1、口译二级实务模拟试卷 23及答案与解析 一、 PART 1 English-Chinese Translation (50 points, 30 minutes) Interpret the following passages from English into Chinese. Start interpreting at the signal and stop it at the signal. You may take notes while you are listening. You will hear the passages only ONCE. Now lets begin.
2、1 下面你将听到联合国秘书长接受有关奖项的一段讲话。 Mr. Chairman, Excellencies, Ladies and Gentlemen, I should like, first of all, to once again thank the Norwegian Nobel Committee for the award they have made to the United Nations Peace-Keeping Operations. Their decision has been acclaimed all over the world. I take this o
3、pportunity also to express once again my deep gratitude to the countries, which have contributed troops or provided logistical support to these operations. It is to their willing cooperation that we owe the success of this great experiment in conflict control. Peace the word evokes the simplest and
4、most cherished dream of humanity. Peace is, and has always been, the ultimate human aspiration. And yet our history shows that while we speak incessantly of peace, our actions tell a very different story. Peace is an easy word to say in any language. As Secretary-General of the United Nations, I hea
5、r it so frequently from so many different mouths and different sources, that it sometimes seems to me to be a general incantation more or less deprived of practical meaning. What do we really mean by peace? Human nature being what it is, peace must inevitably be a relative condition. The essence of
6、life is struggle and competition, and to the extent perfect peace is an almost meaningless abstraction. Struggle and competition are stimulating, but when they degenerate into conflict they are usually both destructive and disruptive. The aim of political institutions like the UN is to draw the line
7、 between struggle and conflict and to make it possible for nations to stay on the right side of the line. Peace-keeping operations are one very practical means of doing this. What we are trying to create in the UN is a world where nations recognize at the same time the ultimate futility of war and t
8、he collective responsibility that men and women everywhere share for ensuring a decent future. All human experience seems to show that in international, as in national, affairs, rule of law is an essential objective for any society wishing to survive in reasonable conditioas. We now recognize that a
9、ll humanity the whole population of mis planet has in many respects become, through the revolutionary force of technological and other changes, a single society. The evolution of international law and international authority may well be decisive in determining whether this global society is going to
10、 survive in reasonable conditions. In a larger perspective, we must work towards a time when war will cease to be an acceptable option of national policy or a possible means of settling disputes, and when a reliable international system will take its place. From this perspective, the development of
11、international peacekeeping has an essential place, just as the concept of a civil police was essential to the development of rule of law within nation states. I hope that the attention now being given to peacekeeping, which is symbolized by the award of the Nobel Peace Prize, will not only strengthe
12、n our capacity to conduct the affairs of nations but also stimulate a wider effort to consider the new means and the new institutions needed to ensure a better common future. Thank you. 2 下面你将听到外国媒体就中国艾滋病问题的一段评论。 HIV/AIDS is now recognized clearly as a growing threat to China. According to official
