1、专业英语四级（听力）模拟试卷 312及答案与解析 SECTION A TALK In this section you will hear a talk. You will hear the talk ONCE ONLY. While listening, you may look at ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word (s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptabl
2、e. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking. You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task. 0 Cultural Differences in Business When you conduct business overseas or play host to international visitors, cultural differences should be well【 T1】 By making an【 T1】 _ effort to close the cult
3、ure gap, youll gain respect, increase【 T2】【 T2】 _ and foster healthy business relationships. Dos and donts in international commerce: I. Addressing people 1)Greeting Americans:【 T3】 and informal【 T3】 _ Germans and Japanese: unlikely to use first names Asians: less eye and【 T4】【 T4】 _ 2)Punctuality 【
4、 T5】 for Asian and German associates【 T5】 _ 3)Business cards exchanging an emphasis on【 T6】【 T6】 _ II. Business meals Western style: fork and knife Asian style:【 T7】【 T7】 _ III.【 T8】 on gift giving and accepting【 T8】 _ 1)The Japanese white: the color of death four: unlucky gift giving and receiving:
5、 with a slight bow and not opened in front of the guests 2)The Latins gifts of knives:【 T9】 of the relationship【 T9】 _ 3)Germans red roses: romantic interests carnations:【 T10】【 T10】 _ 4)Mexicans and Brazilians purple: the color of death 1 【 T1】 2 【 T2】 3 【 T3】 4 【 T4】 5 【 T5】 6 【 T6】 7 【 T7】 8 【 T8
6、】 9 【 T9】 10 【 T10】 10 Note Taking I. Why to take notes? 1)Notes are an aid to memory. 【 T1】 and recalling the information【 T1】 _ 2)Notes provide the【 T2】 of your set essay topic.【 T2】 _ 【 T3】 ideas and arguments【 T3】 _ selecting relevant points understanding and interpreting the original source II.
7、 What and how much to note down? 1)The writers【 T4】 in the passage【 T4】 _ not precisely the same focus as your essay topic sifting the information and ideas according to your interests 2)The discipline in which you are working When you are working in history or literature, you will have to include m
8、any direct【 T5】 in your notes.【 T5】 _ attributing the work to the original writer 3)Your own purpose in relation to your essay topic If your purpose is clear, you can select and record relevant material in as much【 T6】 as you want.【 T6】 _ III. How to take notes? 1)For clear identification, your note
9、s must be headed clearly with all the【 T7】 facts.【 T7】 _ the author, title, place of【 T8】 , publisher and edition, and【 T8】 _ date the exact page reference 2)You should set up a flexible system so that you can【 T9】 your【 T9】 _ notes easily. 3)You should leave enough space for comment, so【 T10】 are【
10、T10】 _ useful. 11 【 T1】 12 【 T2】 13 【 T3】 14 【 T4】 15 【 T5】 16 【 T6】 17 【 T7】 18 【 T8】 19 【 T9】 20 【 T10】 专业英语四级（听力）模拟试卷 312答案与解析 SECTION A TALK In this section you will hear a talk. You will hear the talk ONCE ONLY. While listening, you may look at ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORD
11、S for each gap. Make sure the word (s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking. You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task. 0 【听力原文】 Cultural Differences in Business Today we are going to talk about the cultural di
12、fferences in business. When you conduct business overseas or play host to international visitors, it makes good business sense to understand and appreciate their cultural differences. By making an effort to close the culture gap,(2)youll gain respect, increase credibility and foster healthy business
13、 relationships. Although its impossible to generalize guidelines for all cultures, here are some dos and donts with respect to three nationalities that have become major players in international commerce. Well look at the Americans, Japanese, Latins and Germans when it comes to how to address them,
14、their concepts of time, their dining styles, and appropriate gifts. Firstly, addressing people varies from different countries.(3)As Americans, they tend to be much more casual and informal when they meet people. Germans and Japanese, for example, are very unlikely to use first names in business.(4)
