1、农业发展练习试卷 3及答案与解析 一、 PART 1 English-Chinese Translation (60 points) Translate the following passage into Chinese. The time for this part is 120 minutes. 1 Green Gene Technology For the past 10,000 years humans have influenced the plants they use at first unknowingly, later by design. Todays crops hav
2、e been created by a process of selection and classical breeding. More specific improvements in breeding will be possible in future. Science has cracked the genetic information code. Green gene technology is an effective tool in crop breeding, enabling us to develop new crops even more rapidly and sp
3、ecifically. We can make them more efficient, optimizing their contents and valuable substances to suit the wishes and requirements of customers and the processing industry. Their metabolism can be individually modified, making them produce starch, protein and fats with special properties. Through ge
4、ne transfer plants can be made more resistant to viruses, bacteria, harmful fungi and insect pests. Genetically modified plants can be cultivated to possess improved stress behavior, with the result that they absorb water better in dry locations and can make more efficient use of soil nutrients. We
5、can also optimize weed control. To do so, we make crops tolerant to environmentally sound and easily degradable herbicides. This is not as simple as it sounds. But we have been successful: Innovator has been on the Canadian market since 1995. This is the first oilseed rape variety to contain the glu
6、fosinate tolerance gene, facilitating the use of AgrEvos broad-spectrurn herbicide liberty. We are committed to green gene technology, with which we aim to make crop breeding even more efficient and environmentally friendly. Before being brought on to the market these genetically modified plants are
7、 researched and tested for years until the questions posed regarding their safety have been answered. This is a great opportunity for us to realize our vision: the use of faster methods to breed varieties which will continue to provide us with sufficient food and raw materials in future. Our fossil
8、reserves will soon be exhausted. Experts estimate that we only have enough oil for another 43 years and natural gas for less than 60. This means we must rethink and act accordingly, using new crop varieties to step up the move to replenishable sources of raw materials and energy. In other words, gre
9、en gene technology is the key technology for sustainable agriculture. 二、 PART 2 Chinese-English Translation (40 points) Translate the following passage into English. The time for this part is 60 minutes. 2 农业加工业帮助提升中国农业发展 过去二十年，农产品加工业始终是中国农业发展的引擎，它使农民的腰包鼓了起来。 在改革开放的年代中，尤其是在 20世纪最后五年，农业加工在国民经济中的重要性一直
10、在稳步上升。 国家统计局数字显示，农产品加工业已成为最具活力的产业，其增长率名列国民经 济中各产业之首。 过去十年中，农产品加工业平均年增长达到 9.2%，高出当前国民经济的增长，该产业的增加值攀升到 84.6%。 国家经贸委副主任欧新黔说，农业加工业的高速发展推动了中国农产品市场，促进了农业的总体进步。他还说，该产业的巨大进步成为推进国民经济发展的力量源泉。 加工农产品也给中国农民带来了更多的收入。越来越多的乡镇企业正在建立一种与当地农民利益共享的关系，这种关系不仅确保利润收入，而且同时降低了农业生产者的风险。 到目前为止，农业加工业已为全国农民创造了超过 1500万个就业 机会。 与此同时
11、，该产业也正在加速中国农业的结构重组。 中国农业部部长杜青林指出，中国政府的目标在于建立一个安全可靠的农产品供应体系，一个加工产业体系，一个质量控制和安全体系，一个技术革新体系和一个符合 WTO规则的政策支持体系。 杜部长说中国必须依靠这 5个体系来拓展农业改革和农村经济的结构重组。 根据农业部乡镇企业局局长刘增胜的分析，建立以上五个体系将有助于逐步改变加入 WTO后中国农业面临的严峻形势，并且提高中国农产品的竞争力。 我们相信，到 2005年，农产品加工业将在国民经济 中发挥更加重要的作用，随着区域资源的不断优化，中国一定能够以新的活力参与国际竞争。 农业发展练习试卷 3答案与解析 一、 P
12、ART 1 English-Chinese Translation (60 points) Translate the following passage into Chinese. The time for this part is 120 minutes. 1 【正确答案】 绿色基因技术 在过去一万年中，人类改变了他们所利用 的农作物。起初是无意的，后来则是刻意的。今天的作物是通过淘汰选择和传统育种的方法而得到的。将来，农作物育种将可能会进行更有针对性的改进。 科学破译了遗传信息密码。绿色基因技术是作物育种的一种有效工具，使我们能够以更快速度开发新的作物，更有针对性地改良作物性状。这些新作
