1、专业英语四级（阅读）模拟试卷 126及答案与解析 一、 SECTION A In this section there are several passages followed by ten multiple-choice questions. For each question, there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer. 0 (1)Spring is here: flowers are in bloom, birdsong
2、fills the air, and the inboxes of employers are filled with desperate appeals for summer internships. College students and graduates are well aware of the impact a desirable placement could have on their careers. With ever fewer entry-level jobs in many industries, internships have become a critical
3、 first step into employment. In America, three-quarters of students on a four-year university course will have toiled as an intern at least once before graduation. Up to half of these workers will have given their services free. Some may even have had to pay for the privilege of coming to work. (2)U
4、npaid internships seem to be an example of mutual utility: inexperienced youngsters learn something about a chosen field while employers get to farm out some unskilled work. The arrangement is consensual, and companies often use internships to test potential recruits. But the increasing popularity o
5、f these unpaid placements has caused some controversy lately. Nick Clegg, Britains deputy prime minister, recently launched a crusade to ban them, arguing that they favour the wealthy and privileged. Others complain that uncompensated internships violate labour standards, exploit new workers and sur
6、ely depress wages for everyone else. In America, they tend to be illegal at for-profit companies, according to guidelines set out in 1947. But the Department of Labour barely enforces such rules, in part because interns are often too afraid to file complaints. (3)Organisations in America save $2 bil
7、lion a year by not paying interns a minimum wage, writes Ross Perlin in “Intern Nation“, a new book about the “highly competitive race to the bottom of the corporate ladder“. Perhaps one-third of all internships at for-profit companies are unpaid, and interns now often fill roles once held by full-t
8、ime employees. “Young people and their parents are subsidising labour for Fortune 500 companies,“ Mr Perlin comments. (4)To avoid legal complications, companies often encourage students to work in exchange for academic credits from their college. But such credits can cost hundreds or even thousands
9、of dollars. Some colleges abolish their fees or earn them by offering guidance and oversight. For many institutions, however, they are an easy source of revenue, more beneficial to themselves than their students. (5)Calls for new labour laws that reflect the growing prominence of internships have go
10、t nowhere. Instead, interns will have to look out for each other, for example by rating their experiences on websites such as InternshipRatings and Internocracy. At any rate, students may be buoyed by a rare bit of good news from the National Association of Colleges and Employers: employers intend t
11、o hire 19% more graduates this year than last. This should spare some from the misery of working without pay. 1 Nick Clegg recently launched a crusade to ban _. （ A） internships before employment （ B） uncompensated internships （ C） consensual internships （ D） internships for rich college students 2
12、From Ross Perlins new book “Intern Nation“, we can learn that _. （ A） competition for internships is intense （ B） interns are usually looked down upon （ C） one third of interns work for for-profit companies （ D） internships are least valued by for-profit companies 3 What can we learn from the last p
13、aragraph? （ A） New labor laws will soon be enforced. （ B） Graduates will not have to work as an intern. （ C） More job vacancies will be available for graduates. （ D） Working without pay will soon be banned. 3 (1)Not far off the Pacific coast in the Costa Rican jungle, a community has taken to the tr
14、ees to craft a new, sustainable life off the grid and away from urbanity(文雅 ). Finca Bellavista is a community of long-term residents and travel guests housed in a network of tree houses built right into the rain forest. Perched above the forest floor, these tree houses are connected by zip lines an
15、d sky bridges, accessible by stairs and ladders from the ground level. Its the Swiss Family Robinson come alive, created by two dreamers who had enough of on-grid living in the United States. (2)Founders Matthew and Erica Hogan created Finca Bellavista not as their own private escape, but as an evol
16、ving community that is continuing to attract traveling guests and established residents alike. Plots are available for purchase in the community where new residents can craft their own tree houses and join the growing number of residents. Visitors can choose from a number of existing rentals for sho
17、rt or long-term stays, perfect for those who need a temporary getaway from modernized life. (3)Thats not to say that modern touches arent available at Finca Bellavista. Limited electricity, hot showers and even WiFi are available, primarily at the Finca Bellavista community center. While many of the
