1、专业英语四级（阅读）模拟试卷 38及答案与解析 0 While the 1970s pop psychotherapy movement focused on the importance of letting anger out, more recent research suggests that theres a smarter, healthier way to react to lifes slings and arrows; with forgiveness. In a recent study, it was found that when individuals were ab
2、out to forgive, they experienced greater joy, a more profound sense of control over life and less depression. Sound appealing. a)Why holding a grudge can be harmful? Your boyfriend blows you off for an important date. If you stay angry at him, youll probably get fresh flowers on your doorstep and ma
3、ybe a fancy meal or two. But grudge-holding only gives us the illusion of power. If you hold on to that anger on a chronic basis, then it has power over you, eating away at your peace of mind and perhaps even your immune system. A study by Kathleen Lawler, Ph. D., a psychology professor at the Unive
4、rsity of Tennessee, confirms that people who are unable to forgive report more stress in their lives, more illness and more visits to the doctor than do forgiving folk. b)Going from a grudge to forgiveness A few ways to develop your capacity to turn the other cheek Try writing a daily “forgiveness“
5、reminder in your journal; it may sound corny, but its a great way to help gain control over your emotional life. Write a letter to your offender, detailing exactly whats bothering you. Then toss it. Youll feel better, even if your message never reaches its intended target. What, exactly, makes your
6、blood boil? Forgiveness isnt about swallowing anger or being a doormat Its not about forgetting, either. On the contrary, its about acknowledging an offence with your eyes wide open and then releasing the anger. That means conjuring unempathy toward the person who hurt you, then focusing on the good
7、 parts of your life. c)An act of courage Still not convinced that its worth it to put your energies toward forgiving? Besides the benefits to your psyche and physical health, true forgiveness is a sign of strength and soulfulness. “It takes a lot of moral muscle to forgive,“ says Dr. Witvleit of Hop
8、e College in Michigan. The bottom line: Forgiving ultimately benefits the forgiver more than the person who has done wrong. So start putting your own well-being first, and live life with as much interest and love as you can. 1 Forgiveness has the following advantages except that （ A） it enables peop
9、le to be smarter. （ B） it makes people more cheerful. （ C） it helps people to be healthier. （ D） it relieves peoples frustration. 2 According to the passage, if you keep feeling angry for a long time, （ A） the one who has done wrong will keep sending you presents. （ B） the one who has done wrong wil
10、l ultimately apologize to you. （ C） you will have power over the one who has done wrong to you. （ D） you will gradually lose control over your mind and your health. 3 The author thinks when one forgives, （ A） he endures the offence without complaints. （ B） he tries his best to forget the bad experie
11、nce. （ C） he does not cling to the past but welcomes the bright side of life. （ D） he does not carry out revenge but reminds himself of the offence. 4 Dr. Witvleit thinks （ A） to forgive benefits ones physical health. （ B） to forgive benefits ones mental health. （ C） to forgive costs ones time and e
12、nergy. （ D） to forgive shows ones spiritual virtue. 5 The author most probably wants to （ A） inform the reader. （ B） instruct the reader. （ C） compare two ways of treating anger. （ D） focus on the advantage of forgiving. 5 Archaeologists using DNA testing said they have identified a mummy discovered
13、 more than a century ago as Queen Hatshepsut, Egypts most powerful female pharaoh. The discovery has not been independently reviewed by other experts. The mummy was discovered in 1903 in the Valley of the Kings, but it was left in place until two months ago. Archaeologists then took the mummy to the
14、 Cairo Museum for testing, said Egypts antiquities chief Zahi Hawass. Hawass has been searching for the queen for about a year, setting up a DNA lab in the basement of the Cairo Museum. The study was funded by The Discovery Channel, which is set to air an exclusive documentary on the find in July. H
15、awass said the key clue was a molar. It was found in a jar bearing the queens emblem and containing some of her well-preserved organs. The tooth fit a gap in the mummys jaw. Hawass team is still conducting DNA testing that they hope could help confirm the find. “We are 100 percent certain“ that the
16、mummy is that of Hatshepsut, Hawass told The Associated Press. Hatshepsut ruled Egypt in the 15th century B.C. and was known for dressing like a man and wearing a false beard. When her reign ended, all traces of her disappeared. Her 22-year rule ended in 1453 B.C. and was the longest among ancient E
17、gyptian queens. The mummy identified as Hatshepsut died in her 50s, Hawass said. He said she was obese and probably had diabetes and liver cancer. When the mummy was discovered, the left hand was positioned against her chest, which is a traditional sign of royalty in ancient Egypt. But other Egyptol
