1、专业英语四级（阅读）模拟试卷 75及答案与解析 0 Americans often say that there are only two things a person can be sure of in life: death and taxes. Americans do not have a corner on the “ death“ market, but many people feel that the United States leads the world with the most taxes. Taxes consist of the money which peop
2、le pay to support their government. There are generally three levels of government in the United States; federal, state, and city; therefore, there are three types of taxes. Salaried people who earn more than a few thousand dollars must pay a certain percen-tage of their salaries to the federal gove
3、rnment. The percentage varies from person to person. It depends on their salaries. The federal government has a graduated income tax, that is, the percentage of the tax(14 to 70 percent)increases as a persons income increases. With the high cost of taxes, people are not very happy on April 15, when
4、the federal taxes are due. The second tax is for the state government; New York, California, North Dakota, or any of the other forty-seven states. Some states have an income tax similar to that of the federal government. Of course, the percentage for the state tax is lower. Other states have a sales
5、 tax, which is a percentage charged to any item which you buy in that state. For example, a person might want to buy a packet of cigarettes for twenty-five cents. If there is a sales tax of eight percent in that state, then the cost of the cigarettes is twenty-seven cents. This figure includes the s
6、ales tax. Some states use income tax in addition to sales tax to raise their revenues. The state tax laws are diverse and confusing. The third tax is for the city. This tax comes in two forms: property tax(people who own a home have to pay taxes on it)and excise tax, which is charged on cars in a ci
7、ty. The cities use these funds for education, police and fire departments, public works and municipal buildings. Since Americans pay such high taxes, they often feel that they are working one day each week just to pay their taxes. People always complain about taxes. They often protest that the gover
8、nment uses their tax dollars in the wrong way. They say that it spends too much on useless and impractical programs. Although Americans have different views on many issues, they tend to agree on one subject; taxes are too high. 1 What does the sentence “Americans do not have a comer on the death mar
9、ket“ in Paragraph 1 mean? （ A） Americans cannot monopolize the “death“ market. （ B） Americans do not have a secret place to keep from death in their life. （ C） Americans are not good at doing business in the “death“ market. （ D） There is no such a place as a “death“ market in the U. S. 2 Whats the a
10、ttitude of the Americans towards the high taxes? （ A） Taking them easily. （ B） Trying to resist them. （ C） Taking them as their duty. （ D） Complaining and protesting. 3 Which of the following is CORRECT about the percentage of the federal tax and the state tax? （ A） They have the same percentage. （
11、B） The percentage of the state tax is higher than that of the federal tax. （ C） The percentage of the federal tax is higher than that of the state tax. （ D） It is not mentioned in the passage. 4 Which of the following is INCORRECT according to the passage? （ A） Excise tax is charged on cars. （ B） Th