13、Chinese estimates, China now has approximately 840,000 persons infected with HIV. As of the end of 2003, only 62,159 persons had been tested and officially confirmed to be HIV-positive. The remaining HIV-positive persons in China, estimated at 780,000 persons or more, are not known to public health
14、authorities, and the individuals themselves probably do not know their status, posing significant risks for the further spread of HIV. Senior Chinese officials, as well as international experts operational in China, now assert that HIV is steadily moving from source population such as injecting drug
15、 users and commercial sex workers into the general population. However, China has made important advances in outlook, policy and resource commitments. New leaders have emerged in China with a stronger commitment to improving social welfare and to addressing HIV/AIDS in particular. China has initiate
16、d a more proactive response to the HIV/AIDS challenge, including a national treatment and care program. New policy guidelines promote “four frees and one care“: free drug treatment for poor citizens, free testing and counseling for poor citizens, free treatment to prevent mother-to-child transmissio
17、n of HIV, free schooling for AIDS orphans, and care for families affected by HIV/AIDS. Senior leaders have committed to implementing harm reduction strategies, including condom promotion, needle exchange, and methadone substitution therapy for drug addicts. Formidable challenges lie ahead. In spite
18、of many positive developments, daunting challenges political, technical, and normative lie ahead for China to combat HIV/AIDS. It is difficult to overstate the scale and challenges in terms of planning, costs, logistics, human resources, technical capacity, and the pervasive problems posed by stigma
19、. Weak and incomplete national HIV testing and surveillance system, debilitated and dysfunctional public health system, particularly in rural areas, serious lack of qualified personnel and the necessary equipment and technologies to properly diagnose, counsel, treat, monitor and care for HIV/AIDS, j
20、ust to name a few. US-based commentators have suggested that success in addressing HIV/AIDS in China will require continued high-level leadership, both in China and internationally. For engaged US policymakers, as well as country leaders and heads of international organizations, priority should lie
21、in near- to medium-term steps which sustain Chinese leaderships focus on HIV/AIDS and public health. Chinas formidable structural and organizational weaknesses must be addressed systematically. Failure to implement a more strategically coordinated plan risks the loss of international support over ti
22、me. Prevention and awareness should receive higher priority in Chinas strategic national plan to combat HIV/AIDS. And human resources development, through education and training of medical professionals, is crucial. 二、 PART 2 Chinese-English Translation (50 points, 30 minutes) Interpret the followin
23、g passages from Chinese into English. Start interpreting at the signal and stop it at the signal. You may take notes while you are listening. You will hear the passages only ONCE. Now lets begin. 3 下面你将听到一段关于中国教育状况的介绍。 中国人历来重视教育，实施 “独生子女 ”政策后尤为如此。中国家庭的平均教育支出约占其收入的 15，而据中国社会调查所的一项研究成果显示，有 43的家庭都设立了专门
24、账户，用来支付孩子的教育费用。 近年来，私立学校也开始在中国流行起来。这些学校鼓励校方和家长共同为学校募集办学资金。现在每个在校生的教育费用有三分之一来自政府以外的渠道。 在中国，考取大学的竞争十分激烈，因而越来越多的学生选择到国外，特别是英国深造。现在去英国深造 的中国学生人数超过了任何一个西方国家。据中国驻英使馆统计，目前英国共有 6 5万名中国留学生。这些学生每年为英国大学带来高达2 5亿英镑的学费收入。 在建国以来的 55年里，中国在教育方面取得了巨大的进步。据联合国称， 1949年中国的文盲率高达 80，而到了 2002年中国的文盲率已降至 15以下。 尽管如此，据联合国统计，中国的
25、人均教育经费在 129个国家里仅名列第 100名。中国政府意识到，要提高这一世界排名，还需要投入更多的资源。 为了进一步提高教育水平，中国政府计划到 2010年将教育经 费增加到占国内生产总值 4的水平。而在 10年前，教育经费只占当年国内生产总值的 2 6。 4 下面你将听到一段题为 “说聪明 ”的论述。 聪明的人，智力发达、记忆和理解能力也强。聪明是好事，是财富，应好好利用，用于进步，用于获取知识，用于为祖国为人民做好事，为大家也为自己好。应该承认，人和人不一样，有的人就是聪明。周恩来就是一个聪明的人，早在年轻的时候，他的一个同龄人就说过： “周恩来浑身都是聪明。 ” 但是，周恩来一生取得