13、物由此产效增高，成分优化，能生产出有价值的物质，满足顾客和农产品加工业的期望和要求。这些作物的新陈代谢能个别修改，从而生产具有特殊性能的淀粉、蛋白质和脂肪。通过基因转移，增强植物抵抗病毒、细菌、有害真菌和害虫的能力。 转基因改良的作 物抗环境胁迫能力得以提高，所以能较好地从干燥的土壤中吸收水份，能更有效地利用土壤养份。我们还能优化杂草控制。这样，使作物能忍耐那些环保易降解除草剂。这个说说容易，做起来就不是那么回事了。尽管如此，我们已经获得了成功：早在 1995年 “革新者 ”牌就推向了加拿大市场。这就是第一代含油作物的变体品种，含有抗草铵膦基因，因此可以自由方便地使用农业环保公司生产的广谱除草
14、剂。 我们采用绿色基因技术，目的在于使作物育种更有效，更环保。这些转基因作物投放到市场之前，我们对其安全性进行了多年研究与试验，直到所有问题都明朗化。这是一个实现我们目标的大好机遇。我们的目标是：应用更快捷的方法来培育品种，在将来不断向我们提供足够的食物和原料。化石能源储备不久将被耗尽。专家们估计，原油仅够用 43年，而天然气则不到 60年。 这意味着，我们必须对此重新思考，采取行动，应用新作物品种来促进开发可重复利用的原料和能源。换言之，绿色基因技术就是可持续农业的关键技术。 【知识模块】 农业发展 二、 PART 2 Chinese-English Translation (40 poin
15、ts) Translate the following passage into English. The time for this part is 60 minutes. 2 【正确答案】 Farm Products Processing Industry Helps Chinas Agriculture Prosper In the past two decades, the agricultural processing industry has been the engine fueling the development of Chinese agriculture and fil
16、ling farmers wallets. The importance of agricultural processing in the national economy has been steadily rising during the reform years, typically the last five years of the 20th century. According to figures released by the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS), the farm products processing industry
17、 has become the most dynamic industry with a growth rate topping all industries in the national economy. In the last 10 years, its average annual growth reached 9.2 percent, higher than the current growth of the national economy and the value added by this industry hit 84.6 percent. Ou Xinqian, vice
18、-minister of the State Economic and Trade Commission, said the fast growth of the agricultural processing industry had boosted the market for Chinese agricultural products, and promoted the upgrade of agriculture generally. He added that the huge leaps in the industry created the power to propel the
19、 national economy. Processing farm products also brings Chinese farmers better incomes. More and more township enterprises are forging a relationship that shares benefits with local farmers, which ensures business profits and also cuts risks for agricultural producers. So far, the agricultural proce
20、ssing industry has created more than 15 million job opportunities for Chinese farmers throughout the country. The industry is also speeding up the restructuring of Chinese agriculture. Minister of Agriculture, Du Qinglin, revealed government targets for setting up a secured system for farm products
21、supply, a system of processing industries, a system of quality control and safety, a system of technical innovations and a system of policy support to conform with WTO rules. Du said China had to rely on these five systems to broaden agricultural reforms and economic restructuring in rural areas. Ac
22、cording to the analysis drawn by Liu Zengsheng, director of the Bureau of Township Enterprises of the Ministry of Agriculture, setting up the above five systems will gradually help change the severe situation facing Chinese agriculture after the WTO entry and will increase the competitiveness of Chinese farm products. We are confident that, by the year 2005, farm product processing will play a more vital role in the national economy and with the continuous optimizing of regional resources, China is sure to participate in international competition with new vigor. 【知识模块】 农业发展
