1、口语练习试卷 22及答案与解析 一、 SECTION 3 DISCUSSION (ABOUT 5 MIN) In this part of the test you are given a discussion topic. You have 30 seconds to look at the prompt card, an example of which is below, and then about 3 minutes to discuss the topic with your partner. After that examiner will ask you more questi
2、ons related to the topic. 1 Health and Safety: the importance of considering health and safety issues when planning office space 2 Management: the importance of a clearly defined management structure in a business organization 3 Communication: the factors involved in giving an effective presentation
3、 4 Personnel Management: the importance of monitoring stress levels among staff in a company 5 Financial Management: the importance of maintaining financial control across all departments 6 Advertising： how to ensure that advertisements appeal to consumers 7 Management Skills: the importance of effe
4、ctive decision-making procedures within a company 8 Technology: how to ensure that technology is used effectively in a company 9 Talking about franchising agreements 10 Franchising 11 Conference programme 口语练习试卷 22答案与解析 一、 SECTION 3 DISCUSSION (ABOUT 5 MIN) In this part of the test you are given a d
5、iscussion topic. You have 30 seconds to look at the prompt card, an example of which is below, and then about 3 minutes to discuss the topic with your partner. After that examiner will ask you more questions related to the topic. 1 【正确答案】 Suggested answers: a When planning office space, you have to
6、consider health and safety issues. Staff health and safety at work is very important. It is also important for an employee to know the duties of an employer. The employer should ensure safe entrances and exists for the place of work. The working environment should be safe. This means there should be
7、 kept clean and free from pollution by dust, noise or vibration, etc. Welfare facilities such as first-aid arrangements, washrooms and sanitary conveniences are also associated with the working environment. If you do not take health and safety issues into account, sooner or later you will eat your o
8、wn bitter fruits. As we all know that most of accidents can be directly attributed to negligence in carrying out safety procedures. b Employer has to take health and safety issues into account in the course of planning office space, if he/she tries to make certain that the employees are safe from da
9、nger or harm. Any machinery or equipment should be safe. In the office this would refer to equipment such as computers, photocopiers, duplicators, etc. There should be warning notices where necessary, the issue of special instructions, and proper arrangements for the storage of flammable materials.
10、Such substances may prove a danger to the office worker through inhalation of ages or vapor, by accidental swallowing if liquids are inadequately labeled or stored in unmarked bottles, or by fire through careless storage or use. Cleaning solvents and substances may prove dangerous if improperly used
11、. c It goes without saying that health and safety is above all. In addition to necessary space and facilities, employer should also provide information about possible hazards in the office or any precautions necessary in connection with their work. This information might also include a copy of the c
12、ompanys safety rules, the procedure to follow in the event of a fire or an accident and the procedures to be followed by which employees can ask questions relating to their heath and safety. Provision must also be made for the appointment of safety representatives from among the employees. Safety re
13、presentatives should investigate potential hazards in the workplace; investigate reports of unsafe working conditions and inspections of the workplace. d It is important for employer to pay great attention to health and safety issues. I think, the employer must provide health and safety training for
14、 employees. For instance, the employer should remind his employees not to overload electrical sockets, and such and such. And the employees should also take reasonable care for his/her own safety. Take a recent accident for example. Someone who lit a cigarette while filling a container with flammabl
15、e liquid would not be taking reasonable care. An actual accident concerned two girls in an office who were killed within seconds when a can of flammable liquid was knocked over and the vapor ignited. It has been estimated that over 85 percent of accidents can be directly attributed to“human error”,
16、and this is why there should be also a heavy emphasis on safety awareness and safety training. The mistakes were often the result of oversight. 【试题解析】 first aid急救。 hazard危险，危害物。 precaution预防，预防措施。 safety rules安全规章，安全条例。 flammable liquid易燃液体。 【知识模块】 口语 2 【正确答案】 Suggested answers: a Well, in my opinio
17、n, you can never under-estimate the importance of a clearly defined management structure in a business organization. Management is getting things done through the efforts of other people. Central to the management concept is concern for objectives and their attainment. Management is a process of org
18、anizing and employing resources to accomplish predetermined objectives. In todays complex crowded society enjoying the higher standards of living made possible by modern technology and industrialization, many organizations are both huge and intricate with stacked layers, proliferated elements, and w
19、eb-like interrelationships. Without a clearly defined management structure, I think, it is impossible for a business organization to fulfill the function satisfactorily. b Clearly defined management structure is very important in a business organization. Companies are experts at managing projects. A
20、 project is an interrelated set of activities. Project processes can be complex and challenging to manage. Successful projects begin with a clear definition of scope, objectives, and tasks. The project manager is responsible for establishing the project goals and providing the means to achieve them.
