1、专业英语四级（阅读）模拟试卷 33及答案与解析 0 People traveling long distances frequently have to decide whether they would prefer to go by land, sea, or air. Hardly can anyone positively enjoy sitting in a train for more than a few hours. Train compartments soon get cramped and stuffy. Reading is only a partial solutio
2、n, for the monotonous rhythm of the wheels clicking on the rails soon lulls you to sleep. During the day, sleep comes in snatches. At night, when you really wish to go to sleep you rarely manage to do so. Inevitably you arrive at your destination almost exhausted. Long car journey are even less plea
3、sant, for it is quite impossible even to read. On motorways you can, at least, travel fairly safely at high speeds, but more often than not, the greater part of the journey is spent on narrow, bumpy roads which are crowded with traffic. By comparison, trips by sea offer a great variety of civilized
4、comforts. You can stretch your legs on the spacious decks, play games, swim, meet interesting people and enjoy good food always assuming, of course, that the sea is calm. If it is not, and you are likely to get seasick; no form of transport could be worse. Even if you travel in ideal weather, sea jo
5、urneys take a long time. Relatively few people are prepared to sacrifice up to a third of their holidays for the pleasure of traveling on a ship. Airplanes have the reputation of being dangerous and expensive. But nothing can match them for speed and comfort. Traveling at a height of 30,000 feet, fa
6、r above the clouds, and at over 500 miles an hour is an exhilarating experience. For a few hours, you settle back in a deep armchair to enjoy the flight. The real escapist can watch a free film show and sip champagne on some services. But even when such refinements are not available, there is plenty
7、 to keep you occupied. An airplane offers you an unusual and breathtaking view of the world. You soar effortlessly over high mountains and deep valleys. You really see the shape of the land. If the landscape is hidden from the view, you can enjoy the extraordinary sight of unbroken cloud plains that
8、 stretch out for miles before you, while the sun shines brilliantly in a clear sky. The journey is so smooth that there is nothing to prevent you from reading or sleeping. However you decide to spend your time, one thing is certain: you will arrive at your destination fresh and uncrumpled. 1 The aut
9、hor indicates that reading can help lessen （ A） the boredom of being in the train. （ B） the tiresome clicking of the wheels. （ C） the sleeplessness during the journey. （ D） the poor ventilation of the compartment. 2 What can we learn about the long distance journey by car? （ A） It is safe because th
10、e car usually goes at high speeds. （ B） It is monotonous because reading is quite impossible. （ C） It is exhausting because you seldom manage to sleep. （ D） It is dangerous because the traffic is always too dense. 3 Trips by sea is regarded as the worst means of traveling when （ A） the weather is te
11、rrible. （ B） the traveler has little time. （ C） the traveler feels seasick. （ D） the sea is not calm. 4 What is the greatest difference between traveling by air and the other means of traveling? （ A） Traveling by air is not so tiring as the others. （ B） Traveling by air brings more fun than the othe
12、rs. （ C） Traveling by air is much more expensive than the others. （ D） Traveling by air offers more time for sleep than the others. 5 By writing the passage, the author intends to （ A） introduce diverse ways of traveling. （ B） points out the best mode of traveling. （ C） emphasize the advantages of t
13、raveling by air. （ D） compare the means of relaxing when traveling. 5 European countries have been carefully watching the violence that exploded across France, worried that their vehicles and buildings may be the next to burn. For decades, countries across the region have been trying to integrate wa
14、ves of immigrants and their offspring, none of them completely successfully. From Paris, Lisa Bryant has more on Europes integration struggle, and the possibility that unrest in France may spread. The images of smoldering cars and destroyed buildings in France have made the front pages of newspapers
15、 from Brussels to Berlin, ever since the violence exploded two weeks ago from the Paris-area suburb of Clichy-sous-Bois. As clashes and arson attacks, largely staged by young people of African and North African descent, spread to other parts of France, many Europeans have come to the conclusion that
16、 Frances integration model has failed. But as France goes up in flames, some fear other parts of Europe may be the next to burn. Earlier this week, Belgium and Germany reported copycat arson attacks in their countries. But immigration experts, like Han Entzinger, doubts the unrest still roiling Fran
17、ce will spread to other parts of Europe. At least not right now. “Of course this is a question which is preoccupying people all over Europe, but I still think the likelihood is not really very great,“ said Mr. Entzinger. “One should never say never, but the situation in France on immigration and int
18、egration in particular is rather different from the situation in other European countries.“ Over the years, European countries have adopted radically different approaches to integrating the foreigners in their midst. Until recently, Germany and Austria embraced a guest-worker policy, based on the id
