[外语类试卷]口译二级实务模拟试卷10及答案与解析.doc

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1、口译二级实务模拟试卷 10及答案与解析 一、 PART 1 English-Chinese Translation (50 points, 30 minutes) Interpret the following passages from English into Chinese. Start interpreting at the signal and stop it at the signal. You may take notes while you are listening. You will hear the passages only ONCE. Now lets begin.

2、1 I would like to comment on the relationship between the growth of the world economy and the role of macroeconomic policies. Let me begin with a review of the world economy. The world economy has performed much better than many feared a year ago. Current projections are that global growth will reac

3、h 4.5% this year, the highest rate of the last five years. Once again the major impetus has come from the United States. But the extremely rapid industrialization of China has also stimulated global growth. Why has it turned out better than expected? Two broad explanations might be ventured. The fir

4、st explanation is simply the globalization of market forces. An increasing proportion of economic activity is being governed by the market. In the space of only 15 years, some large command economies have undergone economic reform and become market economies. All this has unleashed a dynamic for gro

5、wth that remains very strong, especially in China, India and Russia. However, the second explanation is not so reassuring. We realize that growth over the past few years has been brought about in no small measure by, very expansionary macroeconomic policies. These have included massive fiscal stimul

6、us in the United States, policy interest rates in the major countries held at or near postwar lows for some time, and an unprecedented amount of foreign exchange intervention by monetary authorities in Asia. Unlike structural reforms, the effects of such policy stimulus are only temporary, and the c

7、urrent stance of policies cannot continue indefinitely. I think we need to take some effective measures to ensure the stable growth of the world economy. Evidence accumulates that macroeconomic policies will need to be tightened. Without putting what has been achieved at risk, of course. Fiscal poli

8、cy, monetary policy and exchange rate policy ail need to be considered in this light. Let me start with the industrial world. The US government budget, which was in surplus to the equivalent of 1% of GDP in 2000, is likely to register a deficit 9f 5% of GDP this year, a deterioration of the US fisca

9、l position without precedent since the Second World War. Japans general government deficit remains at around 8% of GDP. Deficits in some large economies in the euro area are also disturbing. Therefore, early action to curb such deficits is all the more important. Although comparatively high unemploy

10、ment is limiting nominal wage increases and spare capacity in manufacturing worldwide reinforces the competitive pressure on prices, there are signs that inflation is edging higher. Japan is slowly emerging from deflation. The pace of consumer price inflation in China has increased sharply in recent

11、 months, and there is evidence that prices are beginning to rise faster in some other Asian economies. I think positively of recent macroeconomic policies that allow exchange rate to appreciate. The eventual movement in exchange rates could be more abrupt than if a greater degree of flexibility had

12、not been allowed earlier. The expansion in domestic liquidity associated with the foreign exchange intervention policy could ultimately lead to inflation. Markets could become too dependent on the continued intervention, and could then be seriously destabilized by even a hint of a change in policy.

13、My last word of advice is this: The stance of macroeconomic policies cannot remain as expansionary if stability is to be maintained in the medium term. We should avoid the two extremes of either putting the entire burden on exchange rates or not allowing exchange rates to move at all. 2 Steven Spiel

14、bergs first films were made at a time when directors were the most important people in Hollywood, and his more recent ones at a time when marketing controls the industry. He has remained the most powerful filmmaker in the world during both periods, which says something for his talent and his flexibi

15、lity. Spielbergs most important contribution to modem movies is his acute insight to find and attract a large audience. He ingeniously revised old-style B-movie stories with A-level craftsmanship and enhanced them with the latest developments in special effects. Considering such movies as the “India

16、na Jones“ series and “Jurassic Park“. The story lines were the mediocre stuff, but the filmmaking was cutting edge and delivered what films have always desired: they showed us something amazing that we hadnt seen before. The master image created in movies expresses something fundamental about the wa

