1、专业英语四级（阅读）模拟试卷 58及答案与解析 0 My job is to provide relevant, factually accurate information that is interesting, useful and entertaining to my readers, be they Brainstorm or ITWeb readers. My job is not to get your corporate message across. If you want to get your corporate message out to the market tak
2、e an advertisement, or, failing that, do a good enough job that your clients get your message and spread it for you, then you wouldnt be so desperate that you have to attempt to force me to do it. Secondly, my job is to take information from any sources as I feel are relevant or necessary, and proce
3、ss it into one smooth, seamless story that makes sense, and is easy and pleasant to read. It is not my job to print every single word of jargon and marketing waffle that spews from your lips. Should you choose to spew jargon and marketing waffle during an interview, it will not be used. Try plain, s
4、imple English in future. What my job reminds me of is to use comments and quotes that provide knowledge and insight, not to use anything you have said merely because you have said it. What I use and what I do not use in a story is my privilege. Should I choose not to use your quote there is nothing
5、you can do about it. Further, my job is to write stories that my readers want to read, thus keeping the magazine or websites ideas alive and kicking, and thus providing advertisers with an audience to advertise to. Should I write what you want me to write my readers will stop reading and you will ha
6、ve no vehicle for your marketing and advertising. Additionally, should you have a hissy fit and threaten to pull your ads, or never advertise again, because I ran a story you did not like, or did not use your quotes, or looked at you funny when you were having a bad day, you are not going to get a s
7、ympathetic response. You will get a positive and professional response. Nice people will kindly attempt to explain to you about press freedom, and what is enshrined in SAs constitution, and that “really, really, were sorry but advertising people have no control over what those journalists do“. What
8、you will get from me is the pleasure of never being interviewed by me again. I will not be blackmailed. I will not be bullied. And I most certainly will not interview you again, knowing that if you happen to take an ad for that feature you will assume I am running your quotes to keep you happy. Conv
9、ersely, I will not do an interview knowing that if I do not run your quotes you will assume it is because you have not taken an ad. So the next time you have the urge to ask me if you can approve copy, or tell my sales team that you will not take an ad unless you are guaranteed editorial, remember t
10、he above and think about what you are actually doing. You are asking me to compromise my ethics, credibility, reputation, integrity and ultimately my career and I will not do that for you or anyone. 1 The author suggests that corporate message should be sent to the consumers primarily by （ A） commit
11、ting to advertising. （ B） improving product quality. （ C） spreading public praise. （ D） attracting more readers. 2 According to the author, jargon and marketing waffle are （ A） irrelevant. （ B） unintelligible. （ C） professional. （ D） monotonous. 3 The author writes most probably in order to chiefly
12、satisfy （ A） his desire. （ B） the editors. （ C） the media. （ D） his readers. 4 When the author refuses to take the clients quotes, he doesnt expect them to think （ A） that he is being blackmailed. （ B） it is because they have taken an ad. （ C） it is because they have not taken an ad. （ D） that he is
13、 being professional. 5 It can be assumed that the author is （ A） a novelist. （ B） an advertiser. （ C） a journalist. （ D） an interviewer. 5 Ah, praise. So powerful are simple words of approval and admiration that the late psychologist B. F. Skinner once called praise giving “the greatest tool in beha
14、vior modification“. Yet precisely because praise is such heady stuff, motivation researchers warn of its psychological perils. Although the researchers agree that encouragement is essential for everyone, studies have found that poorly chosen words of praise can be as manipulative as any other reward
15、 and just as destructive to creativity, perseverance and performance. Even behaviorists who advocate heavy use of praise for positive reinforcement in the classroom warn that its power can easily be missed. Such condemnation of simple good words is difficult even for those who can clearly see the de
16、structive potential of gold stars and other glittery enticements. But in fact, Kohn argues, praise should not always be considered a synonym for human kindness. Children, he argues, can become Completely dependent on praise and in that emotional process lose any love of doing things for their own sa
17、ke. Experiments show, for example, that children who are praised for being generous with others actually end up being less generous than those who received no strokes. Praise has also been shown to have very disruptive effects on confidence, concentration and performance. People who receive praise o
