1、专业英语四级（阅读）模拟试卷 61及答案与解析 0 In the case of Archimedes, although he made many wonderful discoveries of diverse kinds, yet of them all, the following, which I shall relate, seems to have been the result of a boundless ingenuity. Hiero, after gaining the royal power in Syracuse, resolved, as a consequenc
2、e of his successful exploits, to place in a certain temple a golden crown which he had vowed to the immortal gods. He contracted for its making at a fixed price, and weighed out a precise amount of gold to the contractor. At the appointed time the latter delivered to the kings satisfaction an exquis
3、itely finished piece of handiwork, and it appeared that in weight the crown corresponded precisely to what the gold had weighed. But afterwards a charge was made that gold had been abstracted and an equivalent weight of silver had been added in the manufacture of the crown. Hiero, thinking it an out
4、rage that he had been tricked, and yet not knowing how to detect the theft, requested Archimedes to consider the matter. The latter, while the case was still on his mind, happened to go to the bath, and on getting into a tub observed that the more his body sank into it the more water ran out over th
5、e tub. As this pointed out the way to explain the case in question, without a moments delay, and transported with joy, he jumped out of the tub and rushed home naked, crying with a loud voice that he had found what he was seeking. Taking this as the beginning of his discovery, it is said that he mad
6、e two masses of the same weight as the crown, one of gold and the other of silver. After making them, he filled a large vessel with water to the very brim, and dropped the mass of silver into it. As much water ran out as was equal in bulk to that of the silver sunk in the vessel. Then, taking out th
7、e mass, he poured back the lost quantity of water, using a pint measure, until it was level with the brim as it had been before. Thus he found the weight of silver corresponding to a definite quantity of water. After this experiment, he likewise dropped the mass of gold into the full vessel and, on
8、taking it out and measuring as before, found that not so much water was lost, but a smaller quantity: namely, as much less as a mass of gold lacks in bulk compared to a mass of silver of the same weight. Finally, filling the vessel again and dropping the crown itself into the same quantity of water,
9、 he found that more water ran over for the crown than for the mass of gold of the same weight. Hence, reasoning from the fact that more water was lost in the case of the crown than in that of the mass, he detected the mixing of silver with the gold, and made the theft of the contractor perfectly cle
10、ar. 1 Heiro gained the royal power in Syracuse, （ A） thanks to the aid of the immortal gods. （ B） because of his successful exploits. （ C） so as to place a golden crown in a temple. （ D） in order to observe his heroic deeds. 2 According to the author, Archimedes must have found the way （ A） accident
11、ally. （ B） effortlessly. （ C） theoretically. （ D） technically. 3 The word “transported“ in Paragraph Two is closest in meaning to （ A） transmitted. （ B） departed. （ C） preoccupied. （ D） haunted. 4 In order to test his discovery, Archimedes （ A） made two crowns of silver and gold respectively. （ B） m
12、ade two masses of silver and gold respectively. （ C） made a vessel as large as the tub where he had a bath. （ D） made a pint measure level with the brim of the vessel. 5 The story is intended to （ A） illustrate the cleverness of Archimedes. （ B） tell an interesting story about Archimedes. （ C） recou
13、nt how Archimedes solve the difficult “crown“ problem. （ D） explain the discovery of the relation between bulk and mass. 5 The world is going through the biggest wave of mergers and acquisitions ever witnessed. The process sweeps from hyperactive America to Europe and reaches the emerging countries