17、y the filmmakers see things. Spielberg once said that his master image was a simultaneous combination of brightness and mystery. This appears in many of his films. In Spielberg, the light source conceals mystery, whereas for many other directors it is darkness that conceals mystery. The difference i

18、s that for Spielberg, mystery offers promise instead of threat. One day he talked about a previous experience. “My dad took me out to see a meteor shower when I was a little kid,“ he said, “and it was scary for me because he woke me up in the middle of the night. My heart was beating; I didnt know w

19、hat he wanted to do. He wouldnt tell me, and he put me in the car and we went off, and I saw ail these people lying on blankets, looking up at the sky. And my dad spread out a blanket. We lay down and looked at the sky, and I saw for the first time all these meteors.“ “What scared me was being awake

20、ned in the middle of the night and taken somewhere without being told where. But what didnt scare me, but was very soothing, was watching this meteor shower. And I think from that moment on, I never looked at the sky and thought it was a bad place.“ Spielberg has always maintained superb quality con

21、trol and when his films work, they work on every level that a film can roach. When his films are shown, they will conquer the most sophisticated filmgoers in the world and invite them to tears and cheers. 二、 PART 2 Chinese-English Translation (50 points, 30 minutes) Interpret the following passages

22、from Chinese into English. Start interpreting at the signal and stop it at the signal. You may take notes while you are listening. You will hear the passages only ONCE. Now lets begin. 3 儿童的生存、保护和发展是提高人口素质的基础,直接关系到一个国家和民族的前途与命运。中华民族素有 “携幼 ”、 “爱幼 ”的传统美德,中国古语 “幼吾幼以及人之幼 ”流传至今。 中国政府一向以认真和负责的态度,高度关心和重视儿童

23、的生存、保护和发展,把 “提高全民族素质,从儿童抓起 ”作为社会主义现代化建没的根本大计,在全社会倡导树立 “爱护儿童、教育儿童、为儿童做表率、为儿童办实事 ”的公民意识,并努力为儿童事业的发展创造良好的社会条件。 中国实行 改革开放政策以来,儿童工作进一步走上社会化、科学化、法制化的轨道,儿童工作成为国家建设和全社会义务的重要组成部分。 为了切实保护儿童权益,中国的立法、司法、政府各有关部门以及社会团体都建立了相应的机制,以监督、实施和促进保护儿童事业的健康发展。作为中国最高国家权力机关的全国人民代表大会,其内务司法委员会负责妇女儿童权益保障的立法和执法监督检查,委员会内设立了妇女、儿童专门

24、小组,配有专职人员。 中国政府一直把儿童教育置于整个教育事业发展的优先地位。在政府和全社会的共同努力下,近年来,中国的儿童 教育事业有了很大发展,许多指标优先于其他发展中国家,有的接近发达国家水平。 中国动员社会采取多种方式关心和帮助残疾儿童的成长,大力弘扬残疾儿童自强不息的精神,倡导团结、友爱、互助的社会风尚。大众传媒积极反映残疾儿童的生活,报道残疾人事业发展情况。广播、电视普遍开办残疾儿童专题节目,并配制手语、字幕。逐步实行方便残疾人的城市道路和建筑物设计规范,采取无障碍设施等措施,为残疾儿童的生存和发展创造良好的社会环境。 为促进儿童保护领域的国际合作,中国政府和社会力量在扎实、有效地做

25、好国内儿童生存、保护 和发展工作的同时,还积极参与有关儿童生存、保护和发展的全球性和区域性国际合作与交流活动。多年来,中国与联合国儿童基金会、联合国教科文组织和世界卫生组织在有关儿童保护领域进行了卓有成效的合作,得到了有关国际组织和权威人士的好评。 4 中国经济高速发展,需要大量的矿产品及相关的能源与原材料加工制品。每年消耗的矿石量达 60多亿吨,位居世界前列。 中国政府为实现经济的可持续发展,在矿产资源勘查、开发领域制定了一系列的法律、法规和政策,形成了既适合中国国情又基本与国际接轨的矿产资源勘查、开发政策法 律体系。中国政府积极履行人世承诺,主动调整了法律法规和行政职能,建立了一个多元、稳

