1、专业英语八级（阅读）练习试卷 33及答案与解析 0 Even if they produced no other positive result, the attacks on the London Underground have compelled Europeans of all faiths to think with new urgency about the Continents Muslim minority. Such a reckoning was long overdue. Some left-wing politicians, like Londons mayor, Ke
2、n Livingstone, have chosen to emphasize the proximate causes of Muslim anger, focusing on the outrage widely felt in Islamic immigrant communities over the war in Iraq and the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. But the harsh reality is that the crisis in relations between the European mainstream and the
3、Islamic diaspora has far deeper roots, consoling as it might be to pretend otherwise. Indeed, the news could scarcely be worse. What Europeans are waking up to is a difficult truth: the immigrants who perform the Continents menial jobs, and, as is often forgotten, began coming to Europe in the 1950s
4、 because European governments and businesses encouraged their mass migration, are profoundly alienated from European society for reasons that have little to do with the Middle East and everything to do with Europe. This alienation is cultural, historical and above all religious, as much if not more
5、than it is political. Immigrants who were drawn to Europe because of the Continents economic success are in rebellion against the cultural, social and even psychological sources of that success. In a sense, Europes bad fortune is that Islam is in crisis. Imagine that Mexican Catholicism was in a sim
6、ilar state, and that a powerful, well-financed minority of anti-modem purists was doing its most successful proselytizing among Mexican immigrants in places like Los Angeles, Phoenix and Chicago, above all among the discontented, underemployed youth of the barrios. The predictable, perhaps even the
7、inevitable, result would be the same sort of estrangement between Hispanics and the American mainstream. Whatever the roots of the present troubles, what is undeniable is that many immigrant Muslims and their children remain unreconciled to their situation in Europe. Some find their traditional reli
8、gious values scorned, while others find themselves alienated by the independence of women, with all its implications for the future of the “traditional“ Muslim family. In response, many have turned to the most obscurantist interpretation of the Islamic faith as a salve. At the fringes of the diaspor
9、a, some have turned to violence. So far, at least, neither the carrot nor the stick has worked. Politicians talk of tighter immigration controls. Yet the reality is that a Europe in demographic freefall needs more, not fewer, immigrants if it is to maintain its prosperity. Tony Blair just proposed n
10、ew laws allowing the deportation of radical mullahs and the shutting of mosques and other sites associated with Islamic extremism. But given the sheer size of the Muslim population in England and throughout the rest of Europe, the security services are always going to be playing catch-up. Working to
11、gether, and in a much more favorable political and security context, French and Spanish authorities have, after more than 20 years, been unable to put an end to the terrorism of the Basque separatist group ETA. And there are at least twice as many Muslims in France as there are Basques in Spain. At
12、the same time, it is difficult to see how the extremists grievances can ever be placated by conciliatory gestures. It is doubtful that the British governments proposed ban on blasphemy against Islam and other religions will have a demonstrable effect. (What would have happened to Salman Rushdie had
13、such a ban been in force when “The Satanic Verses“ was published?) Meanwhile, the French government has tried to create an “official“ state-sanctioned French Islam. This approach may be worth the effort, but the chances of success are uncertain. It will require the enthusiastic participation of an I
14、slamic religious establishment whose influence over disaffected youth is unclear. What seems clearer is that European governments have very little time and nowhere near enough knowledge about which members of the Islamic community really are “preachers of hate“ and which, however unpalatable their v
15、iews, are part of the immigrant mainstream. The multicultural fantasy in Europe -its eclipse can be seen most poignantly in Holland, that most self-definedly liberal of all European countries was that, in due course, assuming that the proper resources were committed and benevolence deployed, Islamic
16、 and other immigrants would eventually become liberals. As its said, they would come to “accept“ the values of their new countries. It was never clear how this vision was supposed to coexist with multiculturalisms other main assumption, which was that group identity should be maintained. But by now
17、that question is largely academic: the European vision of multiculturalism, in all its simultaneous good will and self-congratulation, is no longer sustainable. And most Europeans know it. What they dont know is what to do next. If the broad-brush anti-Muslim discourse of Jean-Marie Le Pens National
18、 Front in France or the Vlaams Belang Party in Belgium entered the political mainstream, it would only turn the Islamic diaspora in Europe into the fifth column that, for the moment, it is certainly not. But Europeans can hardly accept an immigrant veto over their own mores, whether those mores invo
19、lve womens rights or, for that matter, the right to blaspheme, which the Dutch filmmaker Theo van Gogh so bravely asserted and died for. Figuring out how to prevent Europes multicultural reality from becoming a war of all against all is the challenge that confronts the Continent. It makes all of Eur
20、opes other problems, from the economy to the euro to the sclerosis of social democracy, seem trivial by comparison. Unfortunately, unlike those challenges, this one is existential and urgent and has no obvious answers. 1 According to the passage, which of the following is the major cause for the att
21、acks on the London Underground? （ A） The anger among Islamic immigrants over the Iraqi War. （ B） The Israeli-Palestinian conflict. （ C） The Islamic alienation from European society. （ D） The Islamic diaspor 2 According to the passage, which of the following is the major lesson learned from the attac
22、ks on the London Underground? （ A） The government should propose new laws stopping the Islamic diaspora. （ B） The British army should pull out from the Iraqi war. （ C） The government should guard against the Islamic bombers. （ D） Europeans should draw their attention to the Muslim minority. 3 The si
23、tuation of the Muslims in Europe is what the following state except _. （ A） Their own religion is looked down upon. （ B） They are satisfied with the economic success. （ C） They are alienated in culture, history and religion. （ D） The independence of women has an impact on the future of their family.