26、那么多伟大成就靠什么呢 ?靠的是努力，是刻苦，是呕心沥血，是鞠躬尽瘁，是对 祖国、对党、对人民的无限忠诚。中国之大，人口之多，相信比周恩来聪明的人大有人在，但有几个能像周恩来那样永远留在人民心中呢 ? 聪明的人加上努力是最好的，是最能成功的。能做到聪明加努力的人常常并不认为自己是聪明的。相反，他总觉得自己的聪明还很不够，所以非常努力。新的发明创造无不是聪明人总结实践经验，进行反复验证，经过苦思冥想，刻苦钻研出来的，而不是不费气力地依赖聪明自然而然地长出来的。 不努力，即使聪明的人也会一事无成。不努力本身就很不聪明。由此可见，成功秘诀的首要一点还是努力而不是聪明。再说聪 明又是从哪里来的呢 ?不
27、可否认有遗传的因素，但如果一个天生聪明的孩子不上学，不进行很多后天的训练，恐怕就很难再聪明下去了。就绝大多数情况来说，人的聪明是经过后天的努力培育出来的。 口译二级实务模拟试卷 23答案与解析 一、 PART 1 English-Chinese Translation (50 points, 30 minutes) Interpret the following passages from English into Chinese. Start interpreting at the signal and stop it at the signal. You may take notes wh
28、ile you are listening. You will hear the passages only ONCE. Now lets begin. 1 【正确答案】 主席先生，各位使节，女士们，先生们： 首先我要再次感谢挪威诺贝尔奖委员会决定颁奖给联合国维持和平行动。他们的决定受到了全世界的欢迎。我还要借此机会向那些为维和行动派遣部队或提供后勤支援的国家表示深切的谢意。我们要把 这种成功遏止冲突的伟大实验归功于他们的自愿合作。 和平，这个词唤起了对人性最朴素、最珍爱的梦想。和平现在是，而且始终是人类最热切的渴望。然而我们的历史却表明，当我们喋喋不休地谈论和平时，我们的行动却在讲述着完全不
29、同的故事。和平在任何语言中都是一个很上口的词。作为联合国秘书长，我从不同的语言中和不同的地方经常听到它，以至于有时在我看来，这个词多多少少变成了没有真实意义的口头禅。 我们所说的和平到底意味着什么 ?依人性本来的样子，和平必定只是一种相对状态。生命的本质是斗争和竞争。在某种程度上，纯粹 的和平几乎是毫无意义的抽象。斗争和竞争是激动人心的，但如果它发展成为冲突，常会具有毁灭性和扰乱性。建立联合国这类政治机构的目的就是要划定斗争和冲突的界线，使各国能站在正确的一边。维和行动就是达到这样目标的实际手段。 我们在联合国正努力建立的是这样一个世界：在那里，各国都认识到战争最终于事无补，同时世界各地的男男
30、女女为确保人类的美好未来共同承担了集体责任。所有人类经验都表明，在国际事务中，正如在国内事务中，任何想在理性状态下生存的社会都会把法治作为至关重要的目标。我们现在认识到，在技术和其他革命性变革 的推动下，整个人类，这个星球上的全部人口，已组成了一个单一的社会。国际法和国际权威的演变或许决定着这个全球社会能否在理性状态下生存。 从广泛的角度看，我们必须为这样的时刻而工作：到那时，战争将不再是一种可接受的国策选择或解决争端的可行手段，到那时，一个可靠的国际体系将会取而代之。由此看来，国际维和事业的发展占有至关重要的地位，正如民事警察对民族国家内部的法治建设占有至关重要的地位一样。我希望对维和事业给
31、予的关注 其标志是此次诺贝尔奖的颁发 不仅能增强我们处理国际事务的能力，还将激发更加广泛的努力 来思考：我们应采取什么样的新手段和建立什么样的新机构来创建我们更美好的未来。 【试题解析】 本文是关于世界和平的演讲。文章深入探讨了世界和平问题，描述了未来工作的方向。本文要求应试者具有一定国际政治方面的专门知识，掌握某些国际机构的名称，这些知识构成考查应试者基本素质的内容，在较为短暂的时间内，应试者还需对复杂的长难句作出判断，使翻译不仅信息完整正确，还要基本符合汉语习惯。在此基础上，应试者还要对文中的某些单词或短语作出判断，使其翻译不仅正确还要符合上下文语境的需要。 2 【正确答案】 当前在中国，
32、艾滋病毒和艾滋病被视为正在上升的一大威胁。据中国官方估计，中国已有约 84万人感染了艾滋病毒。但截止 2003年底，仅有62159人经检查确诊为艾滋病毒阳性，其余 78万或更多的艾滋病毒阳性人员的情况并不为公共卫生部门所知，当事人自己对此或许也不清楚，这就构成了艾滋病毒进一步传播的重大危险。中国资深官员和在华国际专家都认为，艾滋病毒在中国正从一些特定群体，如注射吸毒人员和卖淫人员，向普通人群扩散。 不过，中国在观念、政策和资源投入方面已取得了重要的进步。新就任的领导人对改善社会福利，特别 是处理艾滋病毒和艾滋病问题加大了投入。中国对艾滋病问题做出了更加积极的反应，包括了实行全国性的救治计划。新
33、的方针鼓励 “四免一关怀 ”，即对贫困患者药品免费，检查和治疗免费，防止母婴传染治疗免费，艾滋病孤儿上学免费，以及关怀感染艾滋病毒和艾滋病的家庭等。中国的高级领导人还承诺执行减轻危害的政策，比如鼓励吸毒者使用安全套，针具以旧换新，以及进行美莎酮替代疗法等。 严峻的挑战还在前面，尽管中国已取得很多积极进展，但要战胜艾滋病，在政治、技术和标准方面还面临着十分艰巨的挑战。就规划、成本、后勤，人力资源、技术 能力以及艾滋病羞耻所引起的普遍问题来看，其规模之大，问题之严重，无论如何强调都不过分。这里仅举几例：脆弱和不完整的全国性艾滋病毒检查和监测系统，破败而难以发挥作用的公共卫生系统，特别在农村地区，以
34、及在为艾滋病毒和艾滋病感染者提供正常的诊断、咨询、救治、监测和照顾方面严重缺少合格工作人员，必要的设备和技术。 在美国的评论家认为，解决好中国的艾滋病问题，需要中国国内和国际上的高层继续发挥领导作用。关心此事的美国决策人士，各国领导人和国际组织的负责人应把制订近期和中期措施作为工作重点，促使中国领导层继续关 注艾滋病毒、艾滋病和公共卫生问题。中国巨大的结构和组织缺陷必须系统地加以整顿。如果不能执行一项策略上更加协调的计划将可能随着时间的推移失去国际上对它的支持。预防和宣传应在中国的抗击艾滋病毒和艾滋病的全国计划中处在更明显的地位。而通过教育和医疗专业人员的训练而开展人力资源的开发更是十分重要的
35、。 【试题解析】 本文是关于中国艾滋病问题的评论，内容涉及中国艾滋病的现状和对策。本文要求应试者具有一定医学方面的专门知识，这些知识构成考查应试者基本素质的内容，在较为短暂的时间内，应试者还需对复杂的长难句作出判断，使翻译不仅信息完整正确，还要基本符合汉语习惯。在此基础上，应试者还要对文中的某些单词或短语作出判断，使其翻译不仅正确还要符合上下文语境的需要。 二、 PART 2 Chinese-English Translation (50 points, 30 minutes) Interpret the following passages from Chinese into English
36、. Start interpreting at the signal and stop it at the signal. You may take notes while you are listening. You will hear the passages only ONCE. Now lets begin. 3 【正确答案】 The Chinese have always placed considerable value on education, even more so since the introduction of the one-child policy. The av
37、erage Chinese household spends 15 percent of its income on education, and a study by the China Social Survey Institute found 43 percent of families have set up special bank accounts to cover the cost of their childrens education. Private education has been embraced in China in recent years, and scho