18、ogists are not as certain that the mummy is Hatshepsut. Molecular biologist Scott Woodward, director of the Sorenson Molecular Genealogy Foundation in Salt Lake City, was cautious about the announcement. “Its a very difficult process to obtain DNA from a mummy,“ Woodward said “To make a claim as to
19、a relationship, you need other individuals from which you have obtained DNA, to make a comparison between the DNA sequences.“ Such DNA material would typically come from parents or grandparents. With female mummies, the most common type of DNA to look for is the mitochondrial DNA that reveals matern
20、al lineage, Woodward said. Molecular geneticist Yehia Zakaria Gad, who is part of Hawass team, said DNA samples were taken from the mummys pelvis and femur, so that more genetic tests can be run that compare the mummy to the queens grandmother, Amos Nefreteri, who was previously identified. Gad said
21、 preliminary results are “very encouraging.“ Molecular biologist Paul Evans of the Brigham Young University in Provo, Utah, said the discovery would be remarkable if the mummy is indeed Hatshepsut. “Hatshepsut is an individual who has a unique place in Egypts history. To have her identified is on th
22、e same magnitude as King Tuts discovery,“ Evans said. Hatshepsut is believed to have stolen the throne from her young stepson, Thutmose HI. Hatshepsuts funerary temple is located in ancient Thebes on the west bank of the Nile in Luxor, a multi-column sandstone temple built to serve as tribute to her
23、 power. But after her death, her name was erased from the records in what is believed to have been her stepsons revenge. She was one of the most prolific builder pharaohs of ancient Egypt, commissioning hundreds of projects throughout both Upper and Lower Egypt. Almost every major museum in the worl
24、d today has a collection of Hatshepsut statues. 6 What did Hawass reveal about his teams research of the mummy? （ A） They began to be interested in the mummy about a year ago. （ B） They have confirmed me mummy as Hatshepsut. （ C） They unearthed the mummy only two month ago. （ D） They keep the mummy
25、in the basemen of the Cairo Museum. 7 The Discovery Channel is most probably going to publicize the finding of Hawass team （ A） on a TV program. （ B） in a magazine article. （ C） at a historical seminar. （ D） as a research report. 8 The molar found in a jar is actually （ A） the symbol of the royal fa
26、mily. （ B） one of the internal organs. （ C） one of the mummys teeth. （ D） the coffin in which the mummy lay. 9 Other Egyptologists would most likely to agree that （ A） the mummy was a member of royal family. （ B） Hatshepsut possibly died of fatal diseases. （ C） DNA testing is unreliable. （ D） Hatshe
27、psuts relations are nowhere to find. 10 It is believed that all traces of Hatshepsut disappeared after her reign because （ A） she was the only female pharaoh in history. （ B） she was famous for her merciless rule. （ C） of the secret location of her burial temple. （ D） of her stepsons retaliation aga
28、inst her. 11 Hearing about Hawass identification the mummy as Hatshepsut, Paul Evans is （ A） encouraged. （ B） cautious. （ C） arbitrary. （ D） proud. 11 A blind baby is doubly handicapped. Not only is it unable to see, but because it cannot receive the visual stimulus from its environment that a sight
29、ed child does, it is likely to be slow in intellectual development. Now the ten-month old son of Dr. and Mrs. Dennis Daughters is the subject of an unusual psychological experiment designed to prevent a lag in the learning process. With the aid of a sonar-type electronic that he wears on his head, i
30、nfant Dennis is learning to identify the people and objects in the world around him by means of echoes. The device is a refinement of the “Sonicguide“, an instrument produced by Telesensory Systems, Inc., of Palo Alto, Calif., and used by blind adults in addition to a sane or guide dog. As adapted f
31、or Dennis, it consists of a battery-powered system about the size of a half dollar that is on a headgear. A transmitter emits an ultrasonic pulse that creates an 80 degree cone of sound at 6 feet. Echoes from objects within the cone are perceived as sounds that vary in pitch and volume with the size
32、 and distance of the object. The closer an object is, the lower the pitch, and the larger the object, the louder the signal. Hard surfaces produce a sharp ping, while soft ones send back signals with a slightly fuzzy quality. An object slightly to the right of Dennys sends back a louder sound to his
33、 right ear than to the left. Thus, by simply moving his head right and left and up and down, he can not only locate an object but also get some notion of its shape and size, thanks to the varying qualities of sounds reaching his ears as the cone of ultrasound passes its edges. Dennis likes to use th