12、ere is a unified state tax laws. （ C） Income tax increases as a persons income increases. （ D） Some states have both an income tax and a sales tax. 5 Which of the following usages of the taxes is NOT mentioned in the passage? （ A） For raising their revenues. （ B） For public works and municipal build
13、ings. （ C） For police and fire departments. （ D） For sustaining development. 5 According to the American College Health Associations most recent annual national survey, 30 percent of college students reported feeling “so depressed that it was difficult to function“ at some time over the past year. N
14、early three fourths of respondents in a 2011 National Alliance on Mental Illness study of college students diagnosed with mental health conditions said they experienced a mental health crisis while in school. The Americans with Disabilities Act(ADA)and other federal disability laws prohibit discrimi
15、nation against students whose psychiatric(精神病的 )disabilities “substantially limit a major life activity“ and mandates that colleges and universities provide them with “reasonable accommodations“ such as lower course loads and extended deadlines. Despite that very clearly stated law, dozens of curren
16、t students across the country told Newsweek they were punished for seeking help: kicked out of campus housing with nowhere else to go, abruptly forced to withdraw from school and even involuntarily committed to psychiatric wards. “Colleges are very accustomed to accommodating learning and physical d
17、isabilities, but they dont understand simple ways of accommodating mental health disabilities,“ says Professor Peter Lake, an expert on higher education law and policy who sees widespread fear and reluctance across the board to “promote diversity that encompasses mental disabilities and mood disorde
18、rs. “ Lake often tells skeptics about a man who suffered from clinical depression and constantly talked about suicide: His name was Abraham Lincoln. “We dont want to remove these people,“ Lake says. “We want to expand the definition of diversity to make sure theyre included. “ Most lifetime cases of
19、 mental health conditions begin by the age of 24, and thanks to a variety of factors, including rising antidepressant(抗抑郁药 )prescription rates and stigma reduction efforts, college students are more and more likely to ask campus counselors for assistance. The number of students seeking counseling fo
20、r “severe“ psychological problems jumped from 16 percent in 2000 to 39 percent in 2012; the percentage of students who report suicidal thoughts has risen along with it. “Schools should encourage students to seek treatment. But a lot of policies I see involve excessive use of discipline and involunta
21、ry leaves of absence, and they discourage students from asking for the help they need,“ says Karen Bower, a private attorney who specializes in disability discrimination cases in higher education. “Ultimately, that makes the campus less safe. “ Two large-scale studies found that around 10 percent of
22、 college student respondents had thought about suicide in the past year, but only 1.5 percent admitted to having made a suicide attempt. Combined with data from other studies, that suggests that the odds that a student with suicidal thoughts will actually commit suicide are 1,000 to 1. “Thus, polici
23、es that impose restrictions on students who manifest suicidal thought will sweep in 999 students who would not commit suicide for every student who will end his or her life,“ Paul S. Appelbaum writes in Law depression-free periods following episodes of depression; unexplained behavior and mood chang