21、 The project manager must also specify how the work will be done and ensure that any necessary training is conducted. The project manager must evaluate progress and takes appropriate action when schedules are in jeopardy. Members of the project team may represent entities internal to the firm, such
22、as marketing, finance, accounting or operation. A clear definition of who is on the team is essential, as is a clear understanding of their specific roles and responsibilities, such as helping to create the project plan, performing specific tasks, and reporting progress and problems. The efficiency
23、of a project team is often influenced by the firms organizational structure. 【试题解析】 under-estimate低估。 staked layers有利害关系的层次。 intricate错综复杂的，盘根错节的。 jeopardy风险，为难，危险处境。 【知识模块】 口语 3 【正确答案】 Suggested answers: a In order to make an effective presentation, I think, you must pay an attention to the factors
24、 below. Whatyou need to make sure what you are going to deliver. Whoyou need to know who is your audience. Whyyou need to make sure why you need to do it. If keep these factors in mind, you can make a good preparation for an effective presentation. Then, you will work out solution to the problems. T
25、he most difficult problem is how to catch audience attention. So it helps if you start with a joke or something that captures their attention and if you stop on a high note as well, youll find most people go away feeling good. If you find youve got time left, you can use that for questions from the
26、audience. b If you want to give an effective presentation, you must go through the whole presentation in an empty room on your own. Better safe than sorry. The first change in my approach came when I realized its much more realistic and much more useful to do it in front of two or three colleagues.
27、That way you get some feedback. Otherwise you have no idea whether or not your presentation is effective, or which parts might need further attention. What I would advise is to make a video of your practice presentation. Are there any techniques that are effective for overcoming feeling of anxiety?
28、Well, first I have to say that some people never manage to reduce their anxiety levels. What they can do is learn to relax their face muscles while they speak, so that they look relaxed, even though they feel just as anxious as before. 【试题解析】 capture俘虏，捕获，占领，夺得。 realistic现实的，合乎实际的，逼真的。 anxiety焦虑，渴望。
29、 【知识模块】 口语 4 【正确答案】 Suggested answers: a It is very important to monitor stress levels among staff in a company. Think about a time when one employee had a conflict with another. The supervisor or manager would want to find out the causes and effects. What was the conflict? How did it feel to have t
30、hat conflict? How did you resolve the conflict? Did you act as a mediator? Do you think you could have resolved the conflict more successfully if you had known about some techniques of conflict resolutions? If you have monitored the stress level, you could possibly work out solution to the stress pr
31、oblems. You could be able to make prediction about what causes them stress. The best approach is for managers to see the workforce as internal customers. Staff service should be as important as customer service. b Good quality, trained, healthy and committed staff can improve the performance of the
32、organization as much as poorly motivated staff can damage it. It is very necessary to monitor stress levels among staff in a company. If you do it, you may find out the facts: Worries give staff the most stress. He or she may have a frantic schedule. Academic pressure makes him nervous? Or she worri
33、es about her demanding work or about her kids. Solving one problem at a time helps him/her to deal with stress. You could help the employees reduce stress. You may organize activities to improve the relations among the staff members. Sports may help them to deal with stress. 【试题解析】 conflict战斗，冲突。 su
34、pervisor主管，督导。 mediator调停人，斡旋者。 frantic疯狂的，急忙的，错乱的。 schedule程序表，进度表，时刻表。demanding work费劲的工作，需要技能的工作，苛求的工作。 【知识模块】 口语 5 【正确答案】 Suggested answers: a Nobody would overlook the importance of maintaining financial control across all departments. Financial control involves examination of the fiscal affair
35、s and the monetary values of organizational policies, plans, and programs. It involves examination of the inflow of money and other resources to the organization, the internal classification and utilization of these resources, and the outflow of money. Financial control across all departments may be