18、 raised structures are connected by zip lines only, the community is continuing to develop a sky bridge that currently connects a smaller cluster of tree houses. As new residents get involved, more of these developments are produced by the community. (4)The nature around Finca Bellavista is the cent
19、ral focus of community life. Two rivers run along the community property with crystal clear water and large, flowing waterfalls that often encourage visitors to dive in. The ocean is a hike from the community, and a small rural town is just a mile-and-a-half away. But the most valued experience of l
20、ife at Finca Bellavista is the environment directly within the forest itself. Wild lizards, birds and monkeys share the plot with its human inhabitants, providing for a very different experience than your standard house pet. 4 Which of the following is NOT true about Finca Bellavista? （ A） It was cr
21、eated by two dreamers. （ B） Its residents are living an on-grid life. （ C） It is featured by a network of tree houses. （ D） It is a sustainable community. 5 The “plots“ available for purchase in Finca Bellavista are . （ A） new tree houses （ B） building materials （ C） small pieces of land （ D） constr
22、uction schemes 5 (1)I still remembermy hands and my fingertips still rememberwhat used to lie in store for us on our return to school from the holidays. The trees in the school yard would be in full leaf again and the old leaves would be lying around in scattered heaps like a muddy sea of leaves. (2
23、)“Get that all swept up!“ the headmaster would tell us. “I want the whole place cleaned up, at once!“ There was enough work there, to last for over a week. Especially since the only tools with which we were provided were our hands, our fingers, our nails. “Now see that its done properly, and be quic
24、k about it,“ the headmaster would say to the older pupils, “or youll have to answer for it! “ (3)So at an order from the older boys we would all line up like peasants about to cut and gather in crops. If the work was not going as quickly as the headmaster expected, the big boys, instead of giving us
25、 a helping hand, used to find it simpler to whip us with branches pulled from the trees. In order to avoid these blows, we used to bribe our tyrants with the juicy cakes we used to bring for our midday meal. And if we happened to have any money on us the coins changed hands at once. If we did not do
26、 this, if we were afraid of going home with an empty stomach or an empty purse, the blows were redoubled. They hit us so violently and with such devilish enjoyment that even a deaf and dumb person would have realized that we were being whipped not so much to make us work harder, but rather to beat u
27、s into a state of obedience in which we would be only too glad to give up our food and money. (4)Occasionally one of us, worn out by such calculated cruelty, would have the courage to complain to the headmaster. He would of course be very angry, but the punishment he gave the older boys was always v
28、ery smallnothing compared to what they had done to us. And the fact is that however much we complained our situation did not improve in the slightest. Perhaps we should have let our parents know what was going on, but somehow we never dreamed of doing so; I dont know whether it was loyalty or pride
29、that kept us silent, but I can see now that we were foolish to keep quiet about it, for such beatings were completely foreign to our nature. 6 The statement “my hands and my fingertips still remember“(Para. 1)means that _. （ A） the authors hands were severely injured in the cleaning up （ B） the auth
30、or seldom did such hard work as the cleaning up （ C） the author was bullied by the big boys in the cleaning up （ D） the authors hands were his only tool for the cleaning up 7 When receiving complaints, the headmaster would deal with the big boys by means of_. （ A） slight punishment （ B） harsh critic
31、ism （ C） complete indifference （ D） tedious preaching 7 (1)An Indian website, , set up last summer by anti-corruption activists, reveals just how greedy officials can be. It has documented over 8,500 instances of bribery adding up to nearly 375m rupees. These include 100 rupees to get a policeman to
32、 register a complaint about a stolen mobile phone and 500 rupees for a clerk to hand over a marriage certificate. The amounts are much larger to facilitate income-tax refunds, where the standard “charge“ is 10%; sums between 5,000 and 50,000 rupees change hands. (2)But such initiatives can do little
33、 beyond allowing people to vent their anger about corruption. Kaushik Basu, the chief economic adviser to Indias finance ministry, suggests that this may be partly because the law treats both bribe-giving and bribe-taking as crimes. This makes it hard to blow the whistle on corrupt officials, becaus
