1、专业英语八级（阅读）模拟试卷 120及答案与解析 SECTION A MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS In this section there are several passages followed by fourteen multiple-choice questions. For each multiple-choice question, there are four suggested answers marked A , B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer. 0 (1)I
2、remember meeting him one evening with his pushcart. I had managed to sell all my papers and was coming home in the snow. It was that strange hour in downtown New York when the workers were pouring homeward in the twilight. I marched among thousands of tired men and women whom the factory whistles ha
3、d unyoked. They flowed in rivers through the clothing factory districts, then down along the avenues to the East Side. (2)I met my father near Cooper Union. I recognized him, a hunched, frozen figure in an old overcoat standing by a banana cart. He looked so lonely, the tears came to my eyes. Then h
4、e saw me, and his face lit with his sad, beautiful smile Charlie Chaplins smile. (3)“Arch, its Mikey,“ he said. “So you have sold your papers! Come and eat a banana.“ (4)He offered me one. I refused it. I felt it crucial that my father sell his bananas, not give them away. He thought I was shy, and
5、coaxed and joked with me, and made me eat the banana. It smelled of wet straw and snow. (5)“You havent sold many bananas today, pop,“ I said anxiously. (6)He shrugged his shoulders. (7)“What can I do? No one seems to want them.“ (8)It was true. The work crowds pushed home morosely over the pavements
6、. The rusty sky darkened over New York buildings, the tall street lamps were lit, innumerable trucks, street cars and elevated trains clattered by. Nobody and nothing in the great city stopped for my fathers bananas. (9)“I ought to yell,“ said my father dolefully. “I ought to make a big noise like o
7、ther peddlers, but it makes my throat sore. Anyway, Im ashamed of yelling, it makes me feel like a fool.“ (10)I had eaten one of his bananas. My sick conscience told me that I ought to pay for it somehow. I must remain here and help my father. (11)“Ill yell for you, pop,“ I volunteered. (12)“Arch, n
8、o,“ he said, “go home; you have worked enough today. Just tell momma Ill be late.“ (13)But I yelled and yelled. My father, standing by, spoke occasional words of praise, and said I was a wonderful yeller. Nobody else paid attention. The workers drifted past us wearily, endlessly; a defeated army wra
9、pped in dreams of home. Elevated trains crashed; the Cooper Union clock burned above us; the sky grew black, the wind poured, the slush burned through our shoes. There were thousands of strange, silent figures pouring over the sidewalks in snow. None of them stopped to buy bananas. I yelled and yell
10、ed, nobody listened. (14)My father tried to stop me at last. “Nu,“ he said smiling to console me, “that was wonderful yelling, Mikey. But its plain we are unlucky today! Lets go home.“ (15)I was frantic, and almost in tears. I insisted on keeping up my desperate yells. But at last my father persuade
11、d me to leave with him. 1 Which of the following in the first paragraph does NOT indicate crowds of people? （ A） Thousands of. （ B） Flowed. （ C） Pouring. （ D） Unyoked. 2 Which of the following is intended to be a pair of contrast in the passage? （ A） Huge crowds and lonely individuals. （ B） Weather
12、conditions and street lamps. （ C） Clattering trains and peddlers yells. （ D） Moving crowds and street traffic. 3 Which of the following words is NOT suitable to describe the character of the son? （ A） Compassionate. （ B） Responsible. （ C） Shy. （ D） Determined. 4 The authors attitude towards the fath
13、er and the son is _. （ A） indifferent. （ B） sympathetic （ C） appreciative （ D） difficult to tell 4 (1)Sometimes you can know too much. The aim of screening healthy people for cancer is to discover tumours when they are small and treatable. It sounds laudable and often it is. But it sometimes leads t
14、o unnecessary treatment The body has a battery of mechanisms for stopping small tumours from becoming large ones. Treating those that would have been suppressed anyway does no good and can often be harmful. (2)Take lung cancer. A report in this weeks Journal of the American Medical Association, by P
15、eter Bach of the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Centre in New York and his colleagues, suggests that, despite much fanfare around the use of computed tomography(CT)to detect tumours in me lungs well before they cause symptoms, the test may not reduce the risk of dying from me disease at all indeed,
16、 it may make things worse. (3)The story begins last year, when Claudia Henschke of Cornell University and her colleagues made headlines with a report mat patients whose lung cancer had been diagnosed early by CT screening had excellent long-term survival prospects. Her research suggested that 88% of