26、定的矿产资源贸易体系,保障了出口矿产品的市场和进口矿产品货源的稳定。 经过科学探测,我们对我国矿产资源的分布有了更清楚的认识:中国煤炭和石油的特点是资源丰富但结构不理想。煤炭资源蕴藏量大,煤种齐全,但优质炼焦用煤和无烟煤储量不多;分布广泛,但储量丰度悬殊,东少西多,北丰南贫。中国石油资源储量大,是世界可采资源量大于 150亿吨的 10个国家之一,但是资源的探明程度低,陆上探明石油地质储量仅占全部资源的 20%,近海海域的探明 程度更低;分布比较集中,大于 10万平方千米的 14个盆地的石油资源量占全国的 73%;油气资源埋藏深,地质条件复杂。 中国矿产资源遍布于全国各地,但因所处大地构造带和成

27、矿地质条件的不同,各地区矿产资源分布不均,其矿种、储量、质量差异较大,形成了东、中、西部各地域矿产资源的不同特征。西部地区矿产资源分布集中,比较优势突出,具备形成优势支柱产业的资源基础。全国已查明资源储量的 157种矿产中,西部地区拥有 138种。此外,西部地区的有色金属储量丰富,不少金属和非金属矿石也具有较高的品质等级。 我们将本着 建设一个资源节约型社会的精神,合理开发和利用我国的矿产资源,推动发展循环经济,以造福于全人类。 口译二级实务模拟试卷 10答案与解析 一、 PART 1 English-Chinese Translation (50 points, 30 minutes) In

28、terpret the following passages from English into Chinese. Start interpreting at the signal and stop it at the signal. You may take notes while you are listening. You will hear the passages only ONCE. Now lets begin. 1 【正确答案】 我想谈一下全球经济增长与宏观政策作用之间的关系。我先来回顾一下全球经济。全球经济的表现比一年前人们所担心的要好得多了,现在预计全球经济增长今年将达到

29、4.5%,为五年以来的最高水平。美国再一次成为全球经济增长的主动力,但是中国急速的工业化进程也刺激了全球的经济增长。 为什么会比预期要好 ?有两个解释。第一个解释是市场动力的全球化。现在的经济活动越来越多地由市场调控。仅仅在过去的 15年时间内,一些实行计划经济的大国通过重大的经济改革,已转变为市场经济,这些都为增长带来了活力,中国、印度和俄罗斯的增长尤为明显。 但是第二个解释不太令人放心。我们看到全球经济大规模的增长都是在极其扩张的宏观经济政策的指导下实现的,例如:美国采取了大量的财政刺激手段,主要经济体的政策性利率都维持在几乎是二战以来的最低水平,一些亚洲国家对外汇进行了前所未有的干预。与

30、结构性改革不同的是,这些政策的刺激效果只是暂时 的,这种政策性的做法是不可能无限制地使用的。 我们应该采取一些有效的措施以确保全球经济稳定增长。越来越多的迹象表明,全球需要采取紧缩的宏观政策,当然了,不能牺牲来之不易的成果。财政政策、货币政策和汇率政策都应该加以考虑。 先说说发达国家吧。美国财政预算赤字曾在 2000年超出 GDP的 1%,今年赤字将达到 GDP的 5%,财政赤字达到了二战以来最糟糕的程度。日本财政赤字仍然占到其 GDP的 8%,欧元区许多主要经济体的赤字状况也令人不安。因此尽早采取措施防止财政状况的恶化是十分重要的。 虽然高 失业率限制了名义工资的增长,全球制造业产能的过剩也

