1、专业英语四级（听力）模拟试卷 357及答案与解析 SECTION A TALK In this section you will hear a talk. You will hear the talk ONCE ONLY. While listening, you may look at ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word (s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptabl
2、e. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking. You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task. 0 Corporate Crime Over decades of years, corporate crime has been 【 T1】 _ increased Corporate crime has been ignored by: a) the 【 T2】 _ e.g. news broadcasts, crime serials b) 【 T3】 _ Reasons for
3、being ignored: a) often more complex, and needing 【 T4】 _ b) less 【 T5】 _than conventional crime c) victims often 【 T6】 _ Effects: a) Economic costs may appear unimportant to 【 T7】 _ can make large 【 T8】 _for company cause more 【 T9】 _to individuals than conventional crimes b) Social costs make peop
4、le lose trust in business world affect 【 T10】 _ most 1 【 T1】 2 【 T2】 3 【 T3】 4 【 T4】 5 【 T5】 6 【 T6】 7 【 T7】 8 【 T8】 9 【 T9】 10 【 T10】 10 The Fairness of College Entrance Exams I. SAT and ACT: major tests to measure applicants 【 T1】 _ II. Tendency to drop admission requirements -More than 【 T2】 _ un
5、iversities require no SAT or ACT test score -More and more universities become test-optional -Others: care more about an applicants life experience, 【 T3】 _, community services and talents. III. GPA: another way to judge applicants 【 T4】 _ International applicants: convert to GPA 【 T5】 _ It is a bet
6、ter 【 T6】 _ of academic strength IV. Views about the fairness of SAT -Cheryl OBrien believes: a) 【 T7】 _ students have a advantage on tests b) Self study: no 【 T8】 _ -A 2010 study: SAT was 【 T9】 _ certain minority group -Ryan Lessing, a student at Brown University: It is a benchmark 【 T10】 _ among a
7、pplicants, not the cause of educational inequality 11 【 T1】 12 【 T2】 13 【 T3】 14 【 T4】 15 【 T5】 16 【 T6】 17 【 T7】 18 【 T8】 19 【 T9】 20 【 T10】 专业英语四级（听力）模拟试卷 357答案与解析 SECTION A TALK In this section you will hear a talk. You will hear the talk ONCE ONLY. While listening, you may look at ANSWER SHEET O
8、NE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word (s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking. You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task. 0 【听力原文】 Corporate Crime So far, in these lectures, we
9、ve been looking at crimes like robbery and murder both from a historical viewpoint and also in contemporary society and weve seen that the preoccupation in Western society with crime and with lawlessness is part of a long and continuous tradition, rather than something which is new and unique to mod
10、ern society. But over the past seventy years or so, 1 there has been a massive increase in one type of crime, which is whats known as “corporate crime“. Corporate crime is crime which, as the name suggests, is connected with companies, with business organisations. 2 It has been relatively ignored by
11、 the mass media for example, it tends to be under-reported in comparison with conventional crime in news broadcasts, and in crime serials and films and so on they very rarely deal with corporate crime. 3 And it also tends to be ignored in academic circles theres been far more research on conventiona
12、l crime and far more data is available. There are several reasons for this lack of interest in corporate crime, compared with other types of crime. Its often very complex, whereas with conventional crime 4 its usually possible to follow whats going on without specialist knowledge. As well as this, 5