18、ften become so self-conscious of their temporary good standing that they cannot focus on the task at hand, or alternatively they simply avoid challenging themselves in order to prevent the possibility of failure. Case Western Reserve University researcher Roy F. Baumeister found that compliments are
19、 an effective way to increase pressure, making a person more likely to “choke“. Subjects who were praised just before a test of video skills consistently performed worse than did those who were not. And students who were heavily praised became more unconfirmed in their answers and gave up more quick
20、ly on ideas teachers disagreed with. “I worry about children whose eyes light up every time they are praised,“ says Kohn. “Many of them will grow to be adults desperate for others approval, unable to formulate their own standards.“ Although words of praise may be more subtle than other rewards, the
21、basic psychological issue is one of power and manipulation. “Often, the most striking thing about a positive judgment is that its a judgment,“ says Kohn. “It implies, I have power over you.“ Whats more, he adds, praise carries with it the possibility of criticism, which can make the loftiest praise
22、threatening: todays “youre perfect“ can become tomorrows “you are worthless“. 6 According to B.F. Skinner, praise （ A） is most useful in behavior correction. （ B） is simple but powerful words of good will. （ C） can change peoples behaviors to be better. （ D） may both be beneficial and disadvantageou
23、s. 7 Words of praise could become destructive when （ A） they are casually chosen. （ B） they are heavily used. （ C） they are not used by behaviorists. （ D） they are out of an educational environment. 8 The last word “strokes“ in the third paragraph most closely means （ A） instructions. （ B） criticism
24、s. （ C） help. （ D） compliments. 9 Roy F. Baumeister found that heavy praise could result in peoples （ A） stubbornness. （ B） lack of persistence. （ C） lack of creativity. （ D） incapability. 10 Which of the following statements is Kohn most likely to agree with? （ A） Words of praise are nothing more t
25、han positive judgments. （ B） Words of praise fall into the category of basic psychological issue. （ C） Words of praise and criticisms are interchangeable. （ D） Words of praise are meant to manipulate the listeners. 10 After 21 years of marriage, my wife wanted me to take another woman out to dinner
26、and a movie. She said, “I love you, but I know this other woman loves you too, and she would love to spend some time with you.“ The other woman that my wife wanted me to visit was my mother, who has been a widow for 19 years, but the demands of my work and my three children had made it possible to v
27、isit her only occasionally. That night I called to invite her to go out for dinner and a movie. “Whats wrong, are you well?“ she asked. My mother is the type of woman who suspects that a late night call or a surprise invitation is a sign of bad news. “I thought that it would be pleasant to spend som
28、e time with you,“ I responded. “Just the two of us.“ She thought about it for a moment, and then said, “I would like that very much.“ That Friday after work, as I drove over to pick her up, I was a bit nervous. When I arrived at her house, I noticed that she, too, seemed to be nervous about our date
29、. She waited in the door with her coat on. She had curled her hair and was wearing the dress that she had worn to celebrate her last wedding anniversary. She smiled from a face that was as radiant as an angels. “I told my friends that I was going to go out with my son, and they were impressed,“ she
30、said, as she got into the car. “They cant wait to hear about our meeting.“ We went to a restaurant that, although not elegant, was very nice and cozy. My mother took my arm as if she were the First Lady. After we sat down, I had to read the menu. Her eyes could only read large print. Half way throug
31、h the entries, I lifted my eyes and saw Mom sitting there staring at me. A nostalgic smile was on her lips. “It was I who used to have to read the menu when you were small,“ she said. “Then its time that you relax and let me return the favor,“ I responded. During the dinner, we had an agreeable conv
32、ersation nothing extraordinary but catching up on recent events of each others life. We talked so much that we missed the movie. As we arrived at her house later, she said, “Ill go out with you again, but only if you let me invite you.“ I agreed. “How was your dinner date?“ Asked my wife when I got
33、home. “Very nice. Much more so than I could have imagined,“ I answered. A few days later, my mother died of a massive heart attack. It happened so suddenly that I didnt have a chance to do anything for her. Some time later, I received an envelope with a copy of a restaurant receipt from the same pla