15、Asians prefer to use less eye and physical contact. With Asian and German associates, punctuality is a must! It is safe to begin a meeting with a more formal tone that can always be relaxed by following their lead.(6)Business cards are treated with more respect by people from other countries, and th
16、ere is a strong emphasis on titles and positions. Secondly, people behave differently at meals. Most of the world eats in continental style with the fork in the left hand and the knife in the right, eating off the back of the fork. However, on the other hand, it is uncomfortable when people keep bot
17、h of their wrists above the table for the whole meal. Americans usually place the hand we are not eating or drinking with on our laps. Europeans often find it strange and may wonder what they are doing! (7)When you eat with chopsticks, never leave your sticks standing up in the bowl and never leave
18、them crossed. Never make a negative comment about the food. Asians consider it appropriate to pick up soup and rice bowls while eating. Some groups even show their pleasure by slurping their soup and noodles. In Germany, Japan and Brazil, the service charge may be included in the bill. In Latin coun
19、tries and in Germany, the main meal is served at midday. The last tip is on gift giving and accepting.(8)Be aware that gifts are important, but some may be taboo in certain cultures. For example, for the Japanese people, white is the color of death and four of anything is unlucky. And gifts are norm
20、ally given and received with a slight bow and are not opened in front of the guests.(9)For the Latins, gifts of knives suggest “cutting“ of the relationship. For Germans, red roses signal romantic interests, and carnations signify death. For Mexicans and Brazilians, purple is the color of death, so
21、its best to avoid purple flowers and gifts. In a word, when you are in doubt about how to act in a certain situation, ask questions. By becoming an enthusiastic student of cultural differences and helping international business associates learn more about our culture, you will leave a more favorable
22、 and memorable impression. 【知识模块】 讲座 1 【正确答案】 understood and appreciated 【试题解析】 本题为细节题。讲座中提到当人们参与国际商务或招待国际访客时， it makes good business sense to understand and appreciate their culturaldifferences，即应该明白并理解文化差异。因此填入 understood and appreciated。 【知识模块】 讲座 2 【正确答案】 credibility 【试题解析】 本题为细节题。讲座提到通过努力填平文化差异
23、的鸿沟， youll gain respect， increase credibility and foster healthy business relationships，即获得尊重、增强信任并促进良好的商务关系。因此填入 credibility。 【知识模块】 讲座 3 【正确答案】 casual 【试题解析】 本题为细节题。讲座提到的第一个方面 打招呼。商务交往中，美国人 tendto be much more casual and informal when they meet people，即显得更加随意，不拘礼节。因此填入 casual。 【知识模块】 讲座 4 【正确答案】 p
24、hysical contact 【试题解析】 本题为细节题。讲座提到 Asians prefer to use less eye and physicalcontact即亚洲人较少进行眼神交流和身体接触。因此填入 physical contact。 【知识模块】 讲座 5 【正确答案】 a must necessary important 【试题解析】 本题为要点题。讲座提到，对于亚洲和德国的商业合作伙伴来讲，punctuality is a must!即守时是必须的。因此可以填入 a must或 necessary或important。 【知识模块】 讲座 6 【正确答案】 titles a
25、nd positions 【试题解析】 本题为细节题。此处讲到收发名片： Business cards are treated withmore respectand there is a strong emphasis o n titles and positions即名片会强调头衔和职位。因此答案为 titles and positions。 【知识模块】 讲座 7 【正确答案】 chopsticks 【试题解析】 本题为细节题。此处讲到中西方在商务用餐方面的差异。西方人使用刀叉，而亚洲人主要使用筷子，讲座中提到了使用筷子的一些注意事项和禁忌。因此填入 chopsticks。 【知识模块】
26、 讲座 8 【正确答案】 Taboos 【试题解析】 本题为要点题。讲座第三部分讲到收发礼物： Be aware that gifts are important but some may be taboo in certain cultures即收发礼物时需要注意不同文化中的一些禁忌。因此答案为 Taboos。 【知识模块】 讲座 9 【正确答案】 cutting 【试题解析】 本题为细节题。此处讲到拉丁人收发礼物的禁忌。他们认为 gifts of knivessuggest“cutting”of the relationship，即送刀子作为礼物表示双方友谊的破裂。故答案为 cutting
27、。 【知识模块】 讲座 10 【正确答案】 death 【试题解析】 本题为细节题。此处讲到德国人收发礼物的禁忌： For Germans，red roses signalromantic interests， and carnations signify death即德国人认为红玫瑰有浪漫的气息，而康乃馨则意味着死亡。故此处应填入 death。 【知识模块】 讲座 10 【听力原文】 Note Taking Good morning. Today Ill talk about how to take notes. Note-taking is quite an interesting top
28、ic to discuss. First I would ask, why do you take notes? I think you might consider two reasons. First, notes are an aid to memory. Obviously if you are reading for a long essay over a period of weeks, or for two or three essays simultaneously,(1)then you must have some systems of sorting and recall
29、ing the information you will need when you finally come to plan and write the essay. Second,(2)your notes provide the raw material on which your mind must work in relation to your set essay topic.(3)When you take notes, the process of doing it helps you to summarize ideas and arguments, select point