14、with unsurpassed might. Many in these countries are looking at this process and worrying: “Wont the wave of business concentration turn into an uncontrollable anti-competitive force?“ Theres no question that the big are getting bigger and more powerful. Multinational corporations accounted for less
15、than 20% of international trade in 1982. Today the figure is more than 25% and growing rapidly. International affiliates account for a fast-growing segment of production in economies that open up and welcome foreign investment. In Argentina, for instance, after the reforms of the early 1990s, multin
16、ationals went from 43% to almost 70% of the industrial production of the 200 largest firms. This phenomenon has created serious concerns over the role of smaller economic firms, of national businessmen and over the ultimate stability of the world economy. I believe that the most important forces beh
17、ind the massive M they are not militant or angry they just find it annoying or tiresome. They reluctantly accept outdated stereotypes, but heave a sigh of relief when an advertisement really gets it right.“ She says that it is not advertisings use of the housewife role that bothers women, but the wa
18、y in which it is handled. “Researchers have often asked the wrong questions. The most important thing is the advertisements tone of voice. Women hate being patronized, flattered or given desperately down-to-earth common sense advice.“ In the end, the responsibility for good advertising must be share
19、d between the advertiser, the advertising agency and the consumer. Advertising does not set trends but it reflects them. It is up to the consumer to tell advertisers where they fail, and until people on the receiving end take the business seriously and make their feelings known, the process of chang
20、e will remain laboriously slow. 11 What do women usually do with advertisements that offend them? （ A） They are irritated and tend to bring lawsuits against the advertisements. （ B） They are indignant and tend to strongly object to the advertisements. （ C） They are angry and tend to refuse to buy th
21、e products. （ D） They are upset and tend to feel ashamed of the images. 12 The advertisers dont give up producing offending advertisements mainly because （ A） consumers seldom lodge complaints against them. （ B） they are ignorant about consumers feelings. （ C） they arent afraid of being complained a
22、bout. （ D） consumers dont take the advertisements seriously. 13 In advertisements, men are usually stereotyped as （ A） a failing businessman. （ B） clumsy at home. （ C） a loving husband. （ D） shrewd in business. 14 According to Emma Bennett, the researchers should be more concerned about （ A） how to
23、guard against offending ads. （ B） the overuse of the housewife role. （ C） the advertisers attitude to women. （ D） feedbacks aroused in consumers. 15 According to the author, the most crucial factor in the improvement of the advertisements is （ A） the industry. （ B） the advertisers. （ C） the products
24、. （ D） the consumers. 15 The idea of creating a system that allows the underprivileged the opportunity to break the cycle and achieve something is praiseworthy. So it never ceases to amaze me how something so noble can be so blatantly abused and the offenders are able to get away with it. I live in
25、a country the only country, I might add that was colonised through an act of diplomacy and not force. The citizens of the country became members of the British Empire by scratching ink on the paper of a poorly translated treaty that disadvantaged them from the beginning. All because of some greedy B
26、rits wanted to trade land for glass beads, tobacco and blankets.(In some ways, this treaty protected the natives from some pretty nasty scams, but only so that the government could scam the tribes themselves). The third article of this treaty allowed the “natives“(although their claim to be native o
