1、专业英语八级（阅读）练习试卷 27及答案与解析 0 “Whats done cannot be undone,“ moaned Lady Macbeth in her famous sleepwalking scene. If she woke up in the 21st century, she would be pleased to discover that whatever can be done can be undone, too. Or perhaps it just seems that way in the new social spaces we are carving
2、for ourselves online. On popular web sites devoted to social networking, innovative verbs have been springing up to describe equally innovative forms of interactions: you can friend someone on Facebook; follow a fellow user on Twitter; or favorite a video on YouTube. Change your mind? You can just a
3、s easily unfriend, unfollow or unfavorite with a click of the mouse. The recent un-trend has also seeped into the world of advertising. KFC is marketing its new Kentucky Grilled Chicken with the tagline “UNthink: Taste the UNfried Side of KFC.“ The cellphone company MetroPCS challenges you to “Unlim
4、it Yourself,“ while its competitor Boost Mobile wants you to get “UNoverageD“ and “UNcontractD“ (ridding yourself of burdensome overage fees and contracts). Even victims of the financial downturn can seek solace in un-: ABC broadcast a special report in May telling viewers how to get “Un-Broke.“ Whe
5、re did all of this un- activity come from? Ever since Old English, the un- prefix has come in two basic flavors. It can be used like the word “not“ to negate adjectives (unkind, uncertain, unfair) and the occasional noun (unreason, unrest, unemployment). Or it can attach to a verb to indicate the re
6、versal of an action (unbend, unfasten, unmask). Both kinds of un-are ripe for creating new words. The negative variety of the prefix has been particularly fertile for spinning off nouns, at least since 7-Up first branded itself as the “Un-Cola“ in the late 1960s. In the business world we now find un
7、conferences and unmarketing, predicated on the notion that we need to rethink traditional models of conferences and marketing. And beware of unnovation, the opposite of innovation. But its the reversible un- that has really been getting a workout lately, even more so than its semantic sibling de- (a
8、s in declutter or defragment). Our expectations that any action can be taken back have been primed by a few decades of personal computing, which injected the founding metaphor of “undoing“ into the common consciousness. An early glimmer of our Age of Undoing appeared in a prescient 1976 research rep
9、ort by Lance A. Miller and JohnC. Thomas ofI. B.M., drably titled “Behavioral Issues in the Use of Interactive Systems.“ “It would be quite useful,“ Miller and Thomas observe, “to permit users to take back at least the immediately preceding command (by issuing some special undo command).“ Useful ind
10、eed! The undo command would become a crucial feature of text editors and word processors in the PC era, assigned the now-familiar keyboard shortcut of Control-Z by programmers at the research center Xerox PAR C. In the software of the 80s, some undo commands became “multilevel,“ allowing users to ta
11、ke back a whole series of actions (called the undo stack), not just the most recent one. Ad-hoc un- verbs began to emerge for these reversible innovations. In 1984, the software company New Star introduced the unerase command for its word-processing program NewWord, whileI.B.M.s VisiWord countered w
12、ith undelete. From there it was a quick step to unbolding, unitalicizing and even un-underlining your errantly formatted text. The Yale University linguist Laurence R. Horn sees an earlier technological metaphor at work in the flurry of un- verbs. As Horn writes in “Uncovering the Un-Word,“ a paper
13、in the journal Sophia Linguistica: “The prevailing sense is that for something to unhappen, the tape of reality must be set to Rewind. That this is a practical impossibility . . . does not make the metaphor any the less attractive.“ Rewinding the tape of reality is an appealing metaphor in science f
14、iction, unsurprisingly. Nancy Etchemendys young-adult novel, “The Power of Un,“ features a middle-school student who operates a gizmo called “The Unner“ to go back in time and undo past events. Songwriters have also made poetic use of the un- prefix to imagine the reversal of irreversible things, no
