1、专业英语四级模拟试卷 272及答案与解析 一、 PART III CLOZE (15 MIN) Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. Decide which of the choices given below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blanks. 0 Who needs a publisher? Bob Young, CEO of print-on-demand service L, says that t
2、he publishing and【 1】 of books online will not be the old book industry on a new【 2】 . It will be a new industry,【 3】 not on bestsellers but on niche【 4】 . Maybe Grisham isnt a Lulu customer【 5】 , but writer John Edgar Wideman is. Widemans latest【 6】 of short stories, Briefs, came out from Lulu this
3、 spring. In a traditional paperback publishing【 7】 , the author keeps a mere 8 to 9 percent of【 8】 . Under most self-publishing agreements, authors keep 70 to 80 percent of their profits,【 9】 the remaining cut going to their distributor. “Itsa(n)【 10】 playing field for the first time,“ says J. A. Ko
4、nrath, a thriller author who plans to【 11】 all his future novels as self-published Kindle books. “The【 12】 have become who they should have been【 13】 : the readers. “ Konrath began self-publishing e-books in April 2009. He quickly realized that by【 14】 the middleman, he was making as much money on a
5、 single $ 2. 99 e-book【 15】he would on a $ 25 hardcover. “I started to be able to pay my【 16】 on e-book money, then pay my bills on e-book money,“ Konrath says. Konrath【 17】 his strong sales on Amazon to user-generated【 18】 and reviews on message boards,【 19】 to the low price of his e-books. “Three
6、dollars is a cup of coffee,“ Konrath says. “Wouldnt you rather have eight hours of【 20】 from a book?“ （ A） distributing （ B） contributing （ C） allotting （ D） marketing （ A） fashion （ B） philosophy （ C） platform （ D） settlement （ A） dependent （ B） determined （ C） depicted （ D） deprived （ A） circulati
7、ons （ B） issues （ C） publications （ D） shipments （ A） now （ B） nowadays （ C） still （ D） yet （ A） bestseller （ B） collection （ C） novel （ D） version （ A） bargain （ B） deal （ C） convention （ D） promise （ A） deposits （ B） interests （ C） royalties （ D） taxes （ A） and （ B） with （ C） but （ D） among （ A） a
8、ttractive （ B） even （ C） promising （ D） potential （ A） punish （ B） relay （ C） release （ D） reveal （ A） gatekeepers （ B） purchasers （ C） counterparts （ D） landlords （ A） in the first place （ B） after all （ C） eventually （ D） all in all （ A） cutting out （ B） disposing of （ C） disconnecting （ D） elimin
9、ating （ A） and （ B） as （ C） for （ D） than （ A） bills （ B） cheque （ C） expenses （ D） mortgage （ A） attributes （ B） contributes （ C） distributes （ D） stipulates （ A） credits （ B） ranks （ C） ratings （ D） ratios （ A） as well as （ B） in addition to （ C） despite （ D） except （ A） entertainment （ B） excitem
10、ent （ C） harvest （ D） leisure 二、 PART IV GRAMMAR she_ 19 next year. （ A） will be （ B） is to be （ C） is going to be （ D） should be 32 Awoman has ,to be_a man to go half as far. （ A） twice as good as （ B） as twice good as （ C） twice good as （ D） twice so good as 33 They have produced_. （ A） 10 more pi
11、anos this month than last month （ B） 10 pianos more this month than last month （ C） 10 pianos this month as many as last month （ D） 10 as many pianos this month as last month 34 I _ him the Christmas gift by mail because he came home during the Christmas holidays. （ A） ought to have sent （ B） couldn
12、t have sent （ C） must have sent （ D） neednt have sent 35 The desegregation was achieved through a number of struggles, _had been mentioned in the previous chapters. （ A） a few of which （ B） a few of them （ C） a few of those （ D） a few of that 36 The girl chose some very pretty_paper for the present.
