazine. These were returne
16、d; and I was not surprised nor even pained. If they had not been looked at, as(like all amateurs)I suspected was the case, there was no good in repeating the experiment; if they had been looked at well, then I had not yet learned to write, and I must keep on learning and living. Lastly, I had a piec
17、e of good fortune which is the occasion of this paper, and by which I was able to see my literature in print, and to measure experimentally how far I stood from the favour of the public. 1 In his early years of writing practice, the author mainly focused on the ability of_. （ A） note-taking （ B） cri
18、tical thinking （ C） description （ D） communication 2 What did the author do in his secret hours? （ A） He read works written by great writers. （ B） He noted down the lines he liked. （ C） He edited the passages for publication. （ D） He imitated the passages that impressed him. 3 From the description i
19、n the passage, we learn that_. （ A） Burns is well known for his skill of writing letters （ B） Shakespeare has received formal training in schools （ C） creativity is usually based on the persistent practice （ D） people cant find anything to describe until after years of practice 4 Which of the follow
20、ing statements contains a metaphor? （ A） I often accompanied my walks with dramatic dialogues. （ B） . there was either some conspicuous force or some happy distinction. （ C） I must. and set myself to ape that quality. （ D） . before he can choose a fitting key of words. 4 (1)For someone who is such a
21、n extraordinarily successful investor, Warren Buffett comes off as a pretty ordinary guy. Born and bred in Omaha, Nebraska, for more than 40 years, Buffett has lived in the same gray stucco house on Farnam Street mat he bought for $31,500. He wears rumpled, nondescript suits, drives his own car, dri
22、nks Cherry Coke, and is more likely to be found in a Dairy Queen than a four-star restaurant. But me 68-year-old Omaha native has led an extraordinary life. Looking back on his childhood, one can see me budding of a savvy businessman. (2)Even as a young child, Buffett was pretty serious about making
23、 money. He used to go door-to-door and sell soda pop. He and a friend used math to develop a system for picking winners in horseracing and started selling their “Stable-Boy Selections“ tip sheets until they were shut down for not having a license. Later, he also worked at his grandfathers grocery st
24、ore. After frequenting his fathers brokerage firm and charting stock prices on his own, Buffett, at me ripe age of 11, bought his first stock. (3)When his family moved to Washington, D. C, Buffett became a paperboy for The Washington Post and its rival The Times-Herald. When his customers canceled t
25、heir subscriptions for one of the papers, he was ready to offer the other paper to take its place. Buffett ran his five paper routes like an assembly line and even added magazines to round out his product offerings. While still in school, he was making $175 a month, a full-time wage for many young m
26、en. (4)When he was 14, Buffett spent $1,200 on 40 acres of farmland in Nebraska and soon began collecting rent from a tenant farmer. He and a friend also made $50 a week by placing pinball machines in barber shops. They called their venture Wilson Coin Operated Machine Co. (5)Already a successful al
27、beit small-time businessman, Buffett wasnt keen on going to college but ended up at Wharton at the University of Pennsylvania his father encouraged him to go. After two years at Wharton, Buffett transferred to his parents Alma Mater, the University of Nebraska in Lincoln, for his final year of colle
28、ge. There Buffett took a job with the Lincoln Journal supervising 50 paper boys in six rural counties. (6)Buffett applied to Harvard Business School but was turned down in what had to be one of the worst admissions decisions in Harvard history. Nineteen at the time, he was told he was too young and
29、to wait a year or two. The outcome ended up profoundly affecting Buffetts life, for he ended up attending Columbia Business School, where he studied under revered mentor Benjamin Graham, the father of securities analysis who provided the foundation for Buffetts investment strategy. (7)From the begin
30、ning, Buffett made his fortune from investing. He started with all the money he had made from selling pop, delivering papers, and operating pinball machines. Between 1950 and 1956, he grew his $9,800 kitty to $140,000. From there, he organized investment partnerships with his family and friends, and
31、 then gradually drew in other investors through word of mouth and very attractive terms: Limited partners would get to keep all the profits Buffett made for them up to 4%. Anything beyond that would be split 75% would be earmarked for the investors and 25% for Buffett. In other words, if Buffetts re
32、turn was 4% or less, he would take home nothing. (8)Buffetts goal was to top the Dow Jones Industrial Average by an average of 10% a year. Over the length of the Buffett partnership between 1957 and 1969, Buffetts investments grew at a compound annual rate of 29.5%, crushing the Dows return of 7.4%
