[外语类试卷]口译三级综合能力(听力综述)模拟试卷2及答案与解析.doc
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1、口译三级综合能力(听力综述)模拟试卷 2及答案与解析 一、 PART 4 (30 points, 30 minutes) Listen to the following passage. Write a short English summary of around 150 words of what you have heard. You will hear the passage only ONCE and you will have 25 minutes to finish you English summary at the end of the recording. This par
2、t of test carries 30 points. You may need to scribble a few notes in order to write your summary satisfactorily. 1 Causes of Occupational Stress Vocabulary and Expressions Cortisol gastrointestinal buffer 2 Life Lessons Travel Has Taught Me Vocabulary and Expressions hustle and bustle catalyst Depra
3、ved philosophize Louis Vuitton bag abject 3 The Advantages and Disadvantages of Urban Living Vocabulary and Expressions tertiary institution GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) cutting-edge technology exorbitant 4 Global Warming: Plants May Absorb More Carbon Dioxide Than Previously Though
4、t Vocabulary and Expressions take into account photosynthesis terrestrial irreversible thrive carbohydrate biosphere responsive 口译三级综合能力(听力综述)模拟试卷 2答案与解析 一、 PART 4 (30 points, 30 minutes) Listen to the following passage. Write a short English summary of around 150 words of what you have heard. You w
5、ill hear the passage only ONCE and you will have 25 minutes to finish you English summary at the end of the recording. This part of test carries 30 points. You may need to scribble a few notes in order to write your summary satisfactorily. 1 【听力原文】 Causes of Occupational Stress Job stress results fr
6、om various interactions of the worker and the environment of the work they perform their duties. Location, gender, environment, and many other factors contribute to the buildup of stress. Job stress results from the interaction of the worker and the conditions of work. Views differ on the importance
7、 of worker characteristics versus working conditions as the primary cause of job stress. The differing viewpoints suggest different ways to prevent stress at work. Differences in individual characteristics such as personality and coping skills can be very important in predicting whether certain job
8、conditions will result in stress. In other words, what is stressful for one person may not be a problem for someone else. This viewpoint underlies prevention strategies that focus on workers and ways to help them cope with demanding job conditions. Working conditions Although the importance of indiv
9、idual differences cannot be ignored, scientific evidence suggests that certain working conditions are stressful to most people. Such evidence argues for a greater emphasis on working conditions as the key source of job stress, and for job redesign as a primary prevention strategy. Large surveys of w
10、orking conditions, including conditions recognized as risk factors for job stress, were conducted in member states of the European Union in the last decades. Results showed a time trend suggesting an increase in work intensity. Workload In an occupational setting, dealing with workload can be stress
11、ful and serve as a stressor for employees. There are three aspects of workload that can be stressful. Quantitative workload or overload: Having more work to do than can be accomplished comfortably. Qualitative workload: Having work that is too difficult. Underload: Having work that fails to use a wo
12、rkers skills and abilities. Workload has been linked to a number of strains, including anxiety, physiological reactions such as Cortisol, fatigue, backache, headache, and gastrointestinal problems. Workload as a work demand is a major component of the demand-control model of stress. This model sugge
13、sts that jobs with high demands can be stressful, especially when the individual has low control over the job. In other words, control serves as a buffer or protective factor when demands or workload is high. This model was expanded into the demand-control-support model that suggests that the combin
14、ation of high control and high social support at work buffers the effects of high demands. As a work demand, workload is also relevant to the job demands-resources model of stress that suggests that jobs are stressful when demands exceed the individuals resources to deal with them. Long hours A subs
15、tantial percentage of Americans work very long hours. By one estimate, more than 26% of men and more than 11% of women worked 50 hours per week or more 15 years ago. These figures represent a considerable increase over the previous three decades, especially for women. According to the Department of
16、Labor, there has been a rise in increasing amount of hours in the work place by employed women, an increase in extended work weeks ( 40 hours)by men, and a considerable increase in combined working hours among working couples, particularly couples with young children. 1 【正确答案】 Job stress results fro
17、m various factors, including interactions of the worker and the work environment, location, gender, personality and coping skills etc. Besides above, working conditions, workload and long hours contribute to occupational stress. Working conditions is the key source of job stress and stressful to mos
18、t people. Large surveys of working conditions showed a time trend suggesting an increase in work intensity. Three aspects of workload can be stressful: quantitative workload (overload), qualitative workload and underload, which has been linked to a number of strains, including anxiety, physiological
19、 reactions and may be stressful especially when the individual has low control over the job, or when demands exceed the individuals resources to deal with them. Long hours work is universal in America and some figures represent a considerable increase over the previous three decades, especially for
20、women. 【试题解析】 此文思路非常清晰,题目统领全文:造成压力的因素;三个小标题为各部分主旨,造成压力的三个主要因素:工作环境、工作量和加班;每部分第一句为 topic sentence。在工作量部分又细分为三类影响因素: a工作数量,即超额工作量, 指工作量太大,员工难以轻松应付; b工作质量,即工作太难;c工作量不多,即工作太易,员工不足以发挥其能力水平。把握住了这些,再加上每部分的细节信息,基本上可以比较全面地理解文章。 【知识模块】 听力综述 2 【听力原文】 Life Lessons Travel Has Taught Me Over the years, Ive found
21、I do some of my best thinking when Im traveling. Away from the hustle and bustle of life back home, between checking my phone for texts and being pushed to “succeed“ , I find that I can relax and philosophize in journey. While traveling, its common to have long train rides, plane journeys or bus com
22、mutes that leave me just enough time to just sit back, stare out the window, and reflect. Being in a beautiful place or experiencing something “once in a lifetime“ is also a great catalyst for some deep thinking. I really think that travelling abroad over the years has helped me become a better pers
23、on. Those lessons Ive learned abroad wouldnt have taken hold in me if I hadnt experienced them overseas. So when I am doubtful, sad or trying to tell people that I dont just throw my money out the window and get drunk while traveling, that it actually has MEANING to me, that I actually grow and impr
24、ove from my experiences abroad, I remind myself of these lessons Ive learned hopping around the world. I truly believe that world travel is the best education you can get. Traveling around the world taught me to reevaluate my priorities in life, and I learned to value experiences more than clothes a
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