1、专业英语八级（阅读）练习试卷 3及答案与解析 0 For Cressida it was spiritually like some pagan vegetation rite of regeneration and renewal. In the sunburnt pepper-and-salt of Provencal landscape, in the sunny blue light of the Mediterranean, amid rocks and olives, in the carefree, slower, winy, singing zest of the Latin
2、south, she seemed reborn; she responded to it all like a string plucked on an instrument. She was still beautiful, more beautiful in her late twenties than ever she had been, but repolished now by recapturing of the earlier joy and vivacity. Yet when the time came to turn north again she always went
3、 ungrudgingly, drawn now by a hunger and anxiety for her children, who during these holidays stayed at a pleasant farm school in Hertfordshire, because, as she would say, “They must be getting sick to death of the food up there; I know the poor“ things loathe the fish they get. “ For Meredith these
4、European vacations were essential in a different way for tonic and therapeutic rather than for spiritual values. By the end of a second year in London the strain of attempting to do two demanding and highly concentrated jobs was beginning seriously to tell on him, he was being mauled also by the div
5、ision in his interests. He had by this time had two novels published by a Bloomsbury firm highly distinguished in the mare rarefied levels of poetry., belles-lettres, drama, criticism, free arts, and scholarship, but just feeling its way, not entirely successfully, into the world of fiction with mor
6、e hurly-burly. So that while Meredith could raise eyebrows (being Australian) at literary cocktail parties by saying who his publishers were, his advances on royalties were very small and his sales so inconsiderable as never to justify expectation of any further sum beyond the initial royalty paymen
7、t. On the other hand, both books, possibly because of the publishers imprint, had received passing commendation of a sort in a number of the better literary columns. While far from being hailed as a “discovery“ there were little measures of praise for some aspects of his writing and two critics even
8、 saw indications of “some considerable promise“, this apprehension, of course, being substantially qualified by what the critics then went on to say. Meredith, none the less, was immensely encouraged, and feverishly went to work on his “big“ novel, a very ambitious historical reconstruction of the p
9、assing of the Ming Dynasty. Writing this in spare hours at night after the pressures of a full days newspaper work, he pushed himself very close to a breakdown he was also drinking pretty heavily as a stimulant between the two tasks mad Cressida forced him finally to consult Carl Kronfeld, her docto
10、r, who obligingly prescribed drugs for three weeks to enable Meredith to complete the novel, but was impelled to utter a warning. 1 Though Cressida enjoyed the vacations completely, （ A） she decided to return earlier and go to work. （ B） she wanted to stay with Meredith. （ C） she was eager to return
11、 home and look after her children. （ D） she was eager to go back because her children liked fish. 2 The publication of Merediths two novels （ A） was very widely accepted. （ B） was greatly appreciated. （ C） made him proud of himself. （ D） was due to his advances on royalties. 3 What dose the word “hu
12、rly-burly“ mean? （ A） Tumult. （ B） Imagination. （ C） Unease. （ D） Space. 4 The passage suggests that Merediths formal profession was probably （ A） a writer. （ B） a journalist. （ C） a doctor. （ D） a publisher. 5 The passage is most probably found in （ A） a biography. （ B） a literary review. （ C） a li
13、terary column. （ D） a historical narration. 5 I recently took care of a 50-year-old man who had been admitted to the hospital, short of breath. During his month-long stay he was seen by a hematologist, an endocrinologist, a kidney specialist, a podiatrist, two cardiologists, a cardiac electrophysiol
14、ogist, an infectious-diseases specialist, a pulmonologist, an ear-nose-throat specialist, a urologist, a gastroenterologist, a neurologist, a nutritionist, a general surgeon, a thoracic surgeon and a pain specialist. He underwent 12 procedures, including cardiac catheterization, a pacemaker implant
