1、专业英语四级（阅读）模拟试卷 102及答案与解析 SECTION A In this section there are several passages followed by ten multiple-choice questions. For each question, there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer. 0 You might think that borrowing a match upon the stree
2、t is a simple thing. But any man who has ever tried it will assure you that it is not, and will be prepared to swear on oath to the truth of my experience of the other evening. I was standing on the comer of the street with a cigar that I wanted to light. I had no match. I waited till a decent, ordi
3、nary man came along. Then I said: “Excuse me, sir, but could you oblige me with the loan of a match?“ “A match?“ he said, “why, certainly.“ Then he unbuttoned his overcoat and put his hand in the pocket of his waistcoat. “I know I have one,“ he went on, “and Id almost swear its in the bottom pocket
4、or, hold on, though, I guess it may be in the top just wait till I put these parcels down on the sidewalk. “ “Oh, dont trouble,“ I said, “Its really of no consequence.“ “Oh, its no trouble, Ill have it in a minute; I know there must be one in here somewhere“ he was digging his fingers into his pocke
5、t as he spoke “but you see this isnt the waistcoat that I generally.“ I saw that man was getting excited about it. “Well, never mind,“ I protested; “if that isnt the waistcoat that you generally why, it doesnt matter.“ “Hold on, now, hold on! “ the man said. “Ive got one of the cursed things in here
6、 somewhere. I guess it must be in with my watch. No, its not there either. Wait till I try my coat. If that damned tailor only knew enough to make a pocket so that a man could get at it! “ He was getting pretty well worked up now. He had thrown down his walking-stick and searching his pockets with h
7、is teeth set. “Its that cursed young boy of mine,“ he exasperated; “this comes of his fooling in my pocket. By God! Perhaps I wont warm him up when I get home. Say, Ill be that its in my hip-pocket. You just hold up the tail of my overcoat a second till I.“ “No, no,“ I protested again, “please dont
8、take all this trouble, it really doesnt matter. Im sure you neednt take off your overcoat, and oh, pray dont throw away your letters and things in the snow like that, and tear out your pockets by the roots! Please, please dont trample over your overcoat and put your feet through the parcels. I do ha
9、te to hear you swearing at your little boy, with that peculiar grumble in your voice. Dont please dont tear your clothes so savagely.“ Suddenly the man gave a grunt of joy, and drew his hand up from inside the lining of his coat. “Ive got it,“ he cried. “Here you are! “ Then he brought it out under
10、the light. It was a toothpick. Yielding to the impulse of the moment I pushed him under the wheels of a trolley-car and ran. 1 The purpose of the first paragraph is （ A） to offer some background information. （ B） to arouse readers interest towards simple things. （ C） to introduce an overall idea of
11、the following passage. （ D） to link the preceding part to the present one. 2 The man sounds _ when the author turned to him to borrow a match. （ A） sensitive （ B） helpful （ C） brainsick （ D） smart 3 By saying “He was getting pretty well worked up now“ in Paragraph 9, the author means （ A） the man be
12、came well. （ B） the man has finished cursing. （ C） the man has become desperate. （ D） the man suddenly found an answer. 4 Which of the following is INCORRECT according to the passage? （ A） The man cursed his boy. （ B） The man trampled over his overcoat. （ C） The man tore his clothes violently. （ D）
13、The man found the match from his coat. 5 The author pushed that man under the wheels of a trolley-car and ran because he （ A） wanted to get rid of him. （ B） could not help doing it. （ C） was angry with the man. （ D） almost became mad. 5 There is no shortage of tipsters (提供内幕的人 ) around offering “get
14、-rich-quick“ opportunities. But if you are a serious private investor, leave the Las Vegas mentality to those with money to fritter (挥霍 ). The serious investor needs a proper “portfolio“ a well-planned selection of investments, with a definite structure and a clear aim. But exactly how does a newcom
15、er to the stock market go about achieving that? Well, if you go to five reputable stock brokers and ask them what you should do with your money, youre likely to get five different answers, even if you give all the relevant information about your age, family, finances and what you want from your inve
16、stments. Moral? There is no one “right“ way to structure a portfolio. However, there are undoubtedly some wrong ways, and you can be sure that none of our five advisers would have suggested sinking all (or perhaps any) of your money into Periwigs. So what should you do? Well assume that you have sor
17、ted out the basics like mortgages, pensions, insurance and access to sufficient cash reserves. You should then establish your own individual aims. These are partly a matter of personal circumstances, partly a matter of psychology. For instance, if you are older you have less time to recover from any