15、tably falling in and out of love. Its a useful lyrical trick in such genres as folk rock (Lucinda Williamss “Unsuffer Me“), R I could not unlove him now.“ What sets latter-day un-verbs apart from these historical examples is that the “reality rewind“ is no longer a flight of counterfactual fancy: it
16、s built right into the interfaces that we use to make sense of our shared virtual worlds. 1 The un-verb can be found in the following EXCEPT _. （ A） online （ B） on cellphone （ C） in advertising （ D） in broadcasting 2 The un-prefix can be used to do the following EXCEPT _. （ A） to negate adjectives （
17、 B） to reverse an action （ C） to negate nouns （ D） to stop an action 3 The passage is mainly about _. （ A） the digitized life （ B） the functions of computers （ C） the development of language （ D） the development of computers 4 What is true about the un-verbs used nowadays? （ A） People use them to re
18、flect their fancy. （ B） People use them to reverse irreversible things. （ C） People use them to undo past events in their life. （ D） People use them in the interfaces of the virtual worlds. 5 What do you think the author is going to talk about following the last paragraph? （ A） The history of the un
19、-verbs. （ B） The importance of the un-verbs. （ C） The meaning of the “reality rewind“. （ D） The use of un-verbs in the virtual worlds. 5 Current economic hardships have had what is called in constitutional law a “disparate impact“: The crisis has not afflicted everyone equally. Although women are a
20、majority of the workforce, perhaps as many as 80 percent of jobs lost were held by men. This injury to men is particularly unfortunate because it may exacerbate, and be exacerbated by, a culture of immaturity among the many young men who are reluctant to grow up. Increasingly, they are defecting fro
21、m the meritocracy. Women now receive almost 58 percent of bachelors degrees. This is why many colleges admit men with qualifications inferior to those of women applicants which is one reason why men have higher dropout rates. The Pew Research Center reports that 28 percent of wives between ages 30 a
22、nd 44 have more education than their husbands, whereas only 19 percent of husbands in the same age group have more education than their wives. Twenty-three percent of men with some college education earn less than their wives. In law, medical, and doctoral programs, women are majorities or, if trend
23、s continue, will be. In 1956, the median age of men marrying was 22.5. But between 1980 and 2004, the percentage of men reaching age 40 without marrying increased from 6 to 16.5. A recent study found that 55 percent of men from 18 to 24 are living in their parents homes, as are 13 percent of men fro
24、m 25 to 34, compared to 8 percent of women. Mike Stivic, a.k.a. Meathead, the liberal graduate student in All in the Family, reflected societys belief in the cultural superiority of youth, but he was a leading indicator of something else: He lived in his father-in-law Archie Bunkers home. What are t
25、odays “basement boys“ doing down there? Perhaps watching Friends and Seinfeld reruns about a culture of extended youth utterly unlike the world of young adults in previous generations. Gary Cross, a Penn State University historian, wonders, “Where have all the men gone?“ His book, Men to Boys: The M
26、aking of Modem Immaturity, argues that “the culture of the boy-men today is less a life stage than a lifestyle.“ If you wonder what has become of manliness, he says, note the differences between Cary Grant and Hugh Grant, the former, dapper and debonair, the latter, a perpetually befuddled boy. Perm
27、issive parenting, Cross says, made children less submissive, and the decline of deference coincided with the rise of consumer and media cultures celebrating the indefinite retention of the tastes and habits of childhood. The opening of careers to talented women has coincided with the attenuation of
28、male role models in popular culture. In 1959, there were 27 Westerns on prime-time television glamorizing male responsibility. Cross says the large-scale entry of women into the workforce made many men feel marginalized, especially when men were simultaneously bombarded by new parenting theories, wh