15、and a bone-marrow biopsy (to work-up chronic anemia). Despite this wearying schedule, he maintained an upbeat manner, walking the corridors daily with assistance to chat with nurses and physician assistants. When he was discharged, follow-up visits were scheduled for him with seven specialists. This
16、 mans case, in which expert consultations sprouted with little rhyme, reason or coordination, reinforced a lesson I have learned many times since entering practice, in our health care system, where doctors are paid piecework for their services, if you have a slew of physicians and a willing patient,
17、 almost any sort of terrible excess can occur. Though accurate data is lacking, the overuse of services in health care probably cost hundreds of billions of dollars last year, out of the more than $2 trillion that Americans spent on health. Are we getting our moneys worth? Not according to the usual
18、 measures of public health. The United States ranks 45th in life expectancy, behind Bosnia and Jordan; near last, compared with other developed countries, in infant mortality; and in last place, according to the Commonwealth Fund, a healthcare research group, among major industrialized countries in
19、healthcare quality, access and efficiency. And in the United States, regions that spend the most on healthcare appear to have higher mortality rates than regions that spend the least, perhaps because of increased hospitalization rates that result in more life-threatening errors and infections. It ha
20、s been estimated that if the entire country spent the same as the lowest spending regions, the Medicare program alone could save about $40 billion a year. Overutilization is driven by many factors “ defensive“ medicine by doctors trying to avoid lawsuits; patients demands; a pervading belief among d
21、octors and patients that newer, more expensive technology is better. The most important factor, however, may be the perverse financial incentives of our current system. Overconsultation and overtesting have now become facts of the medical profession. The culture in practice is to grab patients and g
22、enerate volume. “Medicine has become like everything else,“ a doctor told me recently. “Everything moves because of money. “ Consider medical imaging. According to a federal commission, from 1999 to 2004 the growth in the volume of imaging services per Medicare patient far outstripped the growth of
23、all other physician services. In 2004, the cost of imaging services was close to $100 billion, or an average of roughly $350 per person in the United States. Not long ago, I visited a friend a cardiologist in his late 30s at his office on Long Island to ask him about imaging in private practices. “W
24、hen I started in practice, I wanted to do the right thing,“ he told me matter-of-factly. “A young woman would come in with palpitations. Id tell her she was fine. But then I realized that shed just go down the street to another physician and shed order all the tests anyway: echocardiogram, stress te
25、st, Holter monitor stuff she didnt really need. Then shed go around and tell her friends what a great doctor a thorough doctor the other cardiologist was. “I tried to practice ethical medicine, but it didnt help. It didnt pay, both from a financial and a reputation standpoint. “ Last year, Congress
26、approved steep reductions in Medicare payments for certain imaging services. Deeper cuts will almost certainly be forthcoming. This is good; unnecessary imaging is almost certainly taking place, leading to falsepositive results, unnecessary invasive procedures, more complications and so on. But the
27、problem in medicine today is much larger than imaging. Doctors are doing too much testing and too many procedures, often for the sake of business. And patients, unfortunately, are paying the price. “The hospital is a great place to be when you are sick,“ a hospital executive told me recently. “But I
28、 dont want my mother in here five minutes longer than she needs to be. “ 6 Whats the main idea of the first three paragrahs? （ A） There are a lot of excessive services in American hospitals. （ B） Doctors are over-loaded in American hospitals. （ C） American hospitals are suffering great loss because