17、 patients could expect to be alive ten years after their diagnosis. Dr. Bach found similar results in a separate study. In his case, 94% of patients diagnosed with early-stage lung cancer were alive four years later. (4)Survival data alone, though, fail to answer a basic question: “compared with wha
18、t?“ People are bound to live longer after their diagnosis if mat diagnosis is made earlier. Early diagnosis is of little value unless it results in a better prognosis. (5)Dr. Bach, merefore, interrogated his data more thoroughly. He used statistical models based on results from studies of lung cance
19、r that did not involve CT screening, to try to predict what would have happened to me individuals in his own study if they had not been part of mat study. The results were not encouraging. (6)Screening did, indeed, detect more tumours. Over me course of five years, 144 cases of lung cancer were pick
20、ed up in a population of 3,200, compared with a predicted number of 44. Despite these early diagnoses, though, there was no reduction in the number of people who went on to develop advanced cancer, nor a significant drop in the number who died of me disease(38, compared with a prediction of 39). Con
21、sidering mat early diagnosis prompted a tenfold increase in surgery aimed at removing the cancer(the predicted number of surgical interventions was 11; the actual number was 109), and that such surgery is unsafe 5% of patients die and another 20-40% suffer serious complications the whole process see
22、ms to make things worse. (7)Dr. Bachs conclusion is that many of me extra cancers picked up by CT screening would never have caused clinical disease, while the most aggressive tumours those that cause most of the 160,000 lung-cancer deaths in America each year grow too quickly to be found early, eve
23、n with annual CT screening. The situation resembles prostate-cancer screening, which relies on a blood test for a molecule secreted by prostate tumours. In prostate screening, a lot of disease is identified, but mere is great doubt over me number of lives this saves. Dr. Bachs research also resemble
24、s an earlier attempt to deal with lung cancer, in which researchers uncovered 20% more tumours in groups that underwent screening using chest X-rays than in those who did not. Then, too, the frequency of death from the disease did not differ between the two groups. Both Dr. Bach and Dr. Henschke had
25、 hoped that by using CT, which is better than X-rays at picking up small tumours in the lungs, they might have changed this outcome. (8)Dr. Bach was comparing data from screened people with a model of what would have happened to an unscreened group. The final word on CT screening for lung cancer wil
26、l have to wait for the results of a proper experiment that compares screened and unscreened groups. These are expected in the next year or two. The omens, however, are bad. What you do know can hurt you. 5 The reports of Claudia Henschke and Dr. Bach were both questioned because _. （ A） the findings
27、 were not reliable （ B） the findings were of little value （ C） the methodology was questionable （ D） they did the research together 6 The results of Dr. Bachs study do NOT indicate that _. （ A） computed tomography detects more tumours in the early stage （ B） some aggressive tumors are impossible to
28、be detected early （ C） early diagnosis can effectively prevent the development of cancer （ D） people diagnosed with early-stage cancer are likely to choose surgeries 7 According to Paragraph 7, prostate-cancer screening is similar to CT screening in that _. （ A） both of mem are advanced medical appa
29、ratus （ B） both of them are used for the treatment of cancer （ C） neither significantly reduces the death rate of cancer patients （ D） neither of them can identify tumours in the early stage 7 (1)Joy and sadness are experienced by people in all cultures around the world, but how can we tell when oth
30、er people are happy or despondent? It turns out that the expression of many emotions may be universal. Smiling is apparently a universal sign of friendliness and approval. Baring the teeth in a hostile way, as noted by Charles Darwin in the nineteenth century, may be a universe sign of anger. As the
31、 originator of the theory of evolution, Darwin believed that the universal recognition of facial expressions would have survival value. For example, facial expressions could signal the approach of enemies(or friends)in the absence of language. (2)Most investigators concur mat certain facial expressi
32、ons suggest the same emotions in a people. Moreover, people in diverse cultures recognize the emotions manifested by the facial expressions. In classic research Paul Ekman took photographs of people exhibiting the emotions of anger, disgust, fear, happiness, and sadness. He then asked people around
33、the world to indicate what emotions were being depicted in mem. Those queried ranged from European college students to members of the Fore, a tribe that dwells in the New Guinea highlands. All groups including the Fore, who had almost no contact with Western culture, agreed on the portrayed emotions