19、ea their immigrants were temporary laborers who would eventually go home. Britains immigration policy has championed multiculturalism, and offered affirmative-action programs to give minorities a leg up. Hugo Brady is an immigration expert at the Center for European Reform, in London. Like their int
20、egration policies, he says, the problems European countries face in assimilating foreigners are different as well. “While there may be regional trends within the EU, theres not one common problem regarding the integration of immigrants. The Euro-Med area like Spain, south of France, Greece have thei
21、r own particular problems of immigration for areas such as Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya,“ said Mr. Brady. And some countries, including Spain and Italy, are relative newcomers at integrating large waves of immigrants. Until now, France promoted a theoretically colorblind integration creed. The i
22、dea: All French citizens are equal, regardless of their color, religion or ethnic origin. But the last two weeks of riots has exposed deep social inequalities between immigrants and their children and those of ethnic French origin. But no European integration policy has proved entirely successful. E
23、ven Britain, which analysts say has a largely positive legacy of integrating foreigners, is no stranger to unrest, says Danielle Joly. Ms. Joly is director of the Center for Research on Ethnic Relations at the University of Warwick in England. “The kind of violence they were witnessing in France we
24、already saw 20 years ago in Britain, in the 80s,“ said Ms. Joly. “There were disturbances rampaging through all the main British cities in the 80s 81, 82, 85. And I would have said that the underpinnings were very similar to the violence in France at the moment.“ Those underpinnings include high une
25、mployment and poverty levels in immigrant communities, under-achievement at school and at work, and widespread racial discrimination. The British government responded to those riots by fully implementing a tough race relations act that had been drafted a few years before. It set up a body to monitor
26、 racial discrimination. Today, Ms. Joly says, many immigrants and their children participate in neighborhood associations and in politics. But Ms. Joly, who is of French origin, believes that Britain is no model for France. “The issue is that France and Britain, the general societies, are so very di
27、fferent. Britain is a community of communities. It is the United Kingdom. The recognition of difference and of ethnicity is not a problem in Britain, because its part of a tradition,“ she noted. 6 For decades, European countries have hoped that the immigrant problems could be solved by （ A） unifying
28、 the various ethnic groups. （ B） respecting the distinctive culture of immigrants. （ C） improving education in immigrant and their offspring. （ D） providing equal social welfare for different ethnic groups. 7 Frances integration model was regarded as a failure when （ A） clashes and arsons exploded i
29、n France two weeks ago. （ B） violence spread from Paris to other parts of France. （ C） copycat arsons attacked two other European countries. （ D） the immigrants began to destroy cars and buildings. 8 Han Entzinger points out that other countries （ A） will not get involved in the violence. （ B） dont
30、have to worry about the unrest. （ C） have different integration models from France. （ D） should give up their present immigration rules. 9 Who shared the same opinion regarding immigration? （ A） Han Entzinger and Danielle Joly. （ B） Danielle Joly and Hugo Brady. （ C） Lisa Bryant and Han Entzinger. （
31、 D） Hugo Brady and Han Entzinger. 10 The “underpinnings“ can also be classified as items included in （ A） the social inequalities. （ B） the legacy of integrating immigrants. （ C） the colorblind integration creed. （ D） the modes of violence. 11 What does Danielle Joly think of the race relations act
32、in Britain? （ A） It can serve as a successful example for France. （ B） It is being satisfactorily carried out. （ C） It is not completely suitable for Britain. （ D） It is quite ineffective in erasing racial discrimination. 11 Hawaiis native minority is demanding a greater degree of sovereignty over i
33、ts own affairs. But much of the archipelagos political establishment, which includes the White Americans who dominated until the second world war and people of Japanese, Chinese and Filipino origin, is opposed to the idea. The islands were annexed by the US in 1898 and since then Hawaiis native peop
34、les have fared worse than any of its other ethnic groups. They make up over 60 per cent of the states homeless, suffer higher levels of unemployment and their life span is five years less than the average Hawai-ians. They are the only major US native group without some degree of autonomy. But a sove
35、reignty advisory committee set up by Hawaiis first native governor, John Waihee, has given the natives cause a major boost by recommending that the Hawaiian natives decide by themselves whether to reestablish a sovereign Hawaiian nation. However, the Hawaiian natives are not united in their demands.