13、 （ A） covering （ B） wrapping （ C） packing （ D） collecting 37 The two scholars worked at the task of writing a preface to the new dictionary for three hours _last night. （ A） at length （ B） in full （ C） on end （ D） in time 38 We hadnt expected a power cut so we were astonished when the whole house wa
14、s_into darkness. （ A） dived （ B） plunged （ C） drowned （ D） dropped 39 Despite the wide range of reading material specially written or_for language learning purposes, there is yet no comprehensive systematic program for the reading skills. （ A） appointed （ B） assembled （ C） acknowledged （ D） adapted
15、40 They have considered their high standard of living a(n) _ for practising their basic beliefs. （ A） award （ B） reward （ C） result （ D） consequence 41 Adictionary of the English language, _ by Dr. Samuel Johnson, was the first real attempt as a systematic written survey of English usage. （ A） compi
16、led （ B） composed （ C） concocted （ D） collected 42 The volunteer firefighters valiantly tried to put out the_forest fire. （ A） raging （ B） rippling （ C） rolling （ D） roaring 43 I cant read the marks and notes Jim made in the margin. They are too_. （ A） faint （ B） foggy （ C） transparent （ D） misty 44
17、 Ahighly organized system of irrigation is_Chinese agriculture. （ A） typical of （ B） consistent with （ C） famous for （ D） subject to 45 The Brownings have not_yet and I doubt whether they will come. （ A） turned in （ B） turned out （ C） turned up （ D） turned to 46 We went on a(n)_to the mountain yeste
18、rday. （ A） excursion （ B） trip （ C） tour （ D） travel 47 To what extent will future scientific discoveries make possible the_of the human life span? （ A） increase （ B） expansion （ C） growth （ D） prolongation 48 She was at the_ of her career when she was badly injured in the car accident. （ A） bloom （
19、 B） peak （ C） excess （ D） extreme 49 The audience waited in_silence while their aged speaker searched among his note for the figures he could not remember. （ A） respective （ B） respect （ C） respectful （ D） respectable 50 The disappearance of her paper has never been_. （ A） counted for （ B） looked up
20、 （ C） accounted for （ D） checked up 50 “Mirror worlds“ is only one of David Gelernters big ideas. Another is “lifestreams“ in essence, vast electronic diaries. “Every document you create and every document other people send you are stored in your lifestream,“ he wrote in the mid-1990s together with
21、Eric Freeman, who produced a doctoral thesis on the topic. Putting electronic documents in chronological order, they said, would make it easier for people to manage all their digital output and experiences. Lifestreams have not yet replaced the desktop on personal computers, as Mr. Gelernter had hop
22、ed. Indeed, a software start-up to implement the idea folded in 2004. But today something quite similar can be found all over the web in many different forms. Blogs are essentially electronic diaries. Personal newsfeeds are at the heart of Facebook and other social networks. A torrent of short text
23、messages appears on Twitter. Certain individuals are going even further than Mr. Gelernter expected. Some are digitising their entire offices, including pictures, bills and correspondence. Others record their whole life. Gordon Bell, a researcher at Microsoft, puts everything he has accumulated, wri
24、tten, photographed and presented in his “local cyberspace“. Yet others “log“ every aspect of their lives with wearable cameras. The latest trend is “life-tracking“. Practitioners keep meticulous digital records of things they do: how much coffee they drink, how much work they do each day, what books
25、 they are reading, and so on. Much of this is done manually by putting the data into a PC or, increasingly, a smartphone. But people are also using sensors, mainly to keep track of their vital, signs, for instance to see how well they sleep or how fast they run. The first self-trackers were mostly l
26、iber-geeks fascinated by numbers. But the more recent converts simply want to learn more about themselves, says Gary Wolf, a technology writer and co-founder of a blog called “The Quantified Self“. They want to use technology to help them identify factors that make them depressed, keep them from sle
27、eping or affect their cognitive performance. One self-tracker learned, for instance, that eating a lot of butter allowed him to solve arithmetic problems faster. A market for self-tracking devices is already emerging. Fitbit and Greengoose, two start-ups, are selling wireless accelerometers that can
28、 track a users physical activity. Zeo, another start-up, has developed an alarm clock that comes with a headband to measure peoples brainwave activity at night and chart their sleep on the web. As people create more such self-tracking data, firms will start to mine them and offer services based on t
29、he result. Xobni, for example, analyses peoples inboxes (“xobni“ spelled backwards) to help them manage their e-mail and contacts. It lists them according to the intensity of the electronic relationship rather than in alphabetical order. Users are sometimes surprised by the results, says Jeff Bonfor
30、te, the firms boss: “They think its creepy when we list other people before their girlfriend or wife. “ 51 According to the passage, “lifestream“ are_. （ A） documents about an individual daily life （ B） software storing electronic diaries （ C） streams in ones life （ D） a great idea about putting ele
31、ctronic documents in time order 52 Which of the following statements is INCORRECT about “lifestream“? （ A） It is a big idea of David Gelernter. （ B） It can substitute the desktop on personal computers. （ C） It is not the only one that can record our life over the web. （ D） Its expected to store pict