24、 4 The following are the measures mentioned in the passage to the solution of the Islamic problems except _. （ A） Tighter immigration laws should be proposed. （ B） Tougher measures like the deportation of radical mullahs should be taken. （ C） The ban on blasphemy against Islam is proposed. （ D） The
25、security of the Middle East should be maintaine 5 Which of the following is NOT true about multiculturalism in Europe? （ A） Multiculturalism might become a war of all against all. （ B） Islamic and other immigrants will become liberals in Holland. （ C） Group identity should be maintained in multicult
26、uralism. （ D） Multiculturalism fails to exist in Europ 5 Shellys snack shop was the name that Brian Egemo of Badger, Iowa, applied to his wifes side of the bed. In 1994 Shelly, who had been a sleepwalker as a child, began sleepwalking again. But this time, her nightly rambles took her to the kitchen
27、 for cookies, candies and potato chips, which she would bring back to bed and devour while still asleep. “In the morning, there would be frosting in my hair and M&Ms stuck to my husbands back,“ she says. Worse yet, she woke up feeling exhausted and sick from all the junk food. After years of this “s
28、leep eating,“ her nerves were so jangled that she became unglued at the slightest upset. “Someone would knock over the salt shaker and Id go into orbit,“ she says. It wasnt until 2001 that Egemo, now 37, found a doctor who could tell her what her problem was and how to treat it. Egemos condition is
29、called sleep-related eating disorder (SRFD), and its one of two night eating problems that doctors are just beginning to take seriously. The other is night eating syndrome (NES), in which patients wake multiple times during the night and are unable to fall asleep again unless they eat something. Alt
30、hough the two differ in some important ways most notably, whether the person is conscious or not they share many similarities. Both are hybrids of sleep and eating disorders. And both take over the lives of patients, destroying good nutrition, instilling deep shame and often causing depression and w
31、eight gain. According to psychiatrist John Winkelman of Harvard Medical School, the two conditions may affect 1 percent of the population nearly 3 million Americans. “People who suffer from this think theyre alone,“ says Dr. Albert Stunkard of the University of Pennsylvania Weight and Eating Disorde
32、rs Program, who identified both NES and binge eating in the 1950s. “They need to know that its a real disorder and there are treatments.“ With psychologist Kelly Allison, Stunkard has written a book called “Overcoming Night Eating Syndrome,“ due out in early May. The consequences of night eating dis
33、orders are profound. In addition to sabotaging good-quality sleep, both conditions can seriously undermine attempts to maintain a well-balanced diet. People with SRED occasionally try to eat such bizarre concoctions as buttered cigarettes or smoothies of egg shells, coffee grounds and soda. But the
34、real problem is that in the middle of the night, no one gets up and fixes healthful salads, fish or vegetables. Instead, people reach for food thats ready to eat most often, junk food. “It sets up a vicious cycle, where they feel bloated so they dont want to eat during the day,“ says Dr. Carlos Sche
35、nck of the Minnesota Regional Sleep Disorders Center, who identified SRED in 1993. Not surprisingly, night eating often contributes to weight gain. Stunkard has found NES in 6 to 7 percent of people in weight-loss programs and up to 28 percent of those seeking gastric -bypass surgery. Frustrated pat
36、ients say their behavior seems totally beyond their control. “I wasnt even hungry,“ says pediatrician Edward Rosof, 58, of Cherry Hill, N.J., who suffered from NES for 35 years. “It was a craving, like being an alcoholic. Every night I promised myself it was the last time.“ But even when he tried to
37、 resist the impulse, hed lose the battle after 10 or 15 minutes because he feared that he wouldnt get back to sleep. Other desperate patients have asked spouses to put locks on the refrigerator or even lock the bedroom door at night. At last, new treatments are helping them unlock those doors. In a
38、pilot study, Stunkard and psychiatrist John OReardon have discovered that the antidepressant Zoloft may help NES patients like Rosof, whos dropped 40 pounds since he started taking it a year ago. And Schneck and Winkelman have found two drug cocktails that appear to help 70 percent of SRED patients.
