1、专业英语八级（阅读）练习试卷 6及答案与解析 0 It is all very well to blame traffic congestion, the cost of petrol and the hectic pace of modern life, but manners on the roads are becoming deplorable. Everybody knows that the nicest men become monsters behind the wheel. It is all very well, again, to have a tiger in the
2、tank, but to have one in the drivers seat is another kettle of fish altogether. You might tolerate the old road hog, but nowadays the well-mannered motorist is the exception to the rule. Perhaps the situation calls for a “Be Kind to Other Drivers“ campaign, otherwise it may get completely out of han
3、d. Road courtesy is not only good manners, but good sense too. It takes the most level-headed and goodtempered drivers to resist the temptation to retaliate when subjected to uncivilized behavior. On the other hand, a little courtesy goes a long way towards relieving the tensions and frustrations of
4、 motoring. A friendly nod or a wave of acknowledgement in response to an act of courtesy helps to create an atmosphere of good will and tolerance so necessary in modern traffic conditions. But such acknowledgements of courtesy are all too rare today. Many drivers nowadays dont even seem able to reco
5、gnize courtesy when they see it. Contrary to general opinion, young drivers (especially sportscar owners, who take pride in their driving) have better manners than their seniors. But this attitude is short-lived in the world of modern driving where many drivers neither expect nor give any quarter. T
6、his may be a commendable trait on the battlefield but is out place on the roads. Lorry drivers say they have almost abandoned the practice of signalling cars to overtake when the road is clear, because many of the cars took too long to pass. Their drivers couldnt be bothered to select a lower gear.
7、Others, after overtaking, slowed down again and hogged the road. Again, a motoring magazine has recently drawn attention to the increasing number of drivers who never wait for gaps. “They manufacture them by force, using their direction indicators as a threat rather than a warning. “ Slanging matche
8、s and even punch-ups are quite common. It cant be long before we hear of pistols and knives being used: we can then call our dual carriageways and solve a spelling problem in the process. Driving is essentially a state of mind. However technically skilled a driver may be, he cant be an advanced moto
9、rist if he is always arrogant and aggressive. Ironically, misplaced courtesy can also be dangerous and selfish. Typical examples are the driver who brakes violently to allow a lone ear to emerge from a side street at some hazard to following traffic, when a few seconds later the road would be clear
10、anyway; or the man who waves a child across a pedestrian crossing into the path of oncoming vehicles that may be unable to stop in time. The same goes for encouraging old ladies to cross the road wherever and whenever they care to. It always amazes me that the highways are not littered with the corp
11、ses of these grannies. A veteran driver, whose manners are Impeccable, told me it would help if motorists learnt to filter correctly into traffic streams one at a time without causing the total blockages that provoke bad temper and frustration. Unfortunately, modern motorists can even learn to drive
12、, let alone master the subtler aspects of car manoeuvring and roadsmanship. Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot of more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time for all of us to take this message to heart. 1 Discourtesy on the roads is caused
13、 primarily by （ A） too many vehicles on the roads. （ B） the way people have to rush around nowadays. （ C） the aggressiveness of most drivers. （ D） too many pedestrians walking about. 2 Road courtesy is good sense in that （ A） it minimizes friction for drivers. （ B） most drivers never make acknowledg
14、ements. （ C） it cuts down the number of drivers. （ D） most drivers will hit you if offended. 3 The only trouble with young drivers is that （ A） they tend to own sports ear. （ B） they are too proud of their ears. （ C） they soon become like the older ones. （ D） they think they are on the battlefield.
15、4 A common example of bad manners on the roads is （ A） not signaling when overtaking. （ B） following no traffic lights. （ C） preventing other vehicles from overtaking. （ D） making holes in the roads on purpose. 5 According to the passage, the misplaced courtesy is （ A） encouraging other drivers to k
16、nock down old ladies. （ B） making way for other ears without warning those behind. （ C） stopping at pedestrian crossings. （ D） turning up side streets without giving signals. 5 The necessary urban development of our cities must be compatible with the conservation of the Cultural and Historical Patri
17、mony. This is particularly true in the ease of those cities, numerous, in the Iberian Peninsula and Europe, that are the result of a long historical tradition, often uninterrupted during almost two thousand years. The preservation of the Archaeological Patrimony in these cities, however, comes up ag
18、ainst conflicts difficult to resolve, with very differing and opposed positions: the demand and the price of the ground, the harmonious development of the city, the presence of infrastructures and services, the aspiration of the citizens to worthy housing, the business projects of the promoters or t
19、he working plans of the constructors. The common resource established to solve these conflicts is Urban Planning. Archaeology must take part actively in the elaboration of this planning, and use its abilities positively to prevent archaeological problems and look for an acceptable solution from the
20、point of view of the protection of the Archaeological Patrimony with regard to urban development. Lamentably, archaeology frequently ignores the possibilities of this course of action and does not have the resources necessary to use the urban standard and the planning figures as other methodological
21、 instruments (alongside those traditionally used in Archaeology) to solve the archaeological impact of urban development. Given that the planning figures are the most efficient way of regulating the ground plan and classify and organize the territory, they are also a useful instrument for organizing