30、s relevant to your purpose, and finally understand and interpret the original source. Now we come to the question: what do you note down, and how much do you take notes from reading? We often consider the following three ways: (4)First, what is the writers intention in the passage? You know the writ
31、er has selected and structured his material to suit his intentions, but these are unlikely to be precisely the same focus as your essay topic. Therefore, while recognizing the writers own purpose, you must sift his information and ideas according to your own interests. And then, the discipline in wh
32、ich you are working. In disciplines in which you are working with original sources,(5)for example, history or literature, you will have to include many direct quotations in your notes. As you will want to include some of these quotations in your essay, you must copy them with absolute accuracy. You
33、must remember to attribute the work to the original writer too. The last is your own purpose in relation to your essay topic.(6)If your purpose is clear, you can select and record relevant material in as much detail as you want. Now Ill deal with our last question: how do you take notes? There are t
34、hree general principles that apply to all the methods of compiling notes: 1. Clear identification:(7)Your notes must be clearly headed with all the bibliographical details you may later need, when you want to use these materials in your essay. In practice this means(8)you must record the author, tit
35、le, place of publication, publisher and edition, and date. And next to each key point or direct quotation you must note the exact page reference. 2. A flexible system:(9)You should record your notes in such a way that is easy to rearrange them for the purpose of your essay. Notes made on loose-leaf
36、paper and cards have the advantage that they can be shuffled, combined and reorganized at the planning and writing stages of your essay. 3. Room for comment:(10)Wide margins are useful. As you build up your materials you will find you want to add cross-references to other sources. You may also want
37、to include your own comments or reactions to the text, or just indicate that a certain point may be crucial to your essay. My lecture is going to stop here. Thanks for your attention. 【知识模块】 讲座 11 【正确答案】 sorting 【试题解析】 本题为细节题。讲座提到做笔记有助于记忆，接着提到 you must have somesystems of sorting and recalling the i
38、nformation，即必须有一些信息分类和回顾的体系。因此填入 sorting。 【知识模块】 讲座 12 【正确答案】 raw material 【试题解析】 本题为要点题。讲座提到做笔记的第二个原因： your notes provide the rawmaterial on which your mind must work in relation to your set essay topic，即笔记可以提供原始素材。因此填入 raw material。 【知识模块】 讲座 13 【正确答案】 summarizing 【试题解析】 本题为细节题。讲座提到 When you take
39、notes， the process of doing ithelps you to summarize ideas and arguments， select points relevant to your purpose， andfinally understand and interpret the original source即当你做笔记时，这个过程可以帮助你总结中心思想和论据 。因此填入 summarizing。 【知识模块】 讲座 14 【正确答案】 intention 【试题解析】 本题为要点题。讲座中关于笔记记什么和记多少提到了三个方面的内容。第一点就是 the writer
40、s intention in the passage，即作者的写作意图。因此答案为 intention。 【知识模块】 讲座 15 【正确答案】 quotations 【试题解析】 本题为细节 题。此处提到第二点： the discipline，即所关注的学科。并且举例说明历史和文学需要在笔记中记下许多直接引用原文的语句。因此填入 quotations，意为 “引用语 ”。 【知识模块】 讲座 16 【正确答案】 detail 【试题解析】 本题为细节题。此处提到第三点：与文章主题相关的意图。 If your purpose isclear， you can select and record
41、 relevant material in as much detail as you want即如 果目的清晰明确，就可以选择和记录相关材料中尽可能多的细节信息。故此处填入 detail。 【知识模块】 讲座 17 【正确答案】 bibliographical 【试题解析】 本题为要点题。此处讲到如何做笔记。第一条就是要有明确的说明。 Your notes must be clearly headed with all the bibliographical details 即做笔记时要记录书目的所有详细信息。故此处填入 bibliographical。 【知识模块】 讲座 18 【正 确答
42、案】 publication 【试题解析】 本题为细节题。此处讲到书目的详细信息包括 the author， title，place ofpublication， publisher and edition， and date Andthe exact page reference即作者、文章题目、出版地、出版社和版次、日期以及参考的具体页码。所以填入 publication。 【知识模块】 讲座 19 【正确答案】 rearrange 【试题解析】 本题为要点题。关于如何做笔记的第二个 要点是灵活使用活页纸或卡片： You should record your notes in such a way that is easy to rearrange them for the purpose ofyour essay即这样便于你根据文章的目的重新整理你的笔记。故填入 rearrange。 【知识模块】 讲座 20 【正确答案】 wide margins 【试题解析】 本题为要点题。关于如何做笔记的最后一点是留有做评论的空间。Wide margins are useful即可 以使页边空白宽一些，便于对笔记内容进行评论。因此填入 wide margins。 【知识模块】 讲座