18、 major losses, and you may well wish to boost your pension income. So preserving your capital and generating extra income are your main priorities. In this case, youd probably construct a portfolio with some shares (but not high risk ones), along with gilts, cash deposits, and perhaps convertibles o
19、r the income shares of split capital investment trusts. If you are younger, and in a solid financial position, you may decide to take an aggressive approach but only if youre blessed with a sanguine disposition and wont suffer sleepless nights over share prices. If you recognize yourself in this des
20、cription, you might include a couple of heady growth stocks in your portfolio, alongside your more pedestrian investments. Once you have decided on your investment aims, you can then decide where to put your money. The golden rule here is spread your risk if you put all of your money into Periwigs I
21、nternational, youre setting yourself up as a hostage to fortune. 6 Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the first paragraph? （ A） Las Vegas mentality only belongs to rich people. （ B） There are many short-cuts to becoming rich. （ C） A newcomer with a proper portfolio can invest. （
22、D） A well-planned selection is needed for serious investors. 7 The short sentence “Moral?“ in the second paragraph probably questions whether （ A） the reputable stock brokers are immoral. （ B） there are any principles of right and wrong. （ C） the money should be invested into Periwigs. （ D） relevant
23、 information must be given to brokers. 8 Which of the following is INCORRECT according to the last two paragraphs in the passage? （ A） Older people should take a moderate approach in investment. （ B） The main priority for older people is to take aggressive shares. （ C） Younger people may adopt an ag
24、gressive approach in investment. （ D） Younger people can be comparatively more positive towards loss. 9 All of the following can be included in older peoples portfolio EXCEPT （ A） cash deposits. （ B） convertibles. （ C） pedestrian investments. （ D） shares with high profit. 10 What does the phrase “a
25、hostage to fortune“ in the last paragraph mean? （ A） A man lucky enough to have a lot of money. （ B） An unfortunate man for the loss of money. （ C） A wise and fortunate man for the investment. （ D） A risk spreader to a very large extent. 10 In 1967, in response to widespread public concern aroused b
26、y medical reports of asbestos related death, the National Medical Research Council (NMRC) organized a committee of enquiry to investigate the health threats associated with the use of asbestos in the building industry. After examining evidences provided by medical researchers and building workers an
27、d management, the Council published a report which included advices for dealing with asbestos. The report confirmed the findings of similar research in the United States and Canada. Exposure to relatively small quantities of asbestos fibers, they concluded, was directly responsible for the developme
28、nt of cancers, asbestosis (石棉沉着病 ) and related diseases. Taking into account evidence provided by economists and building industry management, however, the report assumed that despite the availability of other materials, asbestos would continue to play a major role in the British building industry f
29、or many years to come because of its availability and low cost. As a result, the Council gave a series of recommendations which were intended to reduce the risks to those who might be exposed to asbestos in working environments. They suggested that, where possible, asbestos-free materials should be
30、employed. In cases where asbestos was employed, it was recommended that it should be used in such a way that loose fibers were less likely to enter the air. The report advised that special care should be taken during work in environments which contain asbestos. Workers should wear protective equipme
31、nt and take special care to remove dust from the environment and clothing with the use of vacuum cleaner. The report identified five factors which determine the level of risk involved. The state and type of asbestos is critical to determining the risk factors. In addition, dust formation was found t
32、o be limited where asbestos was used when wet rather than dry. The choice of tools was also found to affect the quantities of asbestos particles that enter the air. Machine tools produce greater quantities of dust than hand tools and, where possible, the use of the latter was preferred. A critical f
33、actor which takes place in risk reduction is the adequate ventilation of the working environment. When work takes place in an enclosed space, more asbestos particles circulate and so natural or machine ventilation should be used. By closely following these advices, it was claimed that exposure can b
