1、卫生保健练习试卷 3及答案与解析 一、 PART 1 English-Chinese Translation (60 points) Translate the following passage into Chinese. The time for this part is 120 minutes. 1 The On-going Debate over Healthcare Reform The public debate over healthcare reform which the Nassau Guardian alone stirred up several weeks ago i
2、s at a curious point. It seems that the governments so-called Blue Ribbon Commission has already decided what plan it will propose without undertaking any public consultation and is now merely engaged in a PR campaign to convince us they have the answer. This seems a little head over heels to us. Si
3、nce it is our money and our health that is in question, shouldnt we have been consulted at the break about which way we want to go? There are several models to achieve healthcare reform, and not all of them require us to hand more money over to keep government bureaucrats in big offices. Purely priv
4、ate healthcare may have big problemsbut so does the socialised medicine the commission is recommending. For example, Canadas universal system of socialised medicine is now busily engaged in transferring costs from the public to the private sector by reducing covered expenses, by deinsuring some expe
5、nses and so on. Medical authorities are on record as saying that in an effort to manage costs, hospital stays are being shortened (or even dispensed with altogether). So while we in the Bahamas are citing universal free health care as the answer to our problems, in Canada there is an uncoordinated s
6、cramble by the public system to reduce and offioad the effects of rising health care costs. And we wont even mention the litany of complaints from users who have to wait for poor service. But what mostly concerns us about the Blue Ribbon Commission is that they have plumped for social health insuran
7、ce without determining the cost of their recommended programme, or of the alternatives. And they do not seem to have taken into account the impact this plan will have on the fiscal deficit or on our individual pockets. Apparently, the position is that whatever the cost, this is the plan that will be
8、 presented to parliament. An initiative so far-reaching and so potentially damaging to our economy, should require more careful assessment of the alternatives in public. There is always more than one way to skin a cat. And we do not believe that a small group of consultants constitutes the public 二、
9、 PART 2 Chinese-English Translation (40 points) Translate the following passage into English. The time for this part is 60 minutes. 2 人人享有基本医疗卫生服务 2008年，中国民众期待已久的新医改将要启动了。在 1月 7日召开的全国卫生工作会议上，卫生部部长陈竺表示， 2008年的主要任务是选择部分地区，围绕改革重点内容开展试点，为在全国范围深化改革探索经验，以实现人人享有基本医疗卫生服务的目标，保证广大群众病有所医。 现阶段国家卫生部的核心工作是建设和完善覆盖
10、城乡居民的公共卫生服务体系、医疗服务体系、医疗保障体系和药品供应保障体系， 为城镇和农村居民提供安全、有效、方便、价廉的医疗卫生服务。 副部长高强在会上提出，要走中国特色社会主义卫生发展道路，盲目引进西方发达国家的卫生发展模式就会发生失误。国务院副总理吴仪还强调，卫生是公益性事业，不能照搬经济领域的经验和做法。 基本医疗卫生制度必须坚持为人民服务的方向，坚持公共医疗卫生的公益性质，切断药品销售与医疗机构的经济利益关系，加大政府责任，增加政府投入。关于政府的财政补助，陈竺强调补 “供方 ”，即财政补助公立医疗机构。他强调政府要加大对公共卫生、农村卫生、城市社区卫生的财政投入。 卫生部部长陈竺指出
11、， “到 2020年实现人人享有基本医疗卫生服务 ”是卫生工作的重大战略目标。他说， “人人享有 ”的本质含义是 “公平享有 ”，任何公民，无论年龄、性别、职业、地域、支付能力等，都享有同等权利。人人享有基本医疗卫生服务的一个重要着眼点是促进公平。因此，必须采取切实措施逐步缩小当前在医疗卫生方面存在的地区之间、不同群体之间和城乡之间的差异。 卫生保健练习试卷 3答案与解析 一、 PART 1 English-Chinese Translation (60 points) Translate the following passage into Chinese. The time for thi