29、ich cast fathers as their childrens pals, or worse. In 1945, Parents magazine said a father should “keep yourself huggable“ but show a son the “respect“ owed a “business associate.“ All this led to “ambiguity and confusion about what fathers were to do in the postwar home and, even more, about what
30、it meant to grow up male.“ Playboy magazine, a harbinger of perpetual adolescence, sold trinkets for would-be social dropouts: “Join the beat generation! Buy a beat generation tieclasp.“ Think about that. Although Cross, an aging academic boomer, was a student leftist, he believed that 1960s radical
31、ism became “a retreat into childish tantrums“ symptomatic “of how permissive parents infantilized the boomer generation.“ And the boomers children?“ Consider the television commercials for the restaurant chain called Dave & Busters, which seems to be, ironically, a Chuck E. Cheeses for adults a plac
32、e for young adults, especially men, to drink beer and play electronic games and exemplify youth not as a stage of life but as a perpetual refuge from adulthood. At the 2006 Super Bowl, the Rolling Stones sang “Satisfaction,“ a song older than the Super Bowl. At this years game, another 10ng-of-tooth
33、 act, the Who, continued the commerce of catering to baby boomers limitless appetite for nostalgia. “My generations obsession with youth and its memories,“ Cross writes, “stands out in the history of human vanity.“ Last November, when Tiger Woodss misadventures became public, his agent said: “Lets p
34、lease give the kid a break.“ The kid was then 33. He is now 34 but, no doubt, still a kid. The puerile anthem of a current Pepsi commercial is drearily prophetic: “Forever young.“ 6 According to Gary Cross, which of the following is NOT true about the culture of boy-men today? （ A） Men are just like
35、 boys. （ B） It has become a lifestyle. （ C） It is just a stage in our life. （ D） It is different from that of yesterday. 7 Gary Cross thinks the following are the causes for the culture of boy-men today EXCEPT _. （ A） Men are easily out of work. （ B） Children show less respect to their parents. （ C）
36、 Parents allow great freedom of behavior to children. （ D） Commercials ask people to keep their childhood habits. 8 What can be inferred about Crosss idea of parenting? （ A） Fathers should be their childrens friends. （ B） Fathers should be strict with their children. （ C） Fathers should be too stric
37、t with their children. （ D） Fathers should show their love to their children as much as possibl 9 What can Tiger Woodss misadventures reflect? （ A） Tiger Wood was still very young. （ B） It is a fashion to be forever young. （ C） Modem men like to keep themselves young. （ D） Modem men lack responsibil
38、ity they should hav 10 What does the passage mainly tell us? （ A） Men are inferior to women today. （ B） It is a fashion for men to be forever young. （ C） It is a social problem that modern men will not mature. （ D） Men become inferior because women enter the workforc 专业英语八级（阅读）练习试卷 27答案与解析 【知识模块】 阅读
39、 1 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 此题是事实题。由第二、三段可知， “un”类词被用在网络上、广告上和广播里。 【知识模块】 阅读 2 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 此题是事实题。由第四段可知，前缀 “un”可以被用来否定形容词、否定名词、撤销动作。 【知识模块】 阅读 3 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 此题是主旨大意题。全文主题是前缀 “un”的作用，是关于语言的一篇文章。 【知识模块】 阅读 4 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 此题是推断题。由最后一段可知， un一动词被用在虚拟世界的界面上，这是与以往 un-动词的区别。 【知识模块】 阅读 5 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 此
40、题是推理题。作者会在最后一段之后，谈论 un-动词在虚拟世界即网络上的运用。 【知识模块】 阅读 【知识模块】 阅读 6 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 此题是事实题。由第五段可知， “the culture ofthe boy-men today is less a life stage than a lifestyle ”意思是，今天男孩式的男人这种文化与其说是人生中的一个阶段还不如说是一种生活方式。 【知识模块】 阅读 7 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 此题是事实题。由第六段可知，选项 B、 C、 D是导致今天男孩式男人文化的原因。 【知识模块】 阅读 8 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 此题是推断题。由第七段可知， Cross不赞成那些新的如何为人父母的理论，如父亲应该成为孩子的朋友，因此，可断定父亲应对孩子严厉。 【知识模块】 阅读 9 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 此题是推断题。由最后一段可知，老虎伍兹的丑闻公布于众之后，他的经纪人说： “请给这孩子一次机会。 ”这句话似乎给老虎伍兹一个借口，即他还小。难道一个已经 33岁的男人还不能分辨是非吗 ? 【知识模块】 阅读 10 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 此题是推理概括题。文章谈论的是现代社会中不成熟的男人及其成因。 【知识模块】 阅读
