1、国家公共英语三级（地方）练习试卷 5及答案与解析 Part A Directions: Read the following three texts. Answer the questions on each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. 0 Between the eighth and eleventh centuries A. D., the Byzantine Empire staged an almost unparalleled economic and cultural rev
2、ival, a revival that is all the more striking because it followed a long period of severe internal decline. By the early eighth century, the empire had lost roughly 2/3 of the territory it had possessed in the year 600, and its remaining area was being raided by Arabs and Bulgarians, who at times th
3、reatened to take Constantinople and extinguish the empire altogether. The wealth of the state and its subjects was greatly diminished, and artistic and literary production had virtually ceased. By the early eleventh century, however, the empire had regained almost half of its lost possessions, its n
4、ew frontiers were secure, and its influence extended far beyond its borders. The economy had recovered. The treasury was full. And art and scholarship had advanced. To consider the Byzantine military, cultural and economic advances as differentiated aspects of a single phenomenon is reasonable. Afte
5、r all, these three forms or progress have gone together in a number of states and civilizations. Rome under Augustus and fifth-century Athens provide the most obvious examples in antiquity. Moreover, an examination of the apparent sequential connections among military, economic, and cultural forms o
6、f progress might help explain the dynamics of historical change. The common explanation of these apparent connections in the case of Byzantium would run like this: when the empire had turned back enemy raids on its own territory and had begun to raid and conquer enemy territory, Byzantine resources
7、naturally expanded and more money became available to patronize art and literature. Therefore, Byzantine military achievements led to economic advances, which in turn led to cultural revival. No doubt this hypothetical pattern did apply at times during the course of the recovery. Yet it is not clear
8、 that military advances invariably came first, economic advances second, and intellectual advances third. In the 860s the Byzantine Empire began to recover from Arab incursions so that by 862 the military balance with the Abbasid Caliphate had been permanently altered in the empires favor. The begin
9、ning of the empires economic revival however can be placed between 810 and 830. Finally the Byzantine revival of learning appears to have begun even earlier. A number of notable scholars and writers appeared by 788 and by last decade of the eighth century a cultural revival was in full bloom, a revi
10、val that last until the fall of Constinople in 1453. Thus the commonly expected order of military revival followed by economic and then by cultural recovery was reversed in Byzantium. In fact the revival of Byzantine learning may itself have influenced the subsequent economic and military expansion.
11、 1 The central idea of this passage is that _ . （ A） the Byzantine Empire was a unique case in which the usual order of military and economic revival coming before cultural revival was reversed （ B） after 810 Byzantine economic recovery stimulated a military and later cultural expansion that lasted
12、until 1453. （ C） the eighth-century revival of Byzantine learning is a phenomenon that is difficult to explain （ D） the revival of the Byzantine Empire between the 8th and 11th Centuries shows cultural rebirth preceding economic and military revival reversed the commonly accepted order of progress 2
13、 It can be inferred from the passage that the Byzantine Empire continuously suffered significant territorial losses _ . （ A） in 600 （ B） during the 7th century （ C） a century after the cultural achievements of the Byzantine Empire had been lost （ D） soon after the revival of Byzantine learning 3 Wha
14、t attitude do ethical commentators take towards experimentation with human cloning? （ A） hey believe that knowledge is more important than anything else. （ B） The advised scientists to give up cloning. （ C） They are more concerned with the moral features of science. （ D） They support the new technol
15、ogy for its usefulness. 4 Simon Fishel advocates the opinion that _ . （ A） cloning is beneficial and moral problems can be avoided （ B） cloning should be banned due to its moral side effect （ C） cloning offers a possibility of reproducing people （ D） cloning may cause social and welfare problems 5 W