34、e reduced to a reasonably practical minimum. 11 According to the passage, exposure to asbestos fibers can cause cancer （ A） only when asbestos is used in building industry. （ B） only when it is used in large quantities. （ C） even if it is used in small quantities. （ D） if they are used when wet rath
35、er than dry. 12 Evidence from economists and building industry management shows that （ A） exposure to asbestos fibers is cancer-causing. （ B） asbestos is in extensive use at present. （ C） exposure to asbestos fibers can be reduced. （ D） use of asbestos is being gradually decreased. 13 All the follow
36、ing factors determine the level of risk involved EXCEPT （ A） the state of asbestos. （ B） the moisture. （ C） the choice of tools. （ D） the temperature. 14 _ can be regarded as a way to keep the adequate ventilation. （ A） Wearing protective clothes （ B） Using hand tools （ C） Opening the windows （ D） T
37、aking special care 15 Which of the following statements is NOT the suggestion put forward by the NMRC? （ A） Special care should be taken when at work. （ B） It is better for people to use asbestos-free materials. （ C） The quantities of asbestos should be reduced. （ D） Asbestos should continue to func
38、tion for years. 15 As unpleasant emotions go, anxiety is the sketchiest. Its a vague, pit-of-the-stomach dread that sneaks up to you that unease you get when your boss says that she needs to talk to you right away, when the phone rings at 4:00 am, or when your dentist looks into your mouth and says
39、“Hmmmm“ for the third time. Lingering anxiety can keep you up at night, make you irritable, undermine your ability to concentrate, and either ruin your appetite or cause Olympian eating binges. And the constant state of readiness generated by anxiety adrenaline pumping, heart racing, palms sweating
40、may contribute to high blood pressure and heart disease. How to prevent anxiety then? Meditate. Maybe youre just high-strung. If so, meditation is worth a try. It cultivates a calmness that eases anxious feelings and offers a sense of control. A study at the University of Massachusetts found that vo
41、lunteers who took an 8-week meditation course were considerably less anxious afterward. People who are high-strung find that they are dramatically calmer with 20 minutes of meditation in the morning and another 20 minutes after dinner. If youve never done meditation, try this technique: Sit quietly
42、in a comfortable position and take a few deep, cleansing breaths to relax your muscles. Then choose a calming word or phrase. (Experts suggest either a word or short phrase with religious significance, or the word one.) Silently repeat the word or phrase for 20 minutes. As you find your thoughts str
43、aying, gently return your focus to your repeated word and continue to breathe deeply. Jog, walk, swim, or cycle. If you cant make time for meditation, be sure to make time for regular exercise. Exercise can have the same calming effect as meditation, particularly if its something repetitive like run
44、ning or swimming laps. Treatment? Odds are that you can learn to handle anxiety better. Heres how. Remember to breathe. When youre anxious, you tend to hold your breath or breathe too shallowly. That makes you feel more anxious. Breathing slowly and deeply can have a calming effect. To make sure tha
45、t youre breathing correctly, place your hand on your diaphragm (横膈膜 ), just below your rib cage. Feel it rise with each inhalation and fall with each exhalation. Analyze and act. The antidote (矫正方法 ) to anxiety is analysis and action. To rid yourself of that vague sense of dread, you have to figure
46、out exactly what it is that you dread. Then you can map a plan of action to do something about it. Usually the first step in this action plan is to find out more about the problem. Lets say you are anxious about your competence on the job. Ask yourself, “What, in particular, am I afraid that Ill muf
47、f?“ Maybe youre afraid that youll get further behind and miss your deadlines. Or maybe youre worried that youre blowing it whenever you present your ideas in meetings. Are your worries founded? Have you had several near misses with deadlines? Are your suggestions routinely vetoed? If not, the anxiet
48、y is needless. If there is a real problem, work on a solution: Pace yourself to better meet deadlines, or join a public speaking class. 16 What does the word “sketchiest“ in Paragraph One mean? （ A） The most uncomfortable. （ B） The least serious. （ C） The most dreadful. （ D） The most irritable. 17 W
49、hich of the following symptoms is NOT directly caused by anxiety? （ A） Lower in concentration. （ B） No appetite. （ C） Heart racing. （ D） High blood pressure. 18 Jog, walk, swim, or cycle is, to a certain extent, similar to meditation because （ A） it can relieve your uneasiness effectively. （ B） exercise can make anxious people calm. （ C） doing exercises can relax your muscles. （ D） its a kind of repetitive exercise. 19 Which of the following statements about breath is CORRECT? （ A） Quick and deep breathing ha