34、ce mother and I had dined. An attached note said: “I paid this bill in advance. I wasnt sure that I could be there; but nevertheless, I paid for two plates one for you and the other for your wife. You will never know what that night meant for me. I love you, son.“ At that moment, I understood the im
35、portance of. saying in time: “I LOVE YOU,“ and to give our loved ones the time that they deserve. Nothing in life is more important than your family. Give them the time they deserve, because these things cannot be put off till “some other time“. 11 When the mother heard it was the sons call, she was
36、 （ A） worried. （ B） surprised. （ C） suspicious. （ D） puzzled. 12 The mothers friends were most impressed by （ A） the memorable date between the mother and the son. （ B） the mothers realization of her long-awaited dream. （ C） the sons love for his mother. （ D） the mothers pride in her son. 13 When th
37、e mother took the authors arm into the restaurant, she （ A） looked like the First Lady. （ B） was treated like the First Lady. （ C） was as important as the First Lady. （ D） felt as proud as being the First Lady. 14 What did the mother mainly talk about to the author during the dinner? （ A） Her life a
38、fter the authors marriage. （ B） Her life since the authors last visit. （ C） Her memory about the author as a child. （ D） Her expectation about future reunions. 15 The mother insisted on inviting the author to dinner because （ A） she was going to die soon. （ B） she wanted to show her love. （ C） she d
39、id not expect the heart attack. （ D） she intended to thank him and his wife. 16 The passage intends to teach us how to cherish （ A） our parents. （ B） love. （ C） our family. （ D） life. 16 Men and women approach problems with similar goals but with different considerations. While men and women can sol
40、ve problems equally well, their approach and their process are often quite different. For most women, sharing and discussing a problem presents an opportunity to explore, deepen or strengthen the relationship with the person they are talking with. Women are usually more concerned about how problems
41、are solved than merely solving the problem itself. For women, solving a problem can profoundly impact whether they feel closer and less alone or whether they feel distant and less connected. The process of solving a problem can strengthen or weaken a relationship. Most men are less concerned and do
42、not feel the same as women when solving a problem. Men approach problems in a very different manner than women. For most men, solving a problem presents an opportunity to demonstrate their competence, their strength of resolve, and their commitment to a relationship. How the problem is solved is not
43、 nearly as important as solving it effectively and in the best possible manner. Men have a tendency to dominate and to assume authority in a problem solving process. They set a-side their feelings provided the dominance hierarchy was agreed upon in advance and respected. They are often distracted an
44、d do not attend well to the quality of the relationship while solving problems. Some of the more important differences can be illustrated by observing groups of young teenage boys and groups of young teenage girls when they attempt to find their way out of a maze. A group of boys generally establish
45、 a hierarchy or chain of command with a leader who emerges on his own or through demonstrations of ability and power. Boys explore the maze using scouts while remaining in distant proximity to each other. Groups of girls tend to explore the maze together as a group without establishing a clear or do
46、minant leader. Relationships tend to be co-equal. Girls tend to elicit discussion and employ “collective intelligence“ to the task of discovering a way out. Girls tend to work their way through the maze as a group. Boys tend to search and explore using structured links and a chain of command. 17 Whe
47、n solving a problem, women are more concerned about_than men are. （ A） the result （ B） its course （ C） the relationship （ D） its influence 18 Which of the following are men most likely to disregard when solving a problem? （ A） The efficiency. （ B） The methodology. （ C） The dominance hierarchy. （ D）
48、The commitment to a relationship. 19 “Scouts“ can be best described as （ A） boys who are dispatched from the group to gather information. （ B） boys who rank comparatively low in the hierarchy. （ C） tools which can indicate directions precisely. （ D） tools which are convenient for the groups communic
49、ation. 20 What is the function of the last paragraph? （ A） It compares the difference between young teenage boys and girls. （ B） It leads into some other differences between men and women. （ C） It draws a conclusion based on the comparison in the paragraphs above. （ D） It gives an example to testify the difference between men and women. 专业英语四级（阅读）模拟试卷 58答案与解析 【知识模块】 阅读 1 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 题干中的 primarily表明我们要查找传达商业信息的首选做法，第2段第 2句中的 or， failing that，表明其前面提到的 take an advertisement就是首选做法，该句提到的其他做法都是在 “广告 ”这个途径失败后才采取的，由此可见，本题应选 A。 【知识模块】 阅读 2 【正确答案】