34、e device to play a kind of peek-a-boo with his mother. Standing on her knee and facing her directly, he receives a strong signal in both ears. By turning his head away, he makes her seem to disappear. “From the first time he wore it,“ says Mrs. Daughters, “it was like a light going on in his head.“
35、What remains to be determined is how well the device will help Dennis cope with his surroundings as he begins to walk and venture further into his environment. Meanwhile, Telesensory, Inc. is working on the development of sonar device with somewhat the same sensitivity as Denniss for use by school-a
36、ge children. 12 Dr. and Mrs. Daughters research is directed to （ A） helping the blind to see and learn as well as others. （ B） facilitating the learning process of blind children. （ C） solving blind childrens psychological problems. （ D） finding out how children develop intellectually. 13 Infant Den
37、nis becomes the subject of the experiment most probably because （ A） he already lags behind the sighted children. （ B） he leads a life as normal as any other children. （ C） he is at the early stage of the learning process. （ D） he has the aid of a sonar-type electronic device. 14 What can we learn a
38、bout infant Dennis device? （ A） Its prototype was designed for blind adults. （ B） Its battery is as small as a half-dollar coin. （ C） It is functionally similar to a sane and guide dog. （ D） It has been improved by Telesensory Systems, Inc. 15 In the 7th line of the third paragraph, “its edge“ refer
39、s to （ A） the edge of an object. （ B） the edge of the device. （ C） the boundary of Dennis movement. （ D） the boundary of the sound pitch. 16 What is Telesensory Systems, Inc. most likely to think about infant Dennis device? （ A） It had better be used by blind children from school age. （ B） It needs
40、improving for use in a complicated environment. （ C） It may not be so suitable for the blind adults. （ D） It benefits blind children in terms of learning. 16 Northern lights is the name of a light phenomenon often seen in the northern regions. The lights have been around since Earth formed an atmosp
41、here the dinosaurs saw it, early humans saw it and our descendants will see it. The scientific name for the phenomenon is “Aurora Borealis“, aurora for short. An aurora is a sporadic, generally faint, atmospheric phenomenon usually seen in the night sky from locations at high latitudes. More commonl
42、y known as the “northern lights,“ it may first appear as a faint, milky glow low in the north, too dim for the human eye to detect any color but bright enough to silhouette clouds near the horizon. It may develop into steady greenish arcs or form glaring, swirling curtains of yellow-green light. Dur
43、ing the most dramatic displays visible from regions at middle latitudes, such as central Europe and the United States, a crimson glow fills much of the sky. It was this form that inspired European scientists of the 1600s to call the phenomenon aurora borealis, literally “northern dawn,“ but it also
44、occurs at high southern latitudes, where it is formally called aurora australis, “southern dawn.“ The same processes are at work in both hemispheres not just on Earth, but on other planets as well and today, scientists simply refer to this phenomenon as an aurora. The ghostly forms of an aurora incl
45、ude quiescent patches, veils, and arcs, and rapidly moving rays and curtains. Many historical accounts of the northern lights from areas far south of its usual location exist. An early Chinese record describes it as a “red cloud spreading all over the sky.“ The Roman philosopher Seneca wrote that an
46、 aurora in A.D. 37 tricked the emperor into sending troops to aid what he thought was the burning seaport of Ostia, “when the glowing of the sky lasted through a great part of the night, shining dimly like a vast and smoking fire.“ In 1583, similar “fires in the air“ mobilized thousands of French pi
47、lgrims, who prayed to avert the wrath of God. On September 15, 1839, an intense aurora dispatched firefighters throughout London. What causes the showers of charged particles that create the northern lights? Ultimately, the source lies in the solar wind, a fast-moving stream of particles constantly
48、flowing from the Sun that carries the Suns magnetic field out into space. The solar wind, typically moving at 250 miles(400 kilometers)per second, flows past Earths magnetic field and molds it into an elongated bubble or cavity, compressing its sunward side and stretching its night side far beyond t
49、he Moons orbit. Under certain conditions, the solar winds magnetic field can merge with Earths, creating electrical currents that drive protons and electrons into the polar atmosphere. Powerful events occurring on the Sun can drive enormous changes in the solar wind, increasing both its speed and density and enhancing its effect on Earth. 17 According to the passage, an aurora can be an atmospheric phenomenon EXCEPT that is seen （ A） in the night sky at high southern latitudes. （ B） in the night sky at high northern latitudes. （ C）