13、 whereas conventional crime usually has a lot of human interest, corporate crime often has much less. The third reason, and possibly the most significant one, 6 is that very often the victims are unaware they think their misfortune is an accident or that its the fault of no-one in particular. Theyre
14、 unaware that theyve been victims of a crime. So, when we look at the effects of corporate crime we may find its very difficult to assess the costs. But these costs can be very considerable in both their economic and social aspects. Lets look at the economic costs first. For example, if a company is
15、 producing fruit juice and it dilutes its product so that its just a little below the concentration it should be, many millions of people may be paying a small amount extra for their carton of orange juice. 7 Now small amounts like this may seem insignificant for individual customers too small to wo
16、rry about but for the company this deception might 8 result in massive illegal profit. However, all studies of corporate crime agree that 9 the individuals are in fact deprived of far more money by such crime than they are by conventional crime like robbery and theft. In addition to this, we have to
17、 consider the social costs of corporate crime and these are again very difficult to assess, but they are considerable. Theyre important because they can undermine the faith of the public in the business world and also, more importantly, because the main group of people they affect are, in fact, 10 n
18、ot the richer sections of society but the poorer so here companies are robbing the poor to benefit the rich. 1 【正确答案】 massively 【试题解析】 录音提到，在过去约 70年间，有一种犯罪大量增长，即 “单位犯罪 ”。空格后是动词 increased，故需把形容词 massive“大规模的 ”改成副词massively，或者用近义词 sharply， fast等替换。 2 【正确答案】 mass media 【试题解析】 空格要求填入单位犯罪被谁忽略了。根据空格后的例子可知
19、该词应能概括 news broadcasts“新闻广播 ”和 crime serials“犯罪连续剧 ”。录音提到，单位犯罪一直被大众媒 体 (mass media)忽略，故答案为 mass media。 3 【正确答案】 academic circles 【试题解析】 空格与上一题并列，因而填入 been ignored by的宾语。录音提到，单位犯罪也往往被学术圈 (academic circles)忽视，故填入 academic circles。 4 【正确答案】 specialist knowledge 【试题解析】 空格与单位犯罪被忽视的原因相关，由空格前的 needing可知应填入
20、名词性成分作宾语。录音提到，单位犯罪被忽视 的原因非常复杂，而传统犯罪即使没有专业知识，通常也可以跟进。由此可知单位犯罪的跟进需要专业知识，故填入 specialist knowledge。 5 【正确答案】 human interest 【试题解析】 空格与第四题并列，也与单位犯罪被忽视的原因相关。录音提到，传统犯罪通常能引起人们的极大兴趣，而单位犯罪很少引起人们的兴趣，空格前是 less，故填入 human interest。 6 【正确答案】 unaware 【试题解析】 空格要求填入第三个原因，与 victims“受害者 ”相关。录 音提到，第三个原因可能是最重要的，即受害者常常没有意
21、识到，他们觉得自己的不幸是意外，或者并不是具体某位人员的错误，他们没有意识到自己是犯罪的受害者。由此可知空格应填入形容词 unaware“未意识到的 ”。 7 【正确答案】 individual customers 【试题解析】 题目与单位犯罪造成的经济损失相关。讲座列举果汁生产公司偷工减料的案例，提到稀释一点点并不会被注意到，成千上万的人可能会为此多付一点钱。这一点点对个体消费者 (individual customers)可能并不重要。空格前的unimportant“不重要的 ”是录音 insignificant的同义词，因此答案为 individual customers。 8 【正确答
22、案】 illegal profit 【试题解析】 录音提到，一点点对个体消费者可能并不重要，但对公司来说，这种欺骗会带来高额的非法利润 (result in massive illegal profit)。空格前的 large同义替换了录音的 massive，因此要填入 illegal profit。 9 【正确答案】 money losses losses 【试题解析】 录音提到，对单位犯罪的所有研究都认为，这种犯罪比抢劫和偷盗的传统犯罪夺取了个人更多的钱财 (far more money)。因此可知给个人带来的是更多的金钱损失，故填入 money losses或 losses。 10 【正
23、确答案】 the poorer poorer people 【试题解析】 本题要求填入单位犯罪所造成的社会损失。录音提到两个后果，其一是破坏了商业社会中的公众信任；其二影响的主要人群不是社会相对富裕的人，而是更穷的人。空格在 affect之后，应填入名词性成分作宾语。故答 案为 the poorer或 poorer people。 10 【听力原文】 The Fairness of College Entrance Exams Im Anne Ball. Today we will talk about the fairness of college entrance exams. The S
24、AT and ACT are the two major college entrance tests in the United States. 1 For years, colleges have used these tests to help measure an applicants academic skills. But a growing number of American universities are dropping the entrance exam requirement. 2 More than 800 universities now allow studen
25、ts to apply without an SAT or ACT test score. More universities are becoming “test optional.“ Students who apply to test-optional schools can choose whether they want to include test scores in their applications. Each of Americas more than 3,000 colleges and universities has its own admission requir
