1、专业英语四级（阅读）模拟试卷 73及答案与解析 0 First the good news: 9 in 10 people said they were satisfied with their jobs or the work that they do and that remained steady throughout 2008, despite the economy. And now the bad, even if its not so surprising: The number of people who said their employer reduced the size
2、 of the workforce rose dramatically during the year, from 15% in the first quarter to 23% in the fourth quarter. Thats according to a survey from Gallup and health management company Healthways. Nearly each day in 2008, about 1,000 adults were asked about their physical, emotional, economic and work
3、place well-being. When it came to their work environment, many of the 355,334 people surveyed by phone were positive. But there were some labor pains. Just 47% of respondents from Hawaii said they were satisfied with their jobs, used their strengths at work, were treated by a supervisor as a partner
4、 and worked in an “open, trusting environment“. That was the lowest score of any state on a work environment index that was compiled by calculating positive responses in those four areas. Utah nabbed top honors, with 59% of its respondents saying those four elements were prevalent in work lives. Amo
5、ng the biggest differences between Utah and Hawaii; 73% of Utah respondents said their supervisor created a trusting environment, while only 58% of folks in Hawaii felt that way. The national average was 65%. The Gallup-Healthways AHIP Congressional Report didnt offer any insights into why Utah rule
6、d and Hawaii ranked so poorly on the workplace front. Hawaiis residents took the No. 1 slot in another two survey areas, emotional health and living conditions. “Maybe having a job while youre in paradise may not be all that great,“ says Jim Harter, a chief scientist of workplace and well-being at G
7、allup. Utah has done well in separate workplace studies, as well. After considering factors such as unemployment rate, job growth, income growth, median household income and the cost of living, Moodys Economy, com named its capital, Salt Lake City, the best U. S. city to work in for 2007 and 2008. B
8、ut those glory days have faded, says Gus Faucher, Moodys Economy. com director of macroeconomics. Utahs housing boom turned into a bust later than most states. The national recession began in December 2007, according to the National Bureau of Economic Research. Salt Lake Citys recession began in Nov
9、ember 2008, according to Moodys Economy. com. From a non-economic angle, Faucher says he can see why Utah would earn strong marks on the work front. “The state is really Mormon, so there is a sense of solidarity“ among many employees, he says. “People feel very connected to each other.“ Also, with i
10、ts high birth rate, Utah has a robust population of younger employees who often add enthusiasm to the workplace, Faucher says. Thats the case at the Wasatch Music Coaching Academy in Salt Lake City, school owner David Murphy says. Most instructors are between 22 and 35 years old and are extremely pa
11、ssionate and excited about teaching students, he says. Murphy, 52, who says he has a “dream“ job, takes a collaborative approach in managing all staffers,“I see myself working side by side with my staff, not over my staff. “ 1 What can we infer from the first two paragraphs? （ A） The economy of 2008
12、 was still steady. （ B） More people had to change their jobs. （ C） From Jan. to Apr. , about 54,000 people lost their jobs. （ D） Most of the people surveyed felt hopeless. 2 The word “ruled“ in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to_. （ A） decreed （ B） governed （ C） prevailed （ D） paralleled 3 From Pa
13、ragraph 4, we can infer all of the following EXCEPT that_. （ A） Hawaiis residents may feel more relaxed （ B） the word “paradise“ may refer to Hawaii （ C） people may prefer living in Hawaii to working there （ D） Jim Harter may be a scientist in Hawaii 4 Which of the following is CORRECT about Utah? （
14、 A） Wasatch Music Coaching Academy is located in Utah. （ B） Utah had advantage over Hawaii in all aspects. （ C） Utahs economy remained booming till December 2007. （ D） In 2008, almost every day about 1,000 adults were surveyed in Utah. 5 Whats the authors intention of referring to the case of Wasatc
15、h Music Coaching Academy in the last paragraph? （ A） To prove that Utah indeed has a higher birth rate. （ B） To support Fauchers viewpoint about strong marks on the work front in Utah. （ C） To show that Murphy is really a qualified principal. （ D） To tell us young teachers are good for school. 5 Wea
16、rable gadgets like smart watches and Google Glass can seem like a fad that has all the durability of CB radios or Duran Duran, but theyre important early signs of a new era of technology that will drive investment and innovation for years. Tech companies are pushing out waves of wearable technology
17、products all of them clumsy and none of them yet really catching on. Samsung is excitedly hawking its Galaxy Gear smart watch, and Google, Apple, Qualcomm(高通公司 ), and others are expected to come out with competing versions. Google Glass gets lots of gee-whiz attention, and every other day, someone n