31、使物价上涨受压,但是我们仍然可以看到一些通货膨胀的迹象。日本也正缓慢地走出通货紧缩阴影,中国消费者物价指数最近几个月来快速上升,有迹象表明其他一些亚洲国家的物价也开始加速上升。 我看好近年来实施的容许货币升值的宏观经济政策。如果不允许更大程度的汇率浮动,汇率的最终变动可能来得更为突然。外汇干预会使国内市场的流动资金增量,从而引起通货膨胀。金融市场会过度依赖持续的外汇干预,任何一个预示政策可能改变的小信号都可能引起市场的大动荡。我的最后忠告是,如果全球 经济要在中期保持稳定,宏观政策不能太具扩张性。要避免两种极端,既不能让汇率承担一切,也不能让汇率一成不变。 【试题解析】 本文是一篇关于世界经济

32、发展方面的讲话。本文介绍了全球经济的良好态势,并指出了两个原因:一个是市场动力的全球化,另一个是扩张的宏观经济政策的指导。另外,本文还对今后的经济发展提出了一些建议,主要是实施紧缩的宏观政策,并从财政政策、货币政策和汇率政策三方面进行了阐述。 本文要求应试者掌握一定的世界经济常识和与之相关的专门词汇和表达方式,这依赖于应试者平时的知识积累,是翻 译的基本要求。此外,应试者还需要在短时间内,对长难句进行正确的理解、分析、简化或切分,把握好两种语言各自的特色,完成双语间的转换;对于一些较为生僻的短语和表达法,不能死译、硬译,而应该充分联系上下文灵活变通,使译文通顺流畅。 -基本素质采分点 以下单词

33、或短语是本文所要考查的基础知识点,涉及相关知识领域的专有名词和一些惯用表达法,是应试者理解和翻译的基础。 1 macroeconomic policy 宏观政策 2 command economy 计划经济 3 fiscal policy 财政政策 4 monetary policy 货币政策 5 exchange rate policy 汇率政策 -结构理解采分点 下面是本文中出现的长难句,要求应试者在听的过程中迅速理解并分析出句子所包含的意群之间的逻辑关系,尊重目的语特点,将原文转换成通顺、地道的目的语。在这个转换的过程中,应试者需要完成诸如语序调整、词类转换、语态转换等翻译过程。 1 A

34、ll this has unleashed a dynamic for growth that remains very strong, especially in China, India and Russia. 原句是一个主从复合句,主句是 “All this has unleashed a dynamic for growth”,后面是一个由 “that”引导的关系从句,修饰 “growth”。从句中 “in”引导的是地点状语,起强调作用。在翻译时,可以把主句和从句切分开来,而关系从句的先行词可以采用重复的手段;后面的地点状语可以转换成 为定语。 2 These have include

35、d massive fiscal stimulus in the United States, policy interest rates in the major countries held at or near postwar lows for some time, and an unprecedented amount of foreign exchange intervention by monetary authorities in Asia. 原句看上去很长,其实是一个带有三个并列宾语的简单句,句子的主干是“These have included”,后面的三个宾语因为有了很多修饰

36、成分而显得繁杂。在听的过程中,应试者分析出三个宾语,并且确定各自相应的修饰成分。通过上文可知 “These have included”中的 “these”是在承接上文,做出具体的举例说明,所以翻译时可以灵活地翻译为 “例如 ”或 “比如 ”。句子的宾语是关键,其中重点是要把握两个地点状语 “in the United States”和 “in Asia”,抓住这两个点就能对整句 话做出条理的分析。翻译时从这两个点出发,将地点状语转换成为小分句的主语,使句子清晰而流畅。 3 The US government budget, which was in surplus to the equiva

37、lent of 1% of GDP in 2000, is likely to register a deficit of 5% of GDP this year, a deterioration of the US fiscal position without precedent since the Second World War. 原句包含一个由 “which”引导的非限定性关系从句,先行词为 “government budget”;主句中的宾语还带有复杂的同位语成分。在听的过程中,应当分清非限定性定语从句主要是用来和后面的宾语做出对照,因而抓住其中年份的变化是关键。在翻译时,可以将长