33、over the same period. (9)Buffetts investment strategy mirrors his lifestyle and overall philosophy. He doesnt collect houses or cars or works of art, and he disdains companies that waste money on such extravagances as limousines, private dining rooms, and high-priced real estate. He is a creature of
34、 habit same house, same office, same city, same soda and dislikes change. In his investments, that means holding on to “core holdings“ such as American Express, Coca-Cola, and The Washington Post Co. “forever“. (10)Buffetts view of inherited money also departs from the norm. Critical of the self-ind
35、ulgence of the super-rich, Buffett thinks of inheritances as “privately funded food stamps“ that keep children of the rich from leading normal, independent lives. With his own three kids, he gave them each $10,000 a year the tax-deductible limit at Christmas. When he gave them a loan, they had to si
36、gn a written agreement. When his daughter, also named Susie like her mother, needed $20 to park at the airport, he made her write him a check for it. (11)As for charity, Buffetts strict standards have made it difficult for him to give much away. He evaluates charities the same way he looks for stock
37、s: value for money, return on invested capital. He has established the Buffett Foundation, designed to accumulate money and give it away after his and his wifes deaths though the foundation has given millions to organizations involved with population control, family planning, abortion, and birth con
38、trol. The argument goes that Buffett can actually give away a greater sum in the end by growing his money while hes still alive. (12)Buffetts tenacious grip on stability and constancy is reflected in his friendships, such as his longtime collaboration with Charlie Munger and his relationship with hi
39、s wife Susie. They got married when Buffett was 21, and judging from Berkshires annual reports and other public appearances, theyve been happy together ever since. 5 According to the passage, Buffett _. （ A） developed the “Stable-Boy Selections“ tip sheets with his friend at age 11 （ B） started to m
40、ake money as a child working at his grandfathers grocery store （ C） worked full time as a paperboy for two rival newspapers in Washington D.C. （ D） had already started to run their own business with his friend at the age of 14 6 The relationship between the fifth and sixth paragraphs is that _. （ A）
41、 the 5th generalizes and the 6th gives an example （ B） each presents one stage of the development （ C） the 6th is the logical result of the 5th （ D） both illustrate Buffetts academic life 7 Buffetts investment strategy seems to reflect all of the following EXCEPT _. （ A） Benjamin Grahams investment
42、conception （ B） Buffetts lifestyle and overall philosophy （ C） Buffetts critical view of inheritances （ D） Buffetts evaluations of philanthropy 8 Which of the following is NOT true, according to the passage? （ A） People usually tend to think of inheritances as being normal. （ B） Buffetts three kids
43、are kept from leading normal, independent lives. （ C） Buffett has strict standards for using the money of his Foundation. （ D） The Foundation has been intended to grow before Buffetts death. 9 According to the passage, Buffett is best described as a _. （ A） wise investor with an unchanged portfolio
44、（ B） wise investor who gave away all his money （ C） talented investor with a simple lifestyle （ D） talented investor who views charity low 9 (1)The Children Act 1989 does not as such require parents or persons holding parental responsibility to either involve children in the decision making process
45、or to take their views into account. However the exercise of parental responsibility is limited when children are sufficiently mature and have the capacity to make decisions about their own future. This is as a consequence of the 1985 decision in Gillick vs. Wisbeach Health Authority in which the Ho
46、use of Lords decided that a child under 16 could consent to medical treatment if he or she could understand what was involved in such treatment and was capable of expressing his or her views and wishes. This has come to be known as “Gillick competence“ and while the House of Lords did not identify a
47、 specific age at which children were to be deemed to be sufficiently mature to have their views considered, it follows from Gillick that the older the child, the greater the weight that will be attached to their views. This approach is consistent with certain provisions of the UNCRC(the 1989 United
48、Convention of the Rights of the Child)which the UK ratified in 1991 Article 5 which requires that childrens rights be exercised in accordance with their evolving capacities and Article 12 which requires that in all decisions effecting children due weight should be attached to their views. (2)A child
49、s parents have an unfettered right to name their child and they are required by law to register the childs name within 42 days of the childs birth. Where only one person has parental responsibility that person can change the childs name without requiring the consent or permission of anyone else. But where for example a father has parental responsibility and does not agree to a change of name then it is considered good practice to ask the court to make a decision. In this situation the court will consider a range