18、ew introduces a fitness tracker, a GPS kid-monitoring bracelet, or yeah, seriously interactive underwear. These are all part of a powerful trend: Over the past 40 years, digital technology has consistently moved from far away to close to us. Go back long enough, and computers the size of Buicks stay
19、ed in the back rooms of big companies. Most people never touched them. By the late 1970s, technology started moving to office desks first as terminals connected to those hidden computers, and then as early personal computers. The next stage: We wanted digital technology in our homes, so we bought de
20、sktop PCs. A “portable“ computer in the mid-1980s, like the first Compaq, was the size of a carry-on suitcase and about as easy to lug as John Goodman. But by the 1990s, laptops got better and smaller, for the first time liberating digital technology from a place and attaching it more to a person. N
21、ow we want our technology with us all the time. This era of the smartphone and tablet began with the iPhone in 2007. The “with us“ era is accelerating even now: IBM announced that its making its powerful Watson computing the technology that beat humans on Jeopardy! available in the cloud, so it can
22、be accessed by consumers on a smart device. In technologys inexorable march from far away to close to us, and now with us, there are only three places left for it to go: on us, all around us, and then in us. “Wearable is the next paradigm shift,“ says Philippe Kahn, who invented the camera phone and
23、 today is developing innards for wearable tech. “We are going to see a lot of innovation in wearable in the next seven years, by 2020. “ Hard to know which products will catch on. Glasses are an obvious way to wear a screen, but most people dont want to look like a tech geek(极客 ). The masses might g
24、et interested if Google Glass can be invisibly built into hot-looking frames. A start-up called Telepathy is developing a slim arm that holds a microprojector that shoots images back to your eye. Another concept is to build a device with a tiny projector that suspends text or images out in front of
25、you, like a heads-up display. 6 According to the passage, which of the following statements is INCORRECT? （ A） Wearable products are warmly welcomed by customers. （ B） Wearable products are signals of a new technology era. （ C） Samsung has launched its wearable gadget. （ D） Wearable products are clu
26、msy at this stage. 7 Compared with 1980s, what is the biggest development of portable computers in 1990s? （ A） They are easier to carry and closer to their users. （ B） Their appearances are more elegant. （ C） They are found on desktops instead of back rooms. （ D） Computer producers provide more bran
27、ds for selection. 8 According to the passage, what is the beginning of “with us“ era? （ A） The invention of the first Compaq. （ B） The use of desktop PCs. （ C） The launch of iPhone. （ D） The use of Watson computing. 9 What is Philippe Kahns attitude towards wearable tech products? （ A） Pessimistic.
28、（ B） Indifferent. （ C） Optimistic. （ D） Critical. 10 Why is Google Glass not accepted by most people? （ A） Because it is too fashionable for ordinary people. （ B） Because people wearing it look like geeks. （ C） Because it is not so powerful to technology fans. （ D） Because its frame is invisible. 10
29、 Children as young as four will study Shakespeare in a project being launched today by the Royal Shakespeare Company. The RSC is holding its first national conference for primary school teachers to encourage them to use the Bards plays imaginatively in the classroom from reception classes onwards. T
30、he conference will be told that they should learn how Shakespearian characters like Puck in A Midsummer Nights Dream are “jolly characters“ and how to write about them. At present, the national curriculum does not require pupils to approach Shakespeare until secondary school. All it says is that pup
31、ils should study “texts drawn from a variety of cultures and traditions“ and “myths, legends and traditional stories“. However, educationists at the RSC believe children will gain a better appreciation of Shakespeare if they are introduced to him at a much younger age. “Even very young children can
32、enjoy Shakespeares plays,“ said Mary Johnson, head of the learning department. “It is just a question of pitching it for the age group. Even reception classes and key stage one pupils(five- to seven-year-olds)can enjoy his stories. For instance, if you build up Puck as a character who skips, childre
33、n of that age can enjoy the character. They can be inspired by Puck and they could even start writing about him at that age. “ It is the RSCs belief that building the Bard up as a fun playwright in primary school could counter some of the negative images conjured up about teaching Shakespeare in sec