34、e the bribe-giver has also broken the law. In a provocative paper based on game theory, Mr Basu argues for the legalisation of some kinds of bribe-giving. His proposal has caused a furious debate in India, with television channels even assembling panels to discuss it. (3)Some thunder that the econom
35、ist is condoning(宽恕 )corruption. But Mr Basu makes clear that paying an official to bend the rules in ones favour should continue to be illegal. The category of payments he would like to legalise are “harassment bribes“, made by a person to get things to which he is legally entitled. In such cases,
36、Mr Basu argues, the giver should be granted immunity(豁免 )from prosecution and a proven complaint should result not only in punishment for the corrupt official but also in a “refund“ for the bribe-giver. These steps, he believes, will give bribery victims the confidence to lodge complaints and encour
37、aging them to hang on to evidence of bribery. Fear of being caught should make officials more wary of asking for bribes in the first place. (4)This sounds promising in theory. But Indias courts are notoriously slow. Jean Dreze, an Indian development economist, thinks that the difficulty of pursuing
38、a legal case against a corrupt official may mean that few will complain. If so, Mr Basus idea may unintentionally result in an increase in the incidence of corruption. At least some people who would earlier have refused when asked for a bribe, Mr Dreze thinks, would now pay up. (5)Yet when the bribe
39、s are for things that are their due, refusal to pay is unrealistic for most people. The tone of those posting on the bribe-reporting website suggest that people are keen to strike back at corrupt officials. Because Mr Basus idea should make this easier, it is worth considering. So are steps such as
40、moving more transactions online, to reduce contact with officials. Fighting corruption will need more than one clever idea. 8 The author points out that may NOT be effective in _. （ A） revealing the phenomenon of corruption （ B） exposing the greedy officials to the public （ C） expressing peoples an
41、ger over corruption （ D） getting the greedy officials punished by law 9 Jean Dreze most probably agrees that Mr Basus idea is_. （ A） unreasonable （ B） thoughtless （ C） impractical （ D） ridiculous 10 As it is mentioned in the last paragraph, most people dont refuse to give a bribe when_. （ A） they ar
42、e denied what they deserve （ B） they are forced to do so （ C） their complaints will be handled quickly （ D） other people do the same 二、 SECTION B In this section there are five short answer questions based on the passages in Section A. Answer the questions with No more than TEN words in the space pr
43、ovided. 11 PASSAGE ONE 11 Regarding college students summer internships, what does the author focus on discussing? 12 PASSAGE TWO 12 What needs developing in Finca Bella vista in order to connect more tree houses? 12 PASSAGE THREE 13 Why would the headmaster tell the students to clean up the school
44、at the beginning of the term? 14 What must the small boys do to the older boys in order to be treated less violently? 15 PASSAGE FOUR 15 In what kind of bribes are the bribe-givers regarded as victims by Kaushik Basu? 专业英语四级（阅读）模拟试卷 126答案与解析 一、 SECTION A In this section there are several passages fo
45、llowed by ten multiple-choice questions. For each question, there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer. 【知识模块】 阅读 1 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 根据题干中的 Nick Clegg、 crusade等词定位到第 2段 4句。本题其实要求找到该句中 them的所指。根据该段前两句及其他句子可知该段讨论的话题是 “无薪实习 ”，第 4句所说的 Nick Cleg
46、g发起的运动就是要禁止 “无薪实习 ”。在该段中， “无薪实习 ”有多种表达： unpaid internships， unpaid placement和uncompensated internships，故本题应选 B。 【知识模块】 阅读 2 【正确 答案】 A 【试题解析】 根据题干中的 Ross Perlin定位到第 3段第 1句。本题考查对该句中 highly competitive race to the bottom of the corporate ladder的理解， the bottom of the corporate ladder字面上的意思是 “职业阶梯的最底层 ”，
47、此处指 “实习生岗位 ”。该句表明 Ross Perlin认为 “实习生岗位 ”的竞争也很激烈，由此可见，本题应选 A。该句中的 bottom并没有贬义，没有瞧不起实习职位的意思，只是客观地 指出 “实习 ”是最初级的职位，据此应排除 B；第 3段第 2句讲到 “在盈利性公司工作的实习生中有三分之一的人没有报酬 ”， C歪曲了原文的意思； D无原文依据。 【知识模块】 阅读 3 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 最后一段倒数第 2句冒号后的内容 (employers intend to hire 19 more graduates)表明职业空缺会增多，故 C的说法正确。 A与该段首句中 got
48、nowhere相反； B、 D均缺乏原文根据。 【知识模块】 阅读 【知识模块】 阅读 4 【正确答案 】 B 【试题解析】 由第 1段第 1句的 sustainable life off the grid以及最后一句中的who had enough of on-grid living。可知，建立 Finca Bellavista社区是因为人们厌倦了 on-grid的生活，因此 B与文意相反，为本题答案。由该段最后一句的created by 可知 A符合文意；根据第 1句中的 sustainable life和第 2句中的housed in a network of tree houses可知
49、 C、 D与原文意思相符。 【知识模块】 阅读 5 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 根据题干中的 plots定位到第 2段第 2句。 plot有 “故事情节；密谋，计划；小块地皮 ”等意思。该句中 where后面的内容 “新的居民可以在树上建造房屋，成为社区的新成员 ”表明， plots应该是新居民可以买来建造新房子的地方， C符合此意，为本题答案。 【知识模块】 阅读 【知识模块】 阅读 6 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 作者一开始用了两个 remember表明他对暑假返校要清除落叶一事记忆深刻。第 2段提到自己在为学校清除 落叶时，没有别的工具，唯一的工具就是手，由此可推断 “手和指尖都记得 ”是因为在大扫除中，作者的手作为唯一的清洁工具受了不少罪。在四个选项中，与 “手 ”有关的只有 A和 D， D直接来源于原文，而 A中的 were severely injured无原文依据，故本题答案为 D。 【知识模块】 阅读 7 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 根据题干中的 complaints可定位到最后一段开头两句。该段第 2句表明校长对大孩子的惩罚很轻微