36、 considered a subset of administration or management. It deals in varying degrees with the processes of policy, planning, programming, budgeting, authorizing and appropriating, executing and auditing and evaluating. Each of these processes involves some aspects of financial management in its broades
37、t scope. b Financial control is very important, because it is the activity directed toward planning, programming, and controlling of an organizations provisions and use of its financial resources in order to achieve, effectively and efficiently, the specific objectives against which expenditures hav
38、e been authorized. If one fails to do financial control well, he/she cannot determine organizational goals. Without a strict financial control, you cannot devise programs to achieve the stated goals. Without a good financial control, it is impossible to obtain financial and other resources to suppor
39、t the programs. Without a strict financial control, it is impossible to make an accurate evaluation of the results to assure effectiveness in reaching goals and efficiency in the use of resources. c Nobody would challenge the importance of financial control. Financial management is directly applicab
40、le to decision-making, problem solving, and policy-making activities at all levels of administration. The main purpose of financial control is to assist and support those in top management in exercising their responsibilities and authorities in meeting the organizations goals and objectives and fulf
41、illing their account-abilities for the use of public funds. Financial control is an inherent part of top managements responsibilities. Productivity is closely linked to financial management. Without a good financial control, therell be no healthy money flow in an organization. Therefore, financial c
42、ontrol is indispensable to top management. 【试题解析】 accountability负有责任，应作解释。 overlook忽略，宽容，俯瞰，察看，监视。 inflow流入。 outflow流出。 devise设计，策划。 effectiveness有效力，功效。 indispensable必不可少的。 inherent内在的，固有的。 【知识模块】 口语 6 【正确答案】 Suggested answers: a With so many people these days making a conscious decision to buy pro
43、ducts, the pressure on those companies wishing to promote brands is greater than ever before. So, companies are now focusing their attention on making good advertisements. In my opinion, advertising appeals should be consistent with tastes, wants, and attitudes in a market. The trade literature of m
44、arketing is filled with anecdotal conclusions about the basic differences that exist in markets, which make adaptation of appeals necessary. When advertising does its job, millions of people keep theirs. Good advertising doesnt just inform. It sells. It helps move product and keep businesses in busi
45、ness. Every time an ad arouses a consumers interest enough to result in a purchase, it keeps a company going strong. And it helps secure the jobs of the people who work there. Advertising. Thats the way it works. b I think the critical aspect of advertising decision is the formulation of a strategy
46、and an objective for communications. To ensure that advertisements appeal to consumers, it is imperative to make real analysis of just what communications programs are intended to accomplish and how communications relates to the other basic marketing variables such as product, price, and distributio
47、n. For a company entering a market for the first time, an important objective of advertising is the creation of a favorable image for the company, both in the trade and among the public. A second major objective of advertising is to create awareness and interest and to stimulate an evaluation of the
48、 companys products that will lead to their sale. Advertising must communicate appeals that are effective in the target market environment. Because products are frequently at different stages in their life cycle in various international markets, and because of the basic cultural, social, and economic
49、 differences that exist in those markets, the most effective appeal for a product may vary from market to market. c If you want to make your advertisements appeal to consumers, you must fix requirements of effective communication and persuasion first. However, the requirements may vary from time to time. The specific advertising message and media strategy must often be changed from region to region and must frequently be adapted from country to country to correspond with the local culture and ethics in the particular region or country. In international and do