22、 an action of the urban Archaeological Patrimony, to prevent its destruction, and, even, to give a value to these types of resources. To achieve this it is necessary to characterize, define and outline the spaces with Archaeological Patrimony within the plan. This outlining must extend from the elem
23、ent under protection towards its surroundings, and must seek the conservation of that space, as well as guarantee the control of the agents or activities that may act negatively upon them. The adequate organization of these spaces needs not only to apply the existing ground legislation, but also dev
24、elop in each particular case (whether a city or a superior organizing community) a defined regulation. This regulation, adapted to the specification of the elements and surroundings to be protected, provides an adequate organization of the spaces that, due to their own historical values and potentia
25、l social function, thus require it. To achieve this it will be necessary to not only limit their use, but also to establish solutions for their management and, even, for their socio-cultural use. This study is illustrated with examples and experiences derived from Galician cities, each of which pres
26、ents a particular problem: Santiago de Compostela (a mediaeval city, now Patrimony of Humanity) , Lugo (built on the remains of the most important Roman city of Galicia) , and Corona and Vigo (cities with roman-mediaeval antecedents and recent development which today have a very strong urban dynamic
27、). However, instead of carrying out a mere case study based on particular examples, an effort is made to evaluate the Spanish context to help to contribute to making a general diagnosis of the problem and to define the basic conditions that from the authors point of view should comply with the previ
28、ously mentioned specific regulations. 6 The word “patrimony“ in the first sentence of the passage probably means （ A） heritage. （ B） site. （ C） significance. （ D） spot. 7 It can be inferred that those who emphasize the demand and the price of the ground believe that （ A） priority should be given to
29、the preservation of Cultural and Historical Patrimony. （ B） too much attention should not be given to preserving historical sites in urban areas. （ C） the urban development plans should be compatible with conservation of historical sites. （ D） the preservation of historical sites should be integrate
30、d into the urban development plans. 8 The author regrets to see that （ A） many historical sites are cleared for urban development. （ B） the impact of urban development has always Been negative. （ C） archaeologists fail to play an active part in urban planning. （ D） no standard and planning figures a
31、re used in urban planning. 9 To better protect the Archaeological Patrimony, the author proposes that （ A） each site be classified into a category and a plan be made for its protection. （ B） measures be taken to control possible negative agents and activities. （ C） new regulation be made in accordan
32、ce with urban development plans. （ D） specific regulation be made to protect each site and its surroundings. 10 This passage is （ A） a survey of a research project. （ B） an abstract of a paper. （ C） an archaeological report. （ D） a proposal to the government. 专业英语八级（阅读）练习试卷 6答案与解析 【知识模块】 阅读 1 【正确答案】
33、 C 【试题解析】 细节题。首段首句指出 “but manners on the roads are becoming deplorable.”第二段第二句指出 “to resist the temptation to retaliate when subjected to uncivilized behavior.”可见不文明驾驶是由于大多数司机不文明的或是挑衅的行为引起的，故选 C。 A“路上过多的车辆 ”在文中不是主要原因； B“如今人们不得不闯的方式 ”也不是主要原因； D“很多行人乱走 ”文中没提及。 【知识模块】 阅读 2 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 细节题。第二段的 “a l
34、ittle courtesy goes a long way towards relieving the tensions and frustrations of motoring”，其意为 “一点点的礼貌就将极大地缓和驾驶的紧张和受挫感 ”，它与 A“它可以减小司机的摩擦 ”相符。 B、C、 D不合文意。 【知识模块】 阅读 3 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 细节题。根据 “young drivers”定位至第三段，指出 “But this attitude is short-lived in the world of modern driving where many drivers n
35、either expect nor give any quarter”，意思是说 “但是这种态度在一个驾驶者们不期望也不会给予宽容的现代驾驶世界里是不会长久的 ”，换句话说，年轻的司机很快便跟老司机一样不讲礼貌了，故选 C。 【知识模块】 阅读 4 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 细节题。首先排除 B、 D，文中没有这样的表述； A与文意不符；根据第四段， “after overtaking ， slowed down again and hogged the road”，所以选 C。 【知识模块】 阅读 5 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 细节题。根据第五段的 “Typical exampl
36、es are the driver who brakes violently to allow a lone ear to emerge from a side street at some hazard to following traffic”可知 B符合文意，即 “不警告后面的车就为别的车让道 ”。 C、D文中未提； A中 “encourage other drivers”与文中的 “encourage old ladies”不符。 【知识模块】 阅读 【知识模块】 阅读 6 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 语义题。根据首句的逻辑关系， “城市发展必须与文化和历史patrimony的保护
37、相协调 ”和后面的 “that are the result of a long historical tradition， often uninterrupted during almost two thousand years”可知“patrimony”应该是 “遗产 ”的意思，因此 A为答案。 Bsite“位置，现场 ”、 C”意义 ”、 D“场所 ”都不合题意。 【知识模块】 阅读 7 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 推断题。根据第一段最后一句可知强调土地需求和土地价格的人与支持古文化遗产保护的人的立场相对， A、 C、 D都是保护者的意见， B为答案。 【知识模块】 阅读 8 【正确
38、答案】 C 【试题解析】 细节题。第二段最后一句指出 “Lamentably， archaeology frequently ignores the possibilities of this course of action and does not have the resources necessary to use the urban standard and the planning figuresto solve the archaeological impact of urban development. ”因此可知作者为考古学家没能积极参与市区规划而感到遗憾。其中 “lamen
39、tably(哀叹地，可惜地 )”与 regret为同义转述，故 C为答案。 【知识模块】 阅读 9 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 推断题。分析题干可知，此题强调为了更好地 (better)保护文物遗产，因此应采取一些特别的措施。根据文章第三段中第四句 “The adequate organization of these spaces needs not only to apply the existing ground legislation but also develop in each particular case(whether a city or a superior orga
40、nizing community)a defined regulation. ”可知作者强调的是个例中的具体规定，因此可知 D为答案。 【知识模块】 阅读 10 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 体裁题。根据最后一段首句 “This study is illustrated with examples and experiences derived from Galician cities” 的 “This study(研究 )”判断该短文应该是一项研究项目的调查，因此 A为答案。而 B“一篇论文的摘要 ”， C“一篇考古报告 ”和 D“一项对政府的提议 ”显然与文意不符。 【知识模块】 阅读