29、of poor health conditions. （ D） The healthcare service in the American hospitals is systematic and patient-oriented. 7 The word “imaging“ in the eleventh paragraph means （ A） a picture that you have in your mind, especially about what someone or something is like or the way they look. （ B） a technic
30、al process in which pictures of the inside of someones body are produced. （ C） the process of making a scientific or computer model of something to show how it works or to understand it better. （ D） the opinion people have of a person, organization, product etc. 8 The tone of the article towards the
31、 American healthcare system is （ A） joking. （ B） suggestive. （ C） objective. （ D） humourous. 9 The causes of the overuse of medical examinations are all of the following EXCEPT that （ A） patients ask doctors to do more tests than necessary. （ B） doctors want to make more money by using newer and mor
32、e expensive technology. （ C） doctors try to avoid being sued by their colleagues. （ D） doctors want to prove to their patients they are competent. 10 According to the author, which statement is NOT true? （ A） The United States has one of the least efficient health-care system in the world. （ B） My f
33、riend had to overtest his patients more because he needs to earn more profit from the tests and to gain a good reputation. （ C） It seems that in different regions of the U. S. the number of death is in proportion to the health-care expenditure. （ D） Patients are the actual victims of the over-testin
34、g and over-procedures. 专业英语八级（阅读）练习试卷 3答案与解析 【知识模块】 阅读 1 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 细节题。第一段首先叙述了 Cressida对这次度假感觉像是一次重生，接着话锋一转，谈到应该 回去的时候她就为待在学校的孩子感到担心，可知虽然在这里假期很好，但是考虑到待在条 件很差的学校里的孩子，她又急于回家照顾他们，故 C符合文意。 【知识模块】 阅读 2 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 推断题。第二段第四句提到 Meredith在文学酒会上可以抬高眉毛(表示自豪 )说出自己的出 版商，这家公司在文学出版领域很有名望，可以看出他对自己发表的两部小
35、说十分自豪，故答 案为 C。销量有限，可 知没有被广泛接受，故排除 A；版税是出版的结果，但不是出版原 因，故排除 D；第七句谈到“there were little measures of praise for some aspects of his writing”，可见他的作品没有得到多少称赞，故排除 B。 【知识模块】 阅读 3 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 语义题。第二段第三句指出这次他有两部小说由 Bloomsbury公司出版，这家公司在纯诗歌、纯文学、评论、自由艺术的世界里显得与众不同，但是正在摸索自己的道路 ，虽然不是完全成功，但已经进入了有着更多 hurly-burly的小
36、说世界，可见此处 “hurly-hurly”含义为 “喧嚣 ”，故答案为 A。 【知识模块】 阅读 4 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 推断题。第二段前面部分介绍了 Meredith小说发表的情况，末句提到 “after the pressures of a full days newspaper work”，可以判断出他的正式工作可能是报社里的新闻记者，故答案为 B。 【知识模块】 阅读 5 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 体裁题。本文主要介绍了两个人度假的不同感受，并对人物内心进行了描写，有一定的文学性，但并没有评论什么，故答案为 C，同时排除 B；A、 D明显与文章体裁不符。 【知识模块
37、】 阅读 【知识模块】 阅读 6 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 主旨题。前三段英文议论文中用 anecdote(轶事 )开篇旨在引出作者真正的论点。论点在第四段中得到了阐述，即 In our health care systemalmost any sort of terrible excess can occur. excess对应选项中的 excessive。在第五段，“overuse”一词的使用，也对应了 excessive,故答案为 A。 B中提到的医生负担过重在文中没有提及，只是在第三段里，提到了医生们是按劳汁酬的，有一定的迷惑性，故排除 B； C的内容前三段根本没用提及，故排除；
38、 D对美国的医疗系统赞誉有加，似乎是来自第四段的 if you have a slew of physicians and a willing patient， almost any sort of terrible excess can occur但是从 “terrible excess”可以看出，作者并非在夸赞美国的医疗系统完善、对病人照顾周到，而是在阐述可能出现的过度医疗，故排除 D。 【知识模块】 阅读 7 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 语义题。 medical imaging很明显是医学检验手段的一种，意思为“医学影像 ”，故 B为答案。 A和 D是 image的英文释义，而非医学
39、上的imaging，故排除； C是 modelling的释义，与上下文意思不符，故排除。 【知识模块】 阅读 8 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 态度题。作者使用了大量的数据和事例来说明美国医疗中过多的检验和服务，因此是客观的， C为答案，而不是有很多暗示 suggestive，排除 B；并且用问比较正式，不是轻松幽默的语气，因此 joking和 humourous都是错误的，故排除 A和 D。 【知识模块】 阅读 9 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 细节题。第八段指出，医生给病人开过多的药是为了避免被起诉，这里是害怕被病人起诉，而不是被同事起诉，如果 读文章认真的话，应该不难选出。从第八段里
40、 patients demands可以知道，病人会主动要求增加检验，故排除A。从倒数第二段最后两句话可以看出， B“医生会为了赚钱而对病人进行不必要的检验 ”也是致使过度医疗的原因，排除；在第十三段中，作者的医生朋友说，他意识到，如果自己不按病人的要求进行很多的检查，病人会去找别的医生，会夸赞自己的竞争者有多么棒。第十四段中，他的朋友还说这个不光是钱的问题，还关系到 名声的问题 (both from a financial and a reputation standpoint)，为了证明自己是称职的医生，也会选择过度医疗检查，故排除 D。 【知识模块】 阅读 10 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 细节题。根据第六段，公共财产基金会的调查显示，美国医疗的质量、途径和效率在主要工业化国家中是最差的，可以看出，美国医疗制度效率的低下是与工业化国家比较而言的，而并非跟所有国家进行对比，故答案为 A。根据作者的朋友所说 “我曾经努力按道德行医，但那没用。它不会给我回报，无论是在金钱上，还是在名誉上。 ”故排除 B；根据第七段，用于医疗保健的花销最多的地区 其死亡率好像比花费最少的地区更高，所以花销与死亡率成正比，故排除C；倒数第二段指出， “可悲的是，这些费用和后果都是由病人来承担。 ”故排除D。 【知识模块】 阅读