16、hich of the following serves the appropriate title for the passage? （ A） Cloning and Its Technical Wonders （ B） Cloning Techniques Used in Animals and Humans （ C） Cloning, from dolly to Twin Babies （ D） Cloning and Its Controversies 5 In ancient times most cultures and civilizations made some refere
17、nce to the origin of their languages. However, they did not study language by observation or experimentation-at least as far as we can judge from records that have survived to this day. Most comments on the origins of languages come to us in folk-tales or religious writings, but the Greek historian
18、Herodotus tells us one experiment. An Egyptian king named Psammetichos wished to find out which was the worlds oldest language. To gain this information he decided to isolate two newborn babies until they began to speak. Because they were kept from adults, they would have no patterns to imitate. The
19、 king made the assumption that the children would speak what was a natural language-which would be the oldest. After some months the children were heard to make a sound which was recorded as “bekos“. This was found to be very similar to the Phrygian word for “bread“. Therefore Phrygian (a language o
20、nce spoken in Asia Minor) was considered to be the first language of mankind. At least by King Psammetichos, and, we may assume, by his court. 6 The two babies were deliberately kept from adults _ . （ A） to see whether they could learn to speak without the help of adults （ B） to prove that Phrygian
21、was the first language of mankind （ C） to see whether they would speak the Egyptian language （ D） to discover which language would come most naturally 7 From his experiment the king concluded that _ . （ A） the first word children learn in any language is “bread“ （ B） the Phrygian language was the ol
22、dest in the world （ C） the oldest word in any language is that of “bread“ （ D） the Phrygian language was the easiest in the world to learn 8 The author thinks that the kings experiment _ . （ A） was the first reliable experiment in language study in history （ B） proved what it meant to prove （ C） was
23、 not necessarily sound though based on observation （ D） was utterly ridiculous and not worth mentioning 9 According to the author, the kings conclusion _ . （ A） was accepted by everybody （ B） caused heated arguments （ C） was probably accepted by his court （ D） was not believed by anyone except himse
24、lf 10 Most of what we know about the beginning of languages we learn _ . （ A） from religious or folk stories （ B） from the Greek historian Herodotus （ C） by reference to their origin （ D） by studying the Phrygian 国家公共英语三级（地方）练习试卷 5答案与解析 Part A Directions: Read the following three texts. Answer the q
25、uestions on each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. 【知识模块】 地方 1 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 作者主要是在探讨拜占 庭帝国的复兴历史，并指出 8 11世纪拜占庭帝国的复兴并没有按照一般的模式进行，而是文化复兴先行，继之以经济和军事复兴。选项 D较清楚地表达了这一意思。 【知识模块】 地方 2 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 根据题干中的 “territorial loss”定位原文第一段第二句话 “By the early eighth century， the
26、empire had lost roughly 2/3 of the territory it had possessed in the year 600”，一个八世纪，一个公元 600年，毫无疑问，领土损失最严重的情况发生在公元七世纪，所以选 B。 【知识模块】 地方 3 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 第三段开始，作者给出了经济、军事和文化发展的一般模式，然后将这一套用到拜占庭帝国的复兴中，指出其不符合实际情况，然后又提出了自己的解释。 B清楚地表达了本段的这一脉络。 【知识模块】 地方 4 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 根据题干，定位于文章最后一段。题干要求选择拜占庭帝国复兴开始的证据
27、，而作者在文中提到的顺序是帝国复兴 先于经济复兴，经济复兴先于军事复兴，所以拜占庭帝国复兴的证据非文化复兴莫属，故 D为本题答案。 【知识模块】 地方 5 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 定位原文第三段 “No doubt this hypothetical pattern did apply at times during the course of the recovery Yet it is not clear that.”，即这种一般模式可能适合帝国复兴的某一个特定阶段，但却不符合帝国复兴的总体情况，所以C为正确选项 。 【知识模块】 地方 【知识模块】 地方 6 【正确答案】 D 【
28、试题解析】 文章 “An Egyptian king named Psammetichos wised to find out which was the worlds oldest language.”一句的意思与题干中 “to discover which language would come most naturally”同义，故选 D。 【知识模块】 地方 7 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 参考文章最后一句 “Therefore Phrygian (a language once spoken in Asia Minor) was considered to be the firs
29、t language of mankind At least by King Psammetichos， and， we may assume， by his court.”。 【知识模块】 地方 8 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 根据文章最后一句中的 “we may assume”，我们可以推测作者对文中 内容的态度。 【知识模块】 地方 9 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 参阅文章最后一句话。 【知识模块】 地方 10 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 参阅文章 “Most comments on the origins of languages come to us in folk-tales or religious writings， ”一句话，便知 A是正确答案。 【知识模块】 地方