24、es. For most other cases of seasonal mood changes, Lieberman says making some lifestyle changes such as exercising or keeping good sleeping habits can help. “Its important to realize that just like people on Mondays have physical and emotional symptoms, you deal with it. You dont take a treatment fo
25、r Mondays. “ It only warrants treatment when it starts to interfere with daily life, he says. What about the bright light lamps that claim to relieve depression during the darker months? Theyre based on the idea that light therapy can boost melatonin(褪黑激素 )levels, and also serotonin(血清素 )in the brai
26、n higher levels of serotonin between nerve connections can have anti-depressive effects. But as appealing as that sounds, Lieberman says there isnt solid evidence behind it. “Light therapy is not a fake, but the evidence is not that strong,“ he says. “But since its not invasive, it also isnt harmful
27、except perhaps to your budget. “ So if youre not feeling your usual cheerful self this winter, see your doctor. If he doesnt diagnose you with SAD, try adding some physical activity to your day and getting regular sleep. And remember that spring is just a few months away. 16 We can learn from the pa
28、ssage that SAD is_. （ A） a common condition among people （ B） a term referring to the winter dumps （ C） a term not being totally understood （ D） a term of evolutionary biology 17 According to the Mayo Clinic, a SAD diagnosis includes all of the following EXCEPT_. （ A） strange behavior and uneven moo
29、d （ B） depression in the same season for more than two years （ C） intervals among depression periods （ D） weariness of doing exercises and sleeping difficulties 18 According to Paragraph 5, which of the following is CORRECT? （ A） It is necessary to look for treatment when mood changes. （ B） Exercisi
30、ng is beneficial to ease seasonal mood changes. （ C） People should keep a good mood on Mondays. （ D） Seasonal mood changes will not interfere with daily life. 19 What is Liebermans attitude towards light therapy? （ A） Supportive. （ B） Opposed. （ C） Neutral. （ D） Indifferent. 20 What does the passage
31、 mainly talk about? （ A） Winter is a harsh season to keep good mental health. （ B） SAD is neglected by us and should be taken seriously. （ C） The truth about seasonal affective disorder. （ D） The relationship between season and mental health. 专业英语四级（阅读）模拟试卷 75答案与解析 【知识模块】 阅读 1 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 语义题。根据
32、第一段第二句 ， but many people feel that the United States leads the world with themost taxes中的 leads可知，美国 引领税务领域，同时 have a corner on sth的意思是 “垄断 ”，所以 A为正确答案。 B、 C和 D均是对这句话的曲解，故均可排除。 【知识模块】 阅读 2 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 态度题。从文章第三段最后一句 with the high cost of taxes， people are not very happy on April15， when the fede
33、ral taxes are due和最后一段中的People always complain about taxes They oftenprotest that 可以看出，美国人常常抱怨高额税务，并抗议政府乱花纳税人的钱，因此 D为正确答案。 【知识模块】 阅读 3 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 细节题。从第四段第三句 Of course， the percentage for the state tax is lower可以判断出，联邦税的比例要比州税的比例大，因此选 C。 【知识模块】 阅读 4 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 细节题。从第四段末句 The state tax laws