38、句切分开来,把非限定性关系从句作为整个译文的一个分句,与其他分句并列,后面的同位语可以当作一个分句,跟在所修饰成分的后面即可。译文中这些分句之间无需任何连接成分,这是汉语的特点和优势。 4 Although comparatively high unemployment is limiting nominal wage increases and spare capacity in manufacturing worldwide reinforces the competitive pressure on prices, there are signs that inflation is ed

39、ging higher 原句是一个主从复合句,前半部分是一个由 “although”引导的让步状语从句,其中 又有两个并列的、由 “and”串联起来的主谓结构;主句中有一个由 “that”引导的同位语从句,修饰 “signs”。在听的过程中,把整句话的逻辑层次关系分清楚后,主要困难就迎刃而解了。翻译时,可以顺译,充分利用汉语的特点,使用小分句,将长句切分开来。原文中的同位语从句的主句 “there are signs that.”可以使用一个固定的翻译方法,译为 “我们可以看到 的迹象 ”。 5 My last word of advice is this: The stance of mac

40、roeconomic policies cannot remain as expansionary if stability is to be maintained in the medium term. 原句中 “this”后面的冒号引出的句子是对 “this”的解释和说明;后面的分句中有一个由 “if”引导的条件状语从句。在听时,一定要注意各成分之间的关系;在翻译时要善于切分句子,要按照译入语的习惯,调整语序,将条件状语放到主句的前面。 -言语表达采分点 应试者不仅需要从宏观上整体把握原文的结构和意思,还需要从微 观上正确理解和运用一些重要词汇和表达法。 1 turn out 结果是,证明

41、是 2 in no small measure 绝大程度上 3 unprecedented 前所未有的 4 structural reforms 结构性改革 5 nominal wage 名义工资 6 there are signs that. 我们可以看到 的迹象 7 deflation 通货紧缩 8 appreciate (货币 )增值 9 domestic liquidity 国内市场的流动资金 10 a hint of 小信号,一丝苗头 2 【正确答案】 斯蒂芬 ?斯皮尔伯格最初执导电影的时候,导演在好莱坞最为重要,而如今拍摄电影正值市场控制了整个行业。无论在哪个时期他始终是 世界上最

42、有分量的制片人,这说明他才华横溢,又极富变通。 斯皮尔伯格对现代电影最重要的贡献在于他有着敏锐的视角去发现并吸引广大观众。他巧妙地把二流的电影故事用一流技巧进行改编,并用最新的特技成果进行加工。 想想印地安那 ?琼斯系列,侏罗纪公园等电影。故事情节十分平庸,但电影制作是最先进的,它们表达了电影一直所追求的东西,展现出我们从没看过的令人惊叹的东西。 电影塑造的主要意象表达了电影制作人看待事物的根本方式。斯皮尔伯格有一次说他的主要意象就是将光明和神秘同时结合起来。这出现在他 的许多电影中。 在斯皮尔伯格看来,光亮中掩藏着神秘,而对其他许多导演而言,黑暗中才掩藏着神秘。这其中的不同在于对斯皮尔伯格来

43、说,神秘给人希望而不是威胁。有一天他提到了从前的一次经历。 “我还是小孩子的时候,爸爸一次带我出去看流星雨。 ”他说, “我很怕,因为他半夜里把我叫醒,我的心跳的很厉害,不知道他要干什么。他没告诉我,把我放在车上,就开走了,然后我看见有人躺在毯子上,抬头看着天。爸爸也把毯子铺开,我们躺下,看着天,我第一次看到了流星。 ” “让我害怕的是半夜里被叫醒,带出去,但不知道去 哪里。但看流星雨并没有让我害怕,相反,我觉得非常舒服。我想从那时起,我再也不会看着天空而觉着它是个坏地方了。 ” 斯皮尔伯格总是保持着电影的卓越品质。他的电影一旦开拍,就总是在各个方面都达到电影所能做到的最好水平。每当他的电影上