34、. The Fore also displayed familiar facial expressions when asked how they would respond if they were the characters in stories that called for basic emotional responses. Ekman and his colleagues more recently obtained similar results in a study of ten cultures in which participants were permitted to
35、 report that multiple emotions were shown by facial expressions. The participants generally agreed on which two emotions were being shown and which emotion was more intense. (3)Psychological researchers generally recognize that facial expressions reflect emotional states. In fact, various emotional
36、states give rise to certain patterns of electrical activity in the facial muscles and in the brain. The facial-feedback hypothesis argues, however, that the causal relationship between emotions and facial expressions can also work in the opposite direction. According to this hypothesis, signals from
37、 the facial muscles(“feedback“)are sent back to emotion centers of the brain, and so a persons facial expression can influence that persons emotional state. Consider Darwins words: “The free expression by outward signs of an emotion intensifies it. On the other hand, the repression, as far as possib
38、le, of all outward signs softens our emotions.“ Can smiling give rise to feelings of good will, for example, and frowning to anger? (4)Psychological research has given rise to some interesting findings concerning the facial-feedback hypothesis. Causing participants in experiments to smile, for examp
39、le, leads them to report more positive feelings and to rate cartoons(humorous drawings of people or situations)as being more humorous. When they are caused to frown, they rate cartoons as being more aggressive. (5)What are the possible links between facial expressions and emotion? One link is arousa
40、l, which is the level of activity or preparedness for activity in an organism. Intense contraction of facial muscles, such as those used in signifying fear, heightens arousal. Self-perception of heightened arousal then leads to heightened emotional activity. Other links may involve changes in brain
41、temperature and the release of neurotransmitters(substances that transmit nerve impulses.)The contraction of facial muscles both influences the internal emotional state and reflects it. Ekman has found that the so-called Duchenne smile, which is characterized by “crows feet“ wrinkles around the eyes
42、 and a subtle drop in the eye cover fold so that the skin above the eye moves down slightly toward the eyeball, can lead to pleasant feelings. (6)Ekmans observation may be relevant to the British expression “keep a stiff upper lip“ as a recommendation for handling stress. It might be that a “stiff“
43、lip suppresses emotional response as long as the lip is not quivering with fear or tension. But when the emotion that leads to stiffening the Up is more intense, and involves strong muscle tension, facial feedback may heighten emotional response. 8 “Crows feet“ wrinkles and “keep a stiff upper Up“ a
44、re used to show _. （ A） relationship between facial expressions and emotions （ B） facial muscles influence on the emotion （ C） the reasonableness of Ekmans scientific research （ D） emotions reflection on facial expressions 9 According to Paragraph 2, the Fore people of New Guinea _. （ A） disagreed w
45、ith others on the portrayed emotions （ B） had few contact with the Western culture （ C） were queried by Charles Darwin about facial expressions （ D） were good at showing their basic emotions 10 Facial-feedback hypothesis refers that _. （ A） facial expressions can affect a persons emotions （ B） facia
46、l expressions and emotions influence each other （ C） emotions can bring changes in the facial expressions （ D） facial expressions weaken a persons emotions 10 (1)My mothers hands are deep in cabbage leaves, her sleeves pushed up past her elbows, as she sifts through water, salt, and vegetable. Benea
47、th her nails are saffron flakes of red pepper powder. My mother wears an apron; under it her stomach is full and round. The apron is blue with red borders. I remember she bought it one day at Woodwards on sale. (2)I sit at the kitchen table beneath a peach-painted ceiling and a chandelier with overs
48、ized plastic teardrops. Every now and then I get up and walk over to the counter, peer into the yellow tub, watch, pretend to watch, and then sit down again. Across from me, the little knick-knacks my mother loves so much ceramic flowers, Delfts-blue miniature vases, a figurine forever wind-blown ar
49、e arranged upon the window sill. (3)My mothers hands are thin-skinned, pale, spotted and freckled with age and sun. The nails are thick, almost yellow. A few strands of hair, not quite black, fall over her forehead and her mouth is slightly open, the tip of her tongue just visible between her teeth as she lifts and mixes the cabbage leaves. “Are you paying attention?“ she wants to know, and I nod at ceramic flowers, Delfts-blue miniature vases, a figurine forever windblown. (4)Kim chee is pickled cabbage. Friends