34、 are diverse and confusing可知， B与原文内容不符，故为正确答案。 A可以从第五段找到， C可以从第四段找到， D的依据也可以从第四段找到，故均排除。 【知识模块】 阅读 5 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 推理题。 A“用于增加政府收入 ”、 B“用于公共工作和市政建设 ”、 C“用于警局和消防部门 ”这三项在文章第四、五段中都可以找到。但文中没有提到 D“用于可持续发展 ”，所以 D是正确答案。 【知识模块】 阅读 【知识模块】 阅读 6 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 细节题。第一段第二句提到， 2011年，被心理疾病联盟诊断为心理健康状况不佳的大学生中，有接近
35、四分之三的受访者称曾在学校经历过心理健康危机。由此可知，只是受访者中有 75的学生曾在学校中经历过心理健康危机，而不是所有学生中的 75， B扩大了范围，故为答案。根据第一段第一句可知，根据美国大学健康协会最新年度的全国调查，有 30的学生称，在过去的一年中，有些时候会感到 “如此沮丧，难以正常生活 ”，故排除 A；根据第一段第三句可知，美国残疾人法案和其他联邦残疾法规都有规定，不得对 “严重影响主要生活活动 ”的精神残疾学生有所歧视，并要求院方为他们进行 “合理的调整 ”，比如减轻课业压力、延长最后期限，故排除 C和 D。 【知识模块】 阅读 7 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 细节题。第二
36、段第一句提到，有精神问题的学生会因为寻求帮助而受到惩罚：他们被赶出学校宿舍以至于无处可去，被毫无征兆地勒令退学，甚至被强制送去精神科病房，分别对应 A、 B和 C，故均排除，因此选 D。 【知识模块】 阅读 8 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 细节题。根据第三段第一句可知，多亏一些因素，包括抗抑郁处方受众率的提高及减少歧视的努力，大学生越来越愿意向咨询师寻求帮助，故选A，同时排除 B。 C和 D均未提及，故可排除。 【知识模块】 阅读 9 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 推理题。第四段提到，很多政策都有过度惩罚和强制学生离校之嫌，而且学校不鼓励学生寻求应有的帮助。最终，这会让学校变得更加不安全
37、。由此可推知，不鼓励学生寻求帮助会导致安全问题，故选 C，同时排除 A。 B和 D在文中并未提及，故均可排除。 【知识模块】 阅读 10 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 推理题。第五段第二句提到，与其他的研究数据结合起来看，这一差距说明，在有过自杀想法的人中，只有千分之一的人最终自杀了，故选 C。 A在文中并未提 及，故排除；根据第五段第一句可知，有大约 10的大学生受访者曾想过自杀，同时，仅有 1 5的人坦然承认曾有过自杀的尝试，故排除 B;D在文中并未提及，故排除。 【知识模块】 阅读 11 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 态度题。第六段提到，艾拉 伯尼姆认为把精神健康有问题的学生踢出学校
38、弊大于利，这就把他们隔离于可以提供支援的系统之外，他们真正需要的是安定感和同理心。而且，这常常是一种完全没有必要的过度反应，故选 B。文中并未提及这种做法在如今是否是不可避免的，故排除 A； C和 D在文中均未提及，故排除。 【知识模块】 阅读 【知识模块】 阅读 12 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 细节题。根据第七段第二句可知，近几年，保守派出版市场变得繁荣起来，保守派作家的书时常登上畅销书榜单，所以 D“保守派作者的作品鲜少登上畅销榜单 ”的表述错误，而且这也不是贝娄的观点，故选 D。根据第三段可知，贝娄称该文集的畅销已经成为一种现象，故排除 A；根据第六段首句可知，贝娄对于文集的畅销感
39、到惊讶，故排除 B；根据第六段最后一句可知，贝娄认为，出版界的集体经验是，文集的销 路不会太好，故排除 C。 【知识模块】 阅读 13 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 语义题。第八段开头提到，没有几本书的销量可以和克劳特哈默的作品相媲美，尤其是与之前的文集相比。紧接着提到，贝娄说： “这一水平的任何事物在很大程度上 ” 可见， serendipitous在这里应该表达 “偶然的 ”之意，故选A。 BSuspicious意为 “可疑的，怀疑的 ”， CDelighted意为 “高兴的，欣喜的 ”， DProsperous意为 “繁荣的，兴旺的 ”，以上三项均不符合此处句意，故排除。 【知识模块】
40、 阅读 14 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 推理题。根据第九段第二句可知，贝娄解释到：当这本书成为最畅销的作品时，这一事实如同广告的效果一样。可以推知，成为畅销书这一事实本身就可以引发关注，故选 B。 A“成功与广告有着密切的关系 ”，文中没有提及，故排除；根据第九段后半部分可知， Barnes&Noble是一家书店，排除 C； D“消费者买书时依据 B F斯金纳的实验结果 ”，文中未提及，故排除。 【知识模块】 阅读 15 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 态 度题。纵观全文可知，本篇文章讲述的是保守派作家的新书重要事情的良好市场表现及其原因，但是从行文来看，作者的态度不偏不倚，比较客观，故
41、选 A，同时排除 B“漠不关心的 ”、 C“乐观的 ”和 D“批判的 ”。 【知识模块】 阅读 【知识模块】 阅读 16 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 细节题。第二段提到， SAD是一种没有被完全理解的精神障碍，也是被进化生物学的作用复杂化了的问题，故选 C，同时排除 D。根据第二段第一句可知， SAD经常泛指冬季低谷期，但是，专家称这个概念常被错 误地使用，这种情况实际上并没有人们想象的那么普遍，故排除 A和 B。 【知识模块】 阅读 17 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 细节题。第四段最后一句提到，根据梅约诊所的标准， SAD的确诊需要符合以下条件：至少连续两年内在同一季节有抑郁和其他症
42、状；忧郁期之间有间隔；不容易解释的行为和情绪变化。分别对应 B、 C和 A，故选 D。 【知识模块】 阅读 18 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 细节题。第五段第一句提到，对于季节性情绪变化的很多其他案例来说，尝试一些生活方 式的改变也有所帮助，比如锻炼、保持良好的睡眠习惯。由此可知，锻炼对于减轻季节性情绪变化有好处，故选 B。根据第五段最后一句可知，当其开始影响日常生活的时候，才需要治疗，故排除 A； C和 D文中没有提及，故均排除。 【知识模块】 阅读 19 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 态度题。在第六段中，利伯曼说： “光疗法并不是什么谬论，不过证据也不是很有力。但是因为没有什么破坏性，也不会造成伤害一一除了或许会让人破费钱财外。 ”由此可知，他对于光疗法的态度是 “中立的 ”，故选 C。 A“支持的 ”、 B“反对的 ”和 D“漠不关心的 ”均可排除。 【知识模块】 阅读 20 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 主旨题。本文依次讲述了 SAD的基本状况、诊断依据和治疗手段，由此可知，本文主旨是对 SAD真实情况的科学普及，故选 C，其他三项均以偏概全，故排除。 【知识模块】 阅读