44、映,它们总能征服世界上最挑剔的观众,让大家一起流泪,一起欢呼。 【试题解析】 本文是一段介绍美国著名导演斯皮尔伯格的讲话。文中主要介绍了他在影坛的地位和成就,并举例说明其伟大之处。此外,还讲述了他的电影理念,并讲述了对其产生深刻影响的小时候看流星雨的经历。 本文要求应试者掌握一定的电影通俗常识,尤其是对美国电影界有一定了解,熟悉相关的专门词汇和表达方式,这依赖于应试者平时的知识积累,是翻译的基本要求。此外,应试者还需要在短时间内,对长难句进行正确的理解、分析、简化或切分,把握好两种语言各自特色,完成双语间的转换;对于一些较为生僻的短语和表达法,不能死译、硬译,而应该充分联系上下文灵活变通,使译

45、文通顺流畅。 -基本素质采分点 以下单词或短语是本文所要考查的基础知识点,涉及相关知识领域的专有名词和一些惯用表达法,是应试者理解和翻译的基础。 1 Hollywood 好莱坞 2 filmmaker 制片人 3 Indiana Jones series 印地安那 ?琼斯系列 4 Jurassic Park 侏罗纪公园 5 meteor shower 流星雨 -结构理解采分点 下面是本文中出现的长难句,要求应试者在听的过程中迅速理解并分析出句子所包含的意群之间的逻辑关系,尊重目的语特点,将原文转 换成通顺、地道的目的语。在这个转换的过程中,应试者需要完成诸如语序调整、词类转换、语态转换等翻译过

46、程。 1 Steven Spielbergs first films were made at a time when directors were the most important people in Hollywood, and his more recent ones at a time when marketing controls the industry. 原句主干是一个由 “and”连 接的并列复句,在两个并列分句中各自包含一个由“when”引导的关系从句,修饰前面的先行词 “time”。前后两个分句结构相同,后面的分句中省略了相同的成分 “were made”。翻译时,由于

47、关系从句修饰的是“time”,所以可以把关系从句前面的主句灵活地翻译成为一个状语,关系从句作主句;对于后面的分句中的省略成分最好翻译中补充出来,因为重复对于汉语来说是一种习惯。 2 The story lines were the mediocre stuff, but the filmmaking was cutting edge and delivered what films have always desired: they showed us something amazing that we hadnt seen before. 原句的主干是由 “but”引导的复合句,后面的从句的

48、主语 “the filmmaking”又带有两个并列的谓语 “was cutting”和 “delivered”,并且后一个谓语后面跟着一个以“what”引导宾语从句,冒号后面还引出了一个解释 “what”的从句,从句中又含有一个由 “that”引导的关系从句,修饰 “something”。翻译时,整体上主要是顺译,以 “what”引导宾语从句可以固定翻译成 “所 ”字短语;最后面的关系从句,按照汉语的习惯,最好译成一个短语调整到修饰词前面。 3 In Spielberg, the light source conceals mystery, whereas for many other di

49、rectors it is darkness that conceals mystery. 原句的主干是 “whereas”连接的两个并列从句,引导两个 相互比较的对象,略带转折意味;而后面的从句中又有一个强调结构 “it is. that.”。翻译时,原文的基本结构可以保留,采取顺译即可; “whereas”可以固定地翻译成 “而 ” ;后面的强调结构可以采取一个比较带有强调意味的结构 “是 才 ” 。 4 What scared me was being awakened in the middle of the night and taken somewhere without being told where. 原句主干中包括由 “what”引导的一个主语从句,后面的 “and”连接起 “was”的两个分词结构作表语;使用 “what”结构,目的在于强调, “what”在从句中是主语,翻译时,此结构可翻译成 “令

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