26、ements. At some colleges, test scores are very important. 3 Others are more interested in an applicants life experience, teacher recommendations, community services, and talents. 4 High school GPA, or grade point average, is another way to judge a students ability. A GPA of 3.5 or higher (on scale f
27、rom 0 to 4) is considered good. 5 For international applicants, universities have specialists review the academic standards of different countries and convert them to GPA equivalents. Jennifer Tkacz is the Director of International Admissions at George Mason University. It is the largest test-option
28、al university in the United States. She explains why the school went test-optional in 2006. 6 “The university administration felt that for many students, their test scores arent necessarily a reflection of their academic strength and the GPA is a much better indicator.“ Ms. Tkacz says high school pe
29、rformance says more about a students potential than a test score. Cheryl OBrien owns a test preparation company in New York. 7 She says wealthy students have a major advantage on college entrance tests. They can spend months or even years preparing for the test with private teachers. But self-study,
30、 even for highly motivated students, is not the same. 8 Ms. OBrien explains: “Its never going to be as good as working with somebody when you can have feedback. Books dont talk back to you. Books dont explain to you whats going on and how to understand something.“ A 2010 study in the Harvard Educati
31、onal Review argued that the SAT used vocabulary that was more familiar to white test takers. 9 The study said that the SAT “appears to be biased against the African-American minority group.“ Ryan Lessing is a student at Brown University, a highly selective school that requires a test score. He says
32、the SAT is not perfect, but it serves an important purpose. “What the SATs provide is a relatively neutral benchmark. The rigor of coursework is not the same across schools. The activities available are not the same across schools. 10 The SAT provides some benchmark, which is at least relatively con
33、sistent among applicants.“ Mr. Lessing says the SAT is not the cause of educational inequality. He says the difference in test scores just reflects the deep inequality in American society. 11 【正确答案】 academic skills 【试题解析】 本题考查 SAT和 ACT相关内容，不定式 to measure 表明考查的是这两项考试的目的。讲话人在开始提到 SAT和 ACT两项考试多年来被大学用来测
34、试申请者的学习能力，因此填入 academic skills。 12 【正确答案】 800 【试题解析】 由空格前的 More than和空格后的 universities推测此空需填入数字。录音提到，超过 800所大学在申请时不需要提供 SAT或者 ACT的考试成绩，故填入数字 800。 13 【正确答案】 teacher recommendations 【试题解析】 对于取消 SAT ACT人学要求这一趋势，录音提到有些学校更看重申请人的个人经历、老师推荐、社区服务和才能，故填入 teacher recommendations。 14 【正确答 案】 ability 【试题解析】 本题要求
35、填入 judge的宾语，应为名词。录音提到，高中的成绩平均绩点是另一种衡量学生能力的方式，故填入 ability。 15 【正确答案】 equivalents 【试题解析】 本题考查如何衡量国际申请人学者的学业水平。录音提到，大学有专家审核不同国家学生的学术水平，并将它们转换为类似于平均绩点的标准，因此填入 equivalents。 16 【正确答案】 indicator reflection 【试题解析】 空格前的不定冠词 a提示此处需要填入名 词。录音提到 “大学管理层认为，对许多学生来说，他们的测验分数不一定是他们学术实力的真实体现，GPA是一个更好的指标 ”，因此可填入 indicat
36、or，也可填入录音中用到的reflection。 17 【正确答案】 wealthy/rich 【试题解析】 本题考查 Cheryl OBrien对入学考试的看法。录音提到，富裕的学生在大学入学考试上有着很大的优势。故此处应填入形容词 wealthy或 rich。 18 【正确答案】 feedback 【试题解析】 本题还是与 Cheryl OBrien对入学考试的看法有关。录音中提到富裕的学生可以请家教来应对考试，但自学是不一样的，学习时得不到他人的反馈。因此填入 feedback。 19 【正确答案】 biased against 【试题解析】 录音提到哈佛教育评论 2010年一项研究认为 SAT考试对非洲裔美国人似乎存有偏见 (appears to be biased against.)，故填入 biased against。 20 【正确答案】 consistent 【试题解析】 本题考查的是 Ryan Lessing对 SAT考试 的评价。录音中提到，SAT考试提供了一些基准测试 (benchmark)，这一点在申请人中至少相对一致的，故此处填入 consistent。