36、 Some just want greater autonomy within the state as enjoyed by many American Indian natives over matters such as education. This is a position supported by the Office of Hawaiian Affairs(OHA), a state agency set up in 1978 to represent the natives interests and which has now become the moderate fac
37、e of the native sovereignty movement. More ambitious is the Ka Lahui group, which declared itself a new nation in 1987 and wants full, official independence from the US. But if Hawaiian natives are given greater autonomy, it is far from clear how many people this will apply to. The state authorities
38、 only count as native those people with more than 50 per cent Hawaiian blood. Native demands are not just based on political grievances, though. They also want their claim on 660,000 hectares of Hawaiian crown land to be accepted. It is on this issue that native groups are facing most opposition fro
39、m the state authorities. In 1993, the state government paid the OHA US$ 136 million in back rent on the crown land and many officials say that by accepting this payment the agency has given up its claims to legally own the land. The OHA has vigorously disputed this. 12 Hawaiis native minority refers
40、 to （ A） Hawaiis ethnic groups. （ B） people of Filipino origin. （ C） the Ka Lahui group. （ D） people with 50% Hawaiian blood. 13 Which of the following statements is true of the Hawaiian natives? （ A） Sixty percent of them are homeless or unemployed. （ B） Their life span is 5 years shorter than aver
41、age Americans. （ C） Their life is worse than that of other ethnic groups in Hawaii. （ D） They are the only native group without sovereignty. 14 Which of the following is NOT true of John Waihee? （ A） He is Hawaiis first native governor. （ B） He has set up a sovereignty advisory committee. （ C） He su
42、ggested the native people decide for themselves. （ D） He is leading the local independence movement. 15 Which of the following groups holds a less radical attitude on the matter of sovereignty? （ A） American Indian natives. （ B） Office of Hawaiian Affairs. （ C） The Ka Lahui group. （ D） The Hawaiian
43、natives. 16 Various native Hawaiians demand all the following EXCEPT （ A） a greater autonomy within the state. （ B） more back rent on the crown land. （ C） a claim on the Hawaiian crown land. （ D） full independence from the US. 16 I am one of the many city people who are always saying that given the
44、choice we would prefer to live in the country away from the dirt and noise of a large city. I have managed to convince myself that if it werent for my job I would immediately head out for the open spaces and go back to nature in some sleepy village buried in the country. But how realistic is the dre
45、am? Cities can be frightening places. The majority of the population live in massive tower blocks, noisy, dirty and impersonal. The sense of belonging to a community tends to disappear when you live fifteen floors up. All you can see from your window is sky, or other blocks of flats. Children become
46、 aggressive and nervous cooped up at home all day, with nowhere to play; their mothers feel isolated from the rest of the world. Strangely enough, whereas in the past the inhabitants of one street all knew each other, nowadays people on the same floor in tower blocks dont even say hello to each othe
47、r. Country life, on the other hand, differs from this kind of isolated existence in that a sense of community generally binds the inhabitants of small villages together. People have the advantage of knowing that there is always someone to turn to when they need help. But country life has disadvantag
48、es too. While it is true that you may be among friends in a village, it is also true that you are cut off from the exciting and important events that take place in cities. Theres little possibility of going to a new show or the latest movie. Shopping becomes a major problem, and for anything slightl
49、y out of the ordinary you have to go on an expedition to the nearest large town. The city-dweller who leaves for the country is often oppressed by a sense of unbearable stillness and quiet. What, then, is the answer? The country has the advantage of peace and quiet, but suffers from the disadvantage of being cut off; the city breeds a feeling of isolation, and constant noise batters the senses. But one of its main advantages is that you are at the centre of things, and that life doesnt come to an end at half-past nine at night. Some people have found(or rathe