32、ure and bills as well. 53 People can use self-tracking to_. （ A） count out the quantity of coffee they drink a day （ B） help them run faster （ C） help them or learn about themselves （ D） do the arithmetic problems 54 What does the passage mainly discuss? （ A） The development of software recording ou
33、r lives. （ B） Gelernters ideas. （ C） The implement of lifestreams. （ D） Emerging of self-tracking. 55 Xobni schedules that office workers arrange their self-tracking data according to_. （ A） chronological order （ B） the frequency of contacting on the web （ C） the alphabetical order （ D） the family r
34、elationship 55 A paradox of education is that presenting information in a way that looks easy to learn often has the opposite effect. Numerous studies have demonstrated that when people are forced to think hard about what they are shown they remember it better, so it is worth looking at ways this ca
35、n be done. And a piece of research about to be published in Cognition, by Daniel Oppenheimer, a psychologist at Princeton University, and his colleagues, suggests a simple one: make the text conveying the information harder to read. Dr. Oppenheimer recruited 28 volunteers aged between 18 and 40 and
36、asked them to learn, from written descriptions, about three “species“ of extraterrestrial alien, each of which had seven features. This task was meant to be similar to learning about animal species in a biology lesson. It used aliens in place of actual species to be certain that the participants cou
37、ld not draw on prior knowledge. Half of the volunteers were presented with the information in difficult-to-read fonts (12-point Comic Sans MS 75% greyscale and 12-point Bodoni MT 75% greyscale). The other half saw it in 16-point Arial pure-black font, which tests have shown is one of the easiest to
38、read. Participants were given 90 seconds to memorise the information in the lists. They were then distracted with unrelated tasks for a quarter of an hour or so, before being asked questions about the aliens, such as “What is the diet of the Pangerish?“ and “What colour eyes does the Norgletti have?
39、“ The upshot was that those reading the Arial font got the answers right 72. 8% of the time, on average. Those forced to read the more difficult fonts answered correctly 86. 5% of the time. The question was, would this result translate from the controlled circumstances of the laboratory to the unrul
40、y environment of the classroom? It did. When the researchers asked teachers to use the technique in high-school lessons on chemistry, physics, English and history, they got similar results. The lesson, then, is to make text books harder to read, not easier. 56 Which of the following statements is tr
41、ue? （ A） The easier the information is presented, the better people can memorize. （ B） No experiments have proved the paradox of education., （ C） The information harder to read impresses people most. （ D） Daniel Oppenheimer works in Cognition. 57 According to the study carried out by Dr. Oppenheimer
42、, information to be conveyed is about （ A） animal species in a biology lesson （ B） three species of extraterrestrial alien （ C） written descriptions （ D） participants prior knowledge 58 We can infer from the passage that_influences participants performance in the study. （ A） fonts presenting the inf
43、ormation （ B） Arial pure-black （ C） Comic Sans MS （ D） Bodoni MT 59 The participants were tested_. （ A） in 90 seconds to memorise the information in the lists （ B） to answer questions about the aliens directly （ C） with very difficult tasks （ D） with distraction prior to the related information 60 T
44、he author is_about/to the result of the studies in uncontrolled environment of the classroom. （ A） doubtful （ B） certain （ C） cautious （ D） indifferent 60 This is the 12th book of poems in about 50 years of writing by a great Northern Irish poet who is now in his eighth decade, “and who recently rec
45、overed from a serious illness. Ageing and that brush with death have profoundly marked this new collection by Seamus Heaney. The change has stripped the poetry back to spare concentration on the small things of life an old suit, the filling of a fountain pen, the hug that didnt happen which then ope
46、n up to ever fuller significance, the more closely they are examined. It has also made the poems easier to engage with: there are no puzzling Ulsterisms, for instance. Complications have been tossed aside. Words are no longer delved into for their etymological significance as they were in the 1970s.
47、 Now they are caressed for their mellifluousness. The collection feels personal as if it had a compelling need to be written. A decade and a half ago Mr. Heaney told The Economist that once the evil banalities of sectarianism seemed to be receding, his verse was able to admit the “big words“ with wh
48、ich poetry had once abounded: soul and spirit, for example. In this collection both are present, at some level. The words describing a simple act the passing of meal in sacks by aid workers onto a trailer in the title poem, “Human Chain“, transform this 12-line poem into a kind of parable. There is
49、the collective, shared human burden of the act itself the “stoop and drag and drain“ of the heavy lifting and then there is the wonderful letting go: “Nothing surpassed/That quick unburdening. “ Is the poet talking about the toil of life, and the aftermath of that toil? The poems snatch precious remembered moments. They linger over the sweetness of particulars vetch, the feel of an eel on a line. They pay attention to th