27、f the land in question is dubious in itself they were merely there before the British)all the rights and benefits of a subject under the rule of Her Majesty Queen Victoria. The history lesson is nearly over bear with me, it is relevant. The rights and benefits of becoming a member of the British Emp
28、ire included the banning of the native language to be taught in schools and used to communicate in public. The savages were to be tamed. For a country so progressive that gave women the vote 10 years before the rest of the world(if only to call a politicians bluff), this was a barbaric act. But thes
29、e acts of naturalisation, and reparation have since been carried out by the government for the last 50-75 years, allowing the natives extra rights and benefits as to soothe the indignity done to their ancestors. Now a considerable number of the “disenfranchised“ live on a social welfare benefit from
30、 the government, and can afford cable TV, all the latest mod-cons and a fast track into the good life of higher education(all subsidised, of course)in the name, not of affirmative action although it is but of racial appeasement. Now I could talk about some of the blind privileges that come with this
31、, but I will save that essay for another day. The topic I wish to address today are those who are born with silver spoons in their mouths that claim these benefits without batting an eyelid. In order to claim a number of these benefits, one need only 1/16th of native blood in ones family to be consi
32、dered “native“. So you have blond-haired blue-eyed “natives“ that have no clue of their whakapapa, let alone can speak the language. These young opportunists come from upper class families. They went to the best private schools, and for birthdays, mummy and daddy dearest sent them around the world t
33、o see history and what real culture is. These bright young things have trust funds amounting to tens of thousands that they will get when they turn 21. Theyre on a first name basis with all the hot shot company directors and politicians, and they still have the audacity to claim and receive the scho
34、larships and benefits their less fortunate counterparts deserve. This is where the “blind eye“ of privilege amazes me. As Betacandys first post so beautifully sets out privilege is something given or assumed so often that a set of actions and expectations are built up and become a normal attitude to
35、 associate with specific practices, races and gender. The selection process assures us that equal opportunities are afforded to each applicant(that assertion is worth another whole rant in itself). How can the close examination of each applicant their achievements and background allow such a gross a
36、buse of privilege to take place? This is merely one country where it happens, and I could go on for ever on this subject. The privileged are simply that privileged. What gives them the right to take for themselves the opportunities offered to those who cannot afford to pay for the experience in the
37、first place? Somebody, please, answer me this. 16 There was a “poorly translated“ treaty because （ A） the Brits didnt take it seriously. （ B） the Brits intended it as a scam. （ C） the natives were mostly unable to read or write. （ D） the natives were guaranteed what they wanted. 17 The author most p
38、robably thinks that the “blind privileges“ granted to the natives now are （ A） praiseworthy. （ B） unreasonable. （ C） advantageous to racial appeasement. （ D） insufficient to make up for their lost. 18 What does the author think about the blond-haired blue-eyed “natives“? （ A） They are proud of being
39、 natives. （ B） They are ashamed of their identity. （ C） Their family origin is hard to trace back. （ D） They dont know about their family origin. 19 Which paragraph appears least concerned with the theme of the passage? （ A） Paragraph 2. （ B） Paragraph 3. （ C） Paragraph 4. （ D） Paragraph 5. 20 Accor