12、s part is 120 minutes. 1 【正确答案】 关于医疗改革的争论仍在继续 (几星期以前由拿骚卫报发起的有关医疗改革的公众辩论目前正处在一个有趣的阶段。 ) 看来政府所谓的特别委员会还未曾征询公众的意见，就已经决定了要向政府建议实行哪一项医疗改革计划。现在，他们只需要搞一场公关活动，说服我们相信他们的决定就行了。 然而，对我们而言，这样的做法似乎有点搞颠倒 了。医疗改革关系到我们的钱和我们的健康，难道不应该首先问问我们想怎么改吗 ? 医疗改革的模式有好几种，并不是每种模式都需要我们投入更多的钱，好让那些政府官僚舒舒服服地坐在宽敞的办公室里。医疗卫生完全私有化也许会有大问题，但是
13、委员会所推荐的公费医疗制也一样问题重重。 例如，加拿大的全民公费医疗体制现正通过缩小公费医疗项目的范围以及限制保险等方式尽可能地将公费医疗的费用转移到私人承担部分。 该国医疗当局公开宣布，为了解决资金问题，患者住院的时间正逐步缩短，将来甚至还会完全取消住院这一项。 当我们巴哈马群岛还在引用全民 “免费 ”医疗体制作为我们医疗改革的方向时，加拿大的公共体制关于降低、抵消不断上升的医疗成本的争论早已此起彼伏了，更不用说那些满腹牢骚的患者了，他们苦苦等来的只是劣质的医疗服务。 不过我们最关心的问题还是，特选委员会虽然已经投票赞成公费医疗保险制度，可他们并没有搞清楚这种改革方案或是其它方案到底需要多少
14、资金。 而且他们似乎也没有考虑过这样的计划将会对国家的财政赤字或是我们个人的腰包产生什么样的影响。显而易见，现在的情况就是，无论要花多少钱，提交给国会的方案就是这个了。 像这样一个影响范围如此之广，而且可能对我国经济造成巨大损失的提案，应该由公众对它及其它可供选择的方案进行更为谨慎的评估。解决问题的办法从来都不只一个。我们可不认为一小撮顾问的意见就可以代表 “公众 ”的意见。 【知识模块】 卫生保健 二、 PART 2 Chinese-English Translation (40 points) Translate the following passage into English. Th
15、e time for this part is 60 minutes. 2 【正确答案】 Universal Health Coverage to All Chinese In 2008, the new medical reform plan long awaited by the Chinese people is to be piloted. At the National Health Conference on January 7, Health Minister Chen Zhu said that the major task of 2008 is to pilot key is
16、sues listed in the newly-outlined medical reform plan in some selected regions to accumulate experience before a nationwide implementation, so that eventually the aim of universal basic medical services will be reached and it can be guaranteed that everybody will get proper treatment once he/she is
17、sick. Currently the focus of the Ministry of Health is on the construction and improvement of public health service system, medical service system, medicare system and medical supply system, aiming to provide safe, effective, convenient and low-cost health and medicare service to both rural and urba
18、n citizens. Vice Minister of Health Gao Qiang said at the conference that the countrys medical and health development will follow a path with Chinese characteristics because blindly imitating models of the Western developed countries will only lead to mistakes. Moreover, Vice Premier Wu Yi stressed
19、that health care is a cause of public welfare, experience and practice in the economic field cannot be simply applied. To establish a basic medicare network, we must adhere to the orientation of serving the people, ensure the non-profit nature of public medical institutions, cut hospitals involvemen
20、t in drag sales, and increase governmental responsibility and input. Speaking of the governments financial aid, Chen Zhu put emphasis on sponsoring the supplier, i.e. public medical organizations. He also said that the government should increase the financial input on public health care, rural and u
21、rban community health care. Health Minister Chen Zhu outlined the strategic goal as “everyone be entitled to basic medical care and health services by 2020“, which means, “citizens of any age, sex and profession, or living in any place and with any kind of payment capabilities, are entitled to the same level of medicare“. A basic point of “universal health coverage“ is to promote equality. Therefore, measures have to be taken to gradually narrow the gap in development of healthcare in different regions or among different social groups, and between urban and rural areas. 【知识模块】 卫生保健