34、ondary schools. Then, pupils have to concentrate on scenes from the plays to answer questions for compulsory English national-curriculum tests for 14-year-olds. Critics of the tests have complained that pupils no longer have the time to study or read the whole play and therefore lose interest in Sha
35、kespeare. However, Ms. Johnson is encouraging teachers to present 20-minute versions of the plays a classroom version of the Royal Shakespeare Companys Complete Works of Shakespeare(Abridged)which told his 37 plays in 97 minutes to give pupils a flavour of the whole drama. The RSCs venture coincides
36、 with a call for schools to allow pupils to be more creative in writing about Shakespeare. Professor Kate McLuskie, the new director of the University of Birminghams Shakespeare Institute also based in Stratford said it was time to get away from the idea that there was “ a right answer“ to any quest
37、ion about Shakespeare. Her first foray into the world of Shakespeare was to berate him as a misogynist in a 1985 essay but she now insists this should not be interpreted as a criticism of his works although she admits: “I probably wouldnt have written it quite the same way if I had been writing it n
38、ow. What we should be doing is making sure that someone is getting something out of Shakespeare,“ she said. “People are very scared about getting the right answer. I know its difficult but I dont care if they come up with a right answer that I can agree with about Shakespeare. “ 11 What is the passa
39、ge mainly concerned with? （ A） How to give pupils a flavour of Shakespeare drama. （ B） The fun of reading Shakespeare. （ C） RSC project will teach children how to write on Shakespeare. （ D） RSC project will help four-year-old children find the fun in Shakespeare. 12 Whats Pucks characteristics accor
40、ding to the passage? （ A） Rude, rush and impolite. （ B） Happy, interesting and full of fun. （ C） Dull, absurd and ridiculous. （ D） Shrewd, cunning and tricky. 13 Which of the following is INCORRECT according to the passage? （ A） The RSC insists on teaching Shakespeare from the secondary school. （ B）
41、 Pupils should study “texts drawn from a variety of cultures and traditions“ required by the national curriculum. （ C） The national curriculum does not require pupils to approach Shakespeare until secondary school. （ D） RSC believes children will gain a better appreciation of Shakespeare if they are
42、 introduced to his plays at a much younger age. 14 Ms. Johnson encourages teachers to present 20-minute versions of the plays in order to_. （ A） introduce them into the world of Shakespeare （ B） deal with the final examination on Shakespeare （ C） give pupils a flavour of the whole drama （ D） strengt
43、hen the students with the knowledge of Shakespeare 15 Which of the following is INCORRECT according to the last paragraph? （ A） Professor Kate McLuskie once scolded Shakespeare in her essay. （ B） Professor Kate McLuskie insisted on her view on Shakespeare till now. （ C） Professor Kate McLuskie has c
44、hanged her idea. （ D） Ms. Kate thinks it is time to get away from the idea that there is “a right answer“ to any question about Shakespeare. 15 Simply walking through an unfamiliar neighborhood can make you feel more paranoid(疑神疑鬼的 )and lower your trust in others. In a study published in the journal
45、 PeerJ, student volunteers who spent less than an hour in a more dangerous neighborhood showed significant changes in some of their social perceptions. The researchers goal was to investigate the relationship between lower income neighborhoods and reduced trust and poor mental health. While the asso
46、ciation is well known, the scientists, from Newcastle University in the UK, wanted to determine whether the connection was due to people reacting to the environment around them, or because those who are generally less trusting were more likely to live in troubled areas. Prior research showed that ki
47、ds who grew up in such neighborhoods were less likely to graduate from high school and more likely to develop stress that can lead to depression. The study took 50 students, sent half of them to a low income, high crime neighborhood and the other half to an affluent neighborhood with little crime. B
48、efore the students ventured into their respective areas, the researchers interviewed the neighborhood residents and found that residents of the high-crime neighborhood harbored more feelings of paranoia(多疑 )and lower levels of social trust compared to the residents of the other neighborhood. The stu
49、dents in the study were not from either neighborhood, and did not know what the study was about. They were dropped off by a taxi and told to deliver envelopes containing a packet of questions to a list of residential addresses. They spent 45 minutes walking around their assigned neighborhood distributing the envelopes. When the students returned, the researchers surveyed them about their experience, their feelings of trust, and their feelings of paranoia. Despite the short amount of time they spent in the neighborhoods, t