38、ols and parents are encouraged to raise funds to cover costs. About a third of the cost of educating a schoolchild today comes from non-government sources. Competition for university places in China is intense and increasing numbers travel overseas for their tertiary education, especially in Britain
39、. More Chinese students are now educated in Britain than any other country in the West. There are now more than 65,000 Chinese students in the UK, according to the Chinese Embassy in London. Chinese students contribute 250 million pounds in fees each year to Britains universities. The country has ma
40、de great strides in the 55 years since the founding of the Peoples Republic. According to the United Nations, illiteracy levels have fallen from 80 percent in 1949 to under 15 percent in 2002. Even so, it recognizes that more resources are necessary to improve on its UN ranking of 100 out of 129 nat
41、ions in terms of per-capita education spending. To improve its performance further, the Chinese government plans to spend 4 percent of its GDP on education by 2010, up from 2.6 percent at the start of the decade. 【试题解析】 本文主要讨论中国目前的教育状况，具体情况涉及家庭教育费用的支出、学校形式的多样化、就学途径的多样化和中国政府在教育方面的投资和努力等方面。 本题要求应试者在较短
42、时间内将文章各部分中译英。这需要应试者迅速对涉及该议题的术语、专有名词和复杂的数字单位作出反应，即考查应试者的基本素质情况。该文也要求应试者在听到某一中文句子时，迅速考虑使用何种符合英文习惯的句型结构或如何将若干中文句合并为一个英文句。在解决句子主要结构的基础上，该文还要求考查应试者对具体单词或短语的理解和翻译，如 何使之通顺流畅。 4 【正确答案】 When we describe someone as smart, we mean to say that he is intelligent, has a powerful memory and can quickly understand
43、things. It is good to be smart, as it is an asset that we can put to good use, such as achieving progress, acquiring knowledge, serving the country and the people, and making life better for ourselves and others as well. We have to admit that people are different from one another, and some are reall
44、y smart. Zhou Enlai, for example, was a smart person. When he was still very young, one of his peers said that Zhou was every inch a genius. But, what made him a man of many great achievements? He became such a man with his hard work, strenuous efforts, complete devotion and dedication to the last b
45、reath, and his boundless love and loyalty to the country, the Party and the people he served. Given Chinas vast expanse and huge population, there must be persons who are smarter than Zhou Enlai. Yet how many of them have left a profound memory in peoples hearts and minds as Zhou Enlai? It would be
46、best if a smart person could complement his smartness with hard work, which is the surest path to success. But those who can do this often do not regard themselves as smart. On the contrary, they feel that they are not nearly as smart and still need to work really hard. New inventions have invariabl
47、y come out of the strenuous research of the smart people who summarized their experience, tried repeatedly and thought deeply. And none of them has grown naturally and effortlessly out of pure smartness. Without hard work, even a smart person cannot accomplish anything. Not trying to work hard is in
48、 itself not a smart thing to do. Success lies, first and foremost, in hard work, not smartness. After all, where does smartness come from? One cannot deny the hereditary element. But if a smart boy should be denied of schooling, and all the training that he would have as he grows up, I am afraid his
49、 smartness would not last long. In most circumstances, however, a persons smartness is acquired through his hard work. 【试题解析】 本文讨论什么是真正的聪明，文章从聪明的优势谈起，以举例和对比的方法深化主题，最后文章的落脚点是本文最后一句话，即人的聪明是经过后天的努力培育出来的。 本文是一篇议论文，谈论的主题也是较为普通常见的，因此不涉及专门术语，只需有普通常识即可，但本文要求考查应试者在短时间内使用恰当英文结构和地道英文词汇的能力。总之，此文的翻译将显示口译者的英文功底。