39、 Within two weeks of starting one of them, Shelly Egemo was feeling better. Her good humor is back. Best of all, Shellys Snack Shop is out of business. 6 “Rambles“ in the first paragraph is closest in meaning to _. （ A） eating habits （ B） sleepwalk （ C） dreams （ D） hunger 7 Which of the following is
40、 NOT true according to the passage? （ A） Shelly owned a snack shop. （ B） Shelly was a sleep walker. （ C） Shelly suffered from SRED （ D） Shelly is recovering now. 8 Whats the biggest difference between SRED and NES? （ A） The patients cant fall asleep without eating anything. （ B） NES patients are con
41、scious when they are suffering from NES while SRED patients are not. （ C） The patients suffer from both sleep and eating disorders. （ D） Both may have similar harmful consequences. 9 The following are the consequences of night eating disorders with the exception of _. （ A） The patients cannot have a
42、 good-quality sleep. （ B） The patients cannot have a well-balanced diet. （ C） The patients are putting on weight. （ D） The patients habits annoy their families. 10 Which of the following concerning SRED and NES is NOT true according to the passage? （ A） Both are psychologically related. （ B） They ha
43、ve the same cause but different symptoms. （ C） New treatments are offering hope for the diseases. （ D） Patients of the diseases are suffering from depression. 专业英语八级（阅读）练习试卷 33答案与解析 【知识模块】 阅读 1 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 由第一段和第二段可知，伦敦地铁袭击事件发生的主要原因是伊斯兰移民与欧洲主流社会的紧张关系，故选项 C为正确答案。 【知识模块】 阅读 2 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 由第一段可
44、知，伦敦地铁袭击事件带来的积极结果就是迫使欧洲人思考穆斯林移民问题，也就是关注穆斯林民族 (D)。虽然政府可以提议新的法律停止伊斯兰移民，但这也不现实，因为欧洲国家需要大量移民，所以选项 A不对。选项 B和 C看似都有道理，但文章并未提及。故 D为正确答案。 【知识模块】 阅读 3 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 由第二段可知，穆斯林在欧洲的境况表现为，宗教信仰被人蔑视(A)，在文化、历史和宗教等方面与欧洲主流社会疏远 (C)，妇女独立的思想会对他们未来的家庭产生影响 (D)，文章并未提及他们是否满足于经济的成功，所以选项B与原文不符，故为正确答案。 【知识模块】 阅读 4 【正确答案】 D
45、【试题解析】 文章第五段和第六段提到了解决欧洲穆斯林问题的办法，选项 A、B和 C都被提及，故排除；因为 D没有提及，所以应为正确答案。 【知识模块】 阅读 5 【正确答案】 B 【试题解 析】 第七段和第八段谈到了欧洲的多元文化问题。作者认为，目前欧洲面临的挑战就是预防多元文化变成一场战争，也就是说，多元文化有可能发展成一场战争 (A)；荷兰的多元文化已经失败，伊斯兰移民不可能成为自由主义者，所以选项 B与原文不符，应为正确答案；多元文化应保留群体的身份 (C)；欧洲的多元文化已无法持续下去 (D)。 【知识模块】 阅读 【知识模块】 阅读 6 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 该词出现的前一
46、句说 Shelly的夜游症又复发了，紧接着出现了 “her nightly rambles took her to the kitchen for cookies, candies and potato chips”，说明rambles是 sleepwalk的意思，所以推断选项 B为正确答案。 【知识模块】 阅读 7 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 本题考察对第一段的理解，选项 B、 C和 D文章中都提到过，故排除。选项 A与原文不符， Shelly并没有开零食店，所谓零食店是指 Shelly放食物的床边。故 A为正确答案。 【知识模块】 阅读 8 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 本 题考察对第二段的理解。 SRED和 NES最大的区别是 NES患者晚上吃东西时处于清醒状态，而 SRED患者则处于睡眠状态。故选项 B为正确答案。 【知识模块】 阅读 9 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 本题考察对第三段的理解。该段提到夜食紊乱症的三个后果，即破坏饮食和睡眠，体重增加，故排除选项 A、 B和 C，选项 D没有提及，故为正确答案。 【知识模块】 阅读 10 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 本题考察对两种疾病的了解情况。选项 A、 C和 D都提到过，选项B与原文不符，原文强调，除了不同之 处以外，还有许多相似之处，故 B为正确答案。 【知识模块】 阅读