40、ding to the fifth paragraph, the author thinks that the “selection process“ （ A） offers equal opportunity to each applicant. （ B） closely examines each applicant. （ C） allows a gross abuse of privileges. （ D） neglects achievements and background. 专业英语四级（阅读）模拟试卷 61答案与解析 【知识模块】 阅读 1 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 根据
41、题干中的 Heiro和 Syracuse定位到第 1段第 2句。由该句中的as a consequence of his successful exploits确定 B正确。 【知识模块】 阅读 2 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 第 2段第 3句中的 happened to表明当时阿基米德是偶然发现解决问题的方法的，因此，本题应选 A。虽然 “偶然 ”发现的方法好像是 “毫不费力 ”的，但原文该句中的 while the case was still on his mind表明阿基米德在偶然发现方法之前一直都在想如何解决这个问题，可见，他也不是 “毫不费力 ”就找到了方法的，因此， B不正确
42、。 【知识模块】 阅读 3 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 第 2段最后一句提到阿基米德在发现方法之后，高兴得连衣服都不穿就跳出浴池跑回家，可见，此处的 transported应该是指他满脑子都被高兴得情绪所占据，与此意思最相近的是 C。 【知识模块】 阅读 4 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 第 3段第 1句证明 B是正确的。最具干扰性的是 D，该选项的用词与第 3段倒数第 2句的用词和词序都十分相近，但要注意原文中， until it was level with里的 it指的不是直接在其前面的 pint measure，而是指再前面的 water，将water代回到 it的位置，就不难看
43、出 D和原文的区别了。 【知识模块】 阅读 5 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 作者讲到阿基米德这个故事的原因在全文第 1句提到：是为了说明阿基米德的 a boundless ingenuity， 其中 ingenuity与 cleverness同义，因此，本题应选 A。 【知识模块】 阅读 【知识模块】 阅读 6 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 根据题干中的 mergers and acquisitions定位到第 1段。 C中的unprecedented force与该段第 2句的内容相近，故为本题答案。 A中的 warmly welcome缺乏原文依据；第 1句中的 the bigges
44、t表明这一次合并潮只是 “最大的一次 ”，这也就暗示合并潮以前就出现过，可见， D不正确。 【知识模块】 阅读 7 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 根据题干中的 multinationals in Argentina定位到第 2段第 5句。在该句中提到的 Argentina的情况是为了说明该段前几句的观点：跨国公司生意越做越大，地位越来越重要，将四个选项的内容与此对比，可发现 D意思最相近，故为本题答案。 【知识模块】 阅读 8 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 第 3段第 2句开头的 All these指的是该段第 1句的 forces，可见，第 2句表明这些 forces对消费者是有利的，因
45、此，本题应选 D。 A和 B是第 1句冒号后的内容，在原文中，冒号后列举了各种 forces，可见， A和 B是 forces本身，而非 forces带来的结果。 C中的 undermine与原文中的 underlie意思完全不同。 【知识模块】 阅读 9 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 在第 4段第 2句中，定语从句 that were feared 中的 that应该指前面的先行词 threats，这样才能与从句的动词 were形成主谓一致，找到 that的所指，就不难确定本题应选 A。 【知识模块】 阅读 10 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 最后一段第 4句表明在现实中各国对违反公平竞
46、争的处理力度不一，即表明各国对不合理竞争的做法态度不相同，可见，本题应选 C。该段第 2句提到了 Greenspan的警告，银行业是不是会因为他的警告就不会合并 ?原文并没有就此给出答案，可见， A说得过于绝对。第 4句表明有些跨国公司可能离开对不公平竞争严格监管的国家地区，转而到别的地区去做生意，这恰恰表明这些跨国公司不愿遵守公平竞争的做法，可见， B与原文的推论相反；最后一句表明美国出于 “保护公平竞争 ”而起诉了微软公司，而作者很可能认为别的国家也应向美国学 习这种做法，可见，作者应该不会认同 D的说法。 【知识模块】 阅读 【知识模块】 阅读 11 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 第
47、1段第 2句描述了女性对使她们感到不快的广告的态度：angry，但仅此而已，原文没有提到她们是否会诉诸法律 (A)，或罢买相关产品(C)，也没有提到她们会感到 ashamed(D)，因此，本题应选 B。 【知识模块】 阅读 12 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 虽然第 2段最后一句中的 few feel strongly enough to complain与 A同义，故 A为本题答案。同一句表明广告商知道消费者会感到 irritated，因此， B不正确；原文没有提及广告商 “害不害怕 ”被投诉，因此， C不正确； D中的 “消费者不把广告当真 ”与文意相悖。 【知识模块】 阅读 13 【正
48、确答案】 B 【试题解析】 第 3段第 1句谈到男性在广告中被模式化，是以家庭生活为背景的，因此，与 “商业 “有关的 A和 D可先排除。再根据该句中的 useless，unable， inconsiderate等贬义词可以知道男性通常被定型为比较负面的形象，因此，本题应选 B。 【知识模块】 阅读 14 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 根据题干中的 Emma Bennett定位到第 4段。该段倒数第 2句表明她认为研究人员最关注的应该是 the advertisements tone of voice，即广告商的态度，结合上下文，此处的态度应指对女性的态度因此，本题应选 C。 【知识模块】
49、阅读 15 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 最后一段最后一句中的 Its up to 和 until 都强调了消费者对广告业的重要影响，而且消费者是使到广告业发生改变的最重要的 因素，可见本题应选 D。 【知识模块】 阅读 【知识模块】 阅读 16 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 根据题干中的 poorly translated treaty定位到第 2段第 2句和第 3句。第 3句的 because of表明了原因，再加上第 3句后括号里的附加信息，可以确定本题应选 B。 【知识模块】 阅读 17 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 根据题干中的 blind privileges定位到第 3段最后两句。该段最后一句中的 these benefits指的就是上一句提到的 blind privileges，光从这一句中的born with silver spoons in their mouths就可以知道作者认为有些生于富贵之家的人也在享受本来用于帮助贫穷的印第安人 (the natives)的优惠政策，再仔细看下面的段落，可以发现这三段的内容相同，都是有关 blind privileges被滥用，由此可见，本题应选 B。 【知识模块】 阅读 18 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 根据题干中